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58 pages 1 hour read

Chrétien De Troyes

Yvain, or the Knight With the Lion

Fiction | Novel/Book in Verse | Adult | Published in 1176

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Lines 5771-6808Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Lines 5771-5871 Summary: “Yvain returns to King Arthur’s court”

Yvain and the 300 maidens leave the castle. The maidens thank Yvain, each bowing to him in gratitude. Yvain wishes them well, then joins up with the messenger maiden, and they continue on their journey. They arrive at the house where the wronged younger daughter awaits. She has recovered from her illness, but her face is still ashen. Happy and grateful to have Yvain at her side, she and Yvain travel to the castle where King Arthur is staying. In the town below, they spend the night in cheap lodgings where no one will look for them.

Lines 5872-5924 Summary: “All await the expiry of the time decreed”

The next day, time runs out for the younger daughter to search for a champion. The elder daughter arrives at court accompanied by Gawain. She asks king Arthur to grant her her father's estate. Arthur, knowing full well that the elder daughter is cheating her sister, stalls her. Just then, the younger daughter arrives, the Knight of the Lion at her side.

Lines 5925-5990 Summary: “The sisters insist on their respective causes”

Arthur welcomes the younger daughter, who presents her champion and then asks her sister to resolve the issue by returning to her what is rightfully hers. The sister replies, "The sun elect to shine at night, / Before I will renounce this fight" (198). She adds that she hopes her younger sister will wither away painfully. The younger sister says simply that she places her trust in God and the Knight of the Lion.

Lines 5991-6148 Summary: “Gawain and Yvain contest the issue”

Yvain and Gawain, the two champions, must now do battle. They love each other like brothers, but today each wears armor the other hasn't seen, and neither recognizes the other. They join the fight, striking powerful blows, doing great damage to each other's armor and helmets. Bruised and bleeding, they grow weary, but the fight continues.

Lines 6149-6228 Summary: “The two fight to a standstill”

The two knights pause to catch their breath, then renew the fight with even more vigor. The crowd watches, deeply impressed at the valor and fortitude of both warriors. King Arthur and his queen, Guinevere, sympathize with the younger daughter. The rest of the court agrees, and some ask the King to grant the younger daughter at least a portion of the inheritance so that the fight may end and neither of these great warriors will suffer any further. The king’s hands, however, are tied.

Night falls, and still they fight, exhausted and bleeding but refusing to give up. After a time, both realize that the fight can’t be won, and they agree to a truce. 

Lines 6229-6526 Summary: “Their identities are revealed, Arthur gives judgement”

Exhausted, whispering hoarsely, Yvain praises his opponent as the toughest he has ever fought. Gawain says likewise and announces his name. Shocked, Yvain throws down his sword and shield, dismounts, and declares that he would never have fought had he known who his opponent was. Gawain asks who he is, and Yvain names himself.

Immediately, each man offers his surrender, insisting the other got the better of him. Gawain dismounts, and the two companions embrace. The king and his court hurry onto the field to learn what has happened. The men each declare that the other has won the battle. They argue politely until the king, glad to see this enduring love between his two knights, declares that the fight is a draw and that he will decide the issue of the sisters' inheritance.

Arthur tells the elder sister that she must turn over to her younger sister her rightful share of their inheritance. Knowing she has no alternative, she relents. The king asks the two knights to remove their armor and disarm on equal terms. As they do so, Yvain's lion runs onto the field, sending the crowd scrambling. Yvain reassures them, saying the lion “Is mine, and I am his” (213).

Gawain thanks Yvain for saving his relatives from Harpin the Giant. Arthur has his best surgeon restore the two knights to health. Yvain decides to return to the fountain and cause “Such a tempest of wind and rain, / That perforce she must then again / Grant him peace” (214). 

Lines 6527-6658 Summary: “Yvain rides to the fountain, and rouses the tempest”

Yvain and the lion travel back to the fountain, where Yvain causes a terrible storm that shakes the castle walls and frightens its citizens. Laudine has no champion and asks Lunete what can be done; Lunete replies that the knight who slew the dragon and defeated the three knights is tormented by unanswered love but would serve her if she could grant him peace. Laudine says she’ll do so if she can. Lunete gets her to swear an oath on it. 

Lines 6659-6706 Summary: “Lunete goes to find Yvain”

Lunete rides off in search of Yvain and finds him at the fountain. She tells him to hurry back with her to the castle, where Laudine has effectively promised to love him again if he’ll be her champion. He asks if Laudine knows it is he, and she tells him Laudine only knows that her new guardian is the Knight of the Lion.

Lines 6707-6748 Summary: “The lady finds Yvain is the Knight of the Lion”

Lunete presents the Knight of the Lion to Laudine. The knight falls to his knees. Lunete tells Laudine that this man is the best friend she can ever find: “For he has no lady but you: / This is Yvain, your husband too” (222).

Lines 6749-6766 Summary: “The lady accepts she must reconcile with Yvain”

Shocked, Laudine says she would never grant this man peace, except that she has taken an oath to do so. 

Lines 6767-6788 Summary: “Yvain seeks their reconciliation”

Yvain declares that it was madness to betray her and he has paid dearly for it. He wouldn’t kneel before her if it weren’t true, and if she’ll have him, he’ll never betray her again. Reluctantly, she accepts him back into her life. 

Lines 6789-6803 Summary: “Yvain and his lady are reconciled”

Yvain and Laudine’s love blossoms anew and becomes stronger than ever.

Lines 6804-6808 Summary: “Chrétien’s envoi”

The author states that the story is at an end, “Unless one seeks to add lies here” (224).

Lines 5771-6808 Analysis

The greatest battle is saved for last, when Yvain fights against his dearest friend, Gawain. As two of King Arthur’s greatest warriors, theirs is a punishing, drawn-out duel, made worse by the fact that neither fighter realizes he’s trying to defeat, and possibly kill, his closest companion.

The author wonders, “Do they still love each other now? / Both ‘Yes,’ and ‘No’, do I avow” (199). Each hates his opponent now but would love him if he knew who he was. The situation echoes Yvain’s predicament with Laudine, who hates him for his betrayal yet doesn’t know him as the changed, and devoted, person he has become.

There is also the unsettled issue of Gawain’s campaign to keep Yvain with him on the jousting circuit at the expense of Yvain’s relationship with Laudine. This would never occur to Yvain, who blames no one but himself for his callous failure to keep his promise to Laudine. However, Gawain’s complicity might well occur to the reader. Gawain acquits himself by treating Yvain as Yvain treats him, with uncompromised love and devotion, along with a willingness to sacrifice himself for Yvain if necessary. Gawain also thanks Yvain for saving his relatives from the grip of the giant Harpin. It is not mentioned, but Gawain also owes Yvain for saving the life of Lunete, Gawain’s paramour.

Yvain knows his heart has reformed, and he’d be remiss if he didn’t somehow make that truth known to his beloved. He announces himself to her by conjuring up a fountain storm, the very thing he married her to prevent. Laudine sends Lunete to find a new champion, and when Lunete discovers the interloper is Yvain, the knight she was searching for, she once again applies her wit and wisdom to bring the two lovers back together.

Laudine is well aware that, were it not for the promise that Lunete connived her into making, she’d be unwilling to set aside her deep animosity toward Yvain: “Always in my heart would hide, As fire lurks among the cinders, What I no longer wish to utter” (222). Lunete knows that Laudine’s love for her estranged husband, given the chance, will win out over the old animosity. They rekindle the bliss of their first romance.

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