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An archaeologist excavates sites in the ground to uncover physical remains of humans, animals, or artifacts in order to form a richer and more complete understanding of the past. Who was King Tut? details the discovery of King Tutankhamun’s tomb by British archaeologist Howard Carter. The artifacts in the tomb, as well as the mummified body of King Tut himself, provided rich insights into ancient Egyptian life, culture, and religious beliefs about death and the afterlife.
A dig is a casual term for an archaeological excavation of a specific area. Due to ongoing urbanization or to the natural movement of earth or sand, historical artifacts are almost always at least partially buried. Archaeologists organize digs to carefully uncover artifacts or human or animal remains. These artifacts or remains can then be studied to learn more about the past.
A historian is an academic professional who analyzes written and archaeological records in order to study the details and relevant events of the past. To create streamlined historical accounts, historians rely on primary sources, which can include written or archaeological records of the past. Historians also include secondary sources—the speculations and findings of other historians—to inform their work.
A mummy refers to a corpse that has been fully preserved, either by natural processes or artificial ones. Within the context of ancient Egypt, this process entails removing organs, drying the corpse, and wrapping it in linen to prevent decay. Mummies reflect Ancient Egyptian Beliefs about the Afterlife, as bodies were preserved due to a widespread belief in reincarnation. It was thought that deceased individuals would need their bodies and the items they were buried with once they entered the afterlife. According to ancient Egyptian beliefs, they were only resurrected if their heart was found to be lighter than a feather, indicating their goodness and morality.
Pharaohs were the rulers of the ancient Egyptian empire. In most cases, rule was passed down by hereditary monarchy; children would inherit the position from their parents. Pharaohs were almost always male, but there are a few cases of female pharaohs, such as Hatshepsut, the fifth pharaoh of the 18th dynasty within the New Kingdom period.
King Tut, the historical subject of Who Was King Tut? was the 12th ruler of the 18th dynasty within the New Kingdom period.
The mummies of Egyptian pharaohs were entombed in decadent structures that conveyed the individual’s status and were thought to assist in the individual’s passage to the afterlife. Pyramids, for example, were shaped in a way that was thought to facilitate ascension towards the sun’s rays. Burial chambers were often disguised deep within tombs or behind a series of traps in order to protect the entombed individual from tomb robbers. Unfortunately, almost all such tombs ransacked by ancient or modern thieves or souvenir-hunters.
Tomb robbers are individuals who raided ancient Egyptian tombs in order to steal the artifacts entombed with the mummy. In some cases, mummies have been removed and sold. Tomb robbery has been a problem since ancient times, as is illustrated by the hidden nature of burial tombs within pyramids. Furthermore, measures to protect against thievery were included in tomb construction in the form of traps. Such traps included stones positioned to drop onto intruders, concealed shafts, or weaponry activated by opening doors.