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47 pages 1 hour read

Ashley Woodfolk

When You Were Everything

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2020

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Parts 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Now” - Part 6: “Then: September”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “What’s Past Is Prologue”

Cleo Baker walks to the train from Brooklyn to Manhattan in order to get to her high school. It is snowing, and the snow reminds her of her snow globes at home. She starts thinking about the past, Shakespeare, and her best friend Layla Hassan, who has not been in contact with her for a month. She listens to a song by Nina Simone and remembers her late grandmother, Gigi, who died four years ago. Suddenly, Cleo slips on the platform. Some people help her up, but Cleo misses having Layla by her side. She sits on a nearby bench and sinks back into her memories of her friend.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “A Theory and a Snowman”

Cleo takes the train and gets off at Layla’s stop. She walks along her block and remembers all the time that she and Layal spent together over the years. She texts her dad, Cliff Baker, and asks if he can meet with her. On the phone, he agrees to let her skip school, and father and daughter meet at a nearby café. Cleo asks if her father will go to the park and make a snowman with her. She explains that she wants to make new memories so that she isn’t always thinking about Layla everywhere she goes. Cliff agrees.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Ready For Battle”

That night, Cleo’s mom, Naomi Bell, scolds Cleo for skipping school and takes away her phone. Cleo feels betrayed by her dad.

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “Evil Genius”

The narrative shifts to a point prior to the main timeline. Cleo and Layla are getting ready to go to Cleo’s first real high school party. Cleo is hesitant about going because there will be drinking. While they get dressed, Cleo tells Layla about a Young Scholars Summer School in London that their English teacher, Ms. Novak, described to her. Layla’s mother opens the door, interrupting the conversation. She asks about the party, and Layla assures her that the event will not be rowdy. Cleo loves Mrs. Hassan and always enjoys seeing her.

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “You Over Everyone”

Cleo and Layla take the elevator up to Valeria’s apartment for the party. Layla feels nervous because she stutters, and she is afraid that the new chorus kids will judge her. Cleo reminds Layla that everyone loves her and that she is more important than anyone. Inside, the friends join the Chorus Girls, which include Valeria’s cousin, Sloane Sorenson.

Part 2, Chapter 6 Summary: “The Chorus Girls”

Layla gets along with the Chorus Girls and tries to include Cleo. Cleo is happy for Layla but feels invisible, so she soon excuses herself and goes to the roof. She texts her dad, promising to be home on time. Then she texts Layla to tell her where she is. Her phone slips, and a boy named Dominic Grey (or Dom), helps her to retrieve it. (He recently moved to New York from Georgia.) Cleo’s friends, Jase and Mason, join them. Jase and Cleo used to date. Layla joins the group on the roof as well, and she and Cleo start texting about the Chorus Girls. Cleo wants to leave, but Layla wants to stay. Cleo keeps talking to Dom after the others disperse and feels the night improving.

Part 3, Chapter 7 Summary: “Exits and Entrances”

Cleo spends the weekend at her dad’s. She has spent every other weekend with him since her parents’ divorce. On Saturday, Cliff notices Cleo researching how to make new memories. She used to spend Saturdays and Sundays with Layla, but now this is no longer possible. Cliff talks to her about Layla and tries to encourage her.

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary: “Dolly’s”

Cleo takes the train to Dolly’s, the diner where she and Layla once spent time together. She misses her friend but is surprised and glad when Dom emerges from the kitchen. He explains that his grandparents own the diner and that he has been working with them since moving back to New York. Their classmate, Sydney Cox, arrives and joins Cleo and Dom’s conversation. They discuss their upcoming papers on Shakespeare’s Macbeth, and Cleo promises to help her friends with the assignment as she often tutors her classmates. When Cleo leaves Dolly’s, she feels happy.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary: “A Warning”

Cleo’s mother, Naomi, confronts Cleo again about skipping school. Naomi and Mrs. Hassan are friends, and that is how she learned about Cleo’s poor attendance. Cleo misses Gigi because she mitigated the conflicts between her and Naomi. Cleo and her mother have not talked much since Cliff moved out. Now, Cleo accepts her phone back from her mom and promises to work on her attendance record. She takes the train to school and thinks about Gigi and Layla on the way.

Part 4, Chapter 10 Summary: “The First Day”

The first day of school feels strange to Cleo because Jase is acting as though they are still friends, even though they have broken up. He tries to take Cleo aside to discuss their friendship, but things still feel off-kilter to Cleo. Layla also seems distracted by the Chorus Girls, who are showing her a great deal of attention. Layla also keeps texting Sloane in the midst of talking to Cleo.

Part 4, Chapter 11 Summary: “The Stacks, Part I”

Cleo and Layla discover that the only class they share is homeroom. However, Cleo does have several classes with Dom. He approaches her, asking about her book, Othello. Cleo loves English and has wanted to be in Ms. Novak’s class since starting at Chisholm Charter.

After school, Cleo goes to the library to meet Layla and is surprised to find her talking to Ms. Novak and Cliff, who works there. Afterwards, Cleo and Layla break away to compare notes on the happenings of the day, but Cleo feels disappointed when Layla decides to leave and meet up with Sloane instead.

Part 5, Chapter 12 Summary: “You Actually Care?”

Layla approaches Cleo in homeroom, demanding to know why she has not responded to her messages. They sit and continue the conversation via text. Cleo is supposed to tutor Layla but doesn’t want to. Layla reveals that she told her mom everything about what happened and states that her mom probably told Cleo’s mom as well.

Part 5, Chapter 13 Summary: “The Hot Seat, Part I”

Cleo confronts Ms. Novak about making her tutor Layla. Ms. Novak explains that the tutoring assignment is meant to make up for the work that Cleo has missed while skipping classes. Cleo asks if she can tutor Dom instead, but Ms. Novak says that he is one of her top students.

Part 6, Chapter 14 Summary: “Milkshakes”

Cleo and Layla spend the first weeks of school singing and writing. Layla is practicing for chorus tryouts, and Cleo is writing her application essay for the London program. After Cleo submits the application, she attends Layla’s tryout. She feels nervous for Layla, because of her friend’s stutter. She is also upset when she notices that the Chorus Girls are abandoning Layla. Cleo and Layla get into an argument but decide to join the Chorus Girls at Washington Square Park afterwards anyway.

Part 6, Chapter 15 Summary: “The Park”

Cleo and Layla join Sloane, Valeria, Cadence, Melody, and Sage at the park. Cleo doesn’t like the girls, but she notices how much they like Layla. Cleo feels happy for Layla at first, but she feels hurt when she overhears Cadence and Melody talking about her in the park bathroom. They don’t want Cleo there. Cleo tries to tell Layla about the incident and asks to leave, but Layla wants to keep spending time with the Chorus Girls. Cleo secretly blames Sloane for making her feel excluded.

Parts 1-6 Analysis

This section uses Cleo’s first-person narration to introduce the theme of Coping with Loss and Moving Forward as the protagonist struggles to understand herself and her world in the wake of her grandmother’s death, her parents’ divorce, and the end of her friendship with Layla Hassan. These challenges complicate Cleo’s ability to focus on the many details of her high school life, and as her reflective mindset suggests, the stress of these losses also interferes with her attempts to fully enjoy her teenage years. As the novel opens on Cleo’s morose contemplations, the snowy imagery serves as a narrative device to awaken Cleo’s memories of meaningful moments in her life. As Cleo asserts, “[e]verything feels like a memory in a city when it snows” (3), and she finds herself reminiscing on significant points in her past. As she focuses on her recent misfortunes, she laments the ways in which her life has changed, and this state of mind becomes a constant theme in Cleo’s life as she attempts to redefine herself in the wake of her many losses. In this way, Woodfolk simultaneously invokes several common life stressors that her adolescent readers may also be experiencing, and Cleo’s struggles and eventual triumph are meant to provide a philosophical roadmap for how to navigate these realistic scenarios.

The structure of the narrative alternates between the past and the present in order to illustrate the role that Cleo’s memories play in understanding her relationships and herself. To properly orient readers to the context of each new chapter, Woodfolk alternately labels the major sections of the novel as either “Now” or “Then.” Because the essence of Cleo and Layla’s rift is revealed in bits and pieces, this narrative structure forges unique links between past and present moments while raising tension over the details of the primary conflict, which remain as yet unexplained. For the moment, Woodfolk conceals the full scenario that led to the two friends’ separation and instead drops frequent clues of a deeper issue at work. A prime example of this stylistic technique occurs in Part 1: “Now,” for Cleo is preoccupied with finding new experiences so that “not being friends with Layla anymore will hurt a little bit less” (11). She hopes that finding new pastimes will help her to recover from losing her best friend, but she does not explain what happened between her and Layla to cause such a dramatic rift. Instead, the “Then” sections illustrate the dynamics, arguments, and conflicts that have led to Cleo’s heartbreak in the narrative present. Thus, the narrative structure provides a realistic portrayal Cleo’s experiences and emotional landscape, and as she ruminates on the mistakes and misfortunes of the past, her contemplations highlight The Role of Memory in Shaping Relationships.

As these early chapters suggest, the end of Cleo’s friendship with Layla leaves her feeling lonely, lost, and confused as she tries to parse apart The Evolution and Dissolution of Friendship and the aftermath of these events. One month has passed since the two former friends have stopped talking, but Cleo finds herself grief-stricken whenever her daily activities remind her of past experiences with Layla. She feels haunted by her best friend’s lingering presence, but she has no power to reconnect with her or to fix their relationship. This inner conflict explains why she skips school, spends more time with her dad, and tries to interact with different classmates. As a sharp contrast with Cleo’s present sadness, the scenes set in the past depict the close dynamic she enjoyed with Layla when they were still talking. Friendly scenes such as attending parties, talking in the library, or texting when they are side-by-side are all designed to capture the uniqueness of their bond, and these positive dynamics are pointedly missing from the narrative present, revealing how alone and insecure Cleo feels without her friend. Her identity has been so intertwined with Layla’s that she now finds it nearly impossible to build a more independent sense of personal identity, and without Layla, she starts to question her experiences and relationships.

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