69 pages • 2 hours read
Laura HillenbrandA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Chapter 8 begins with a grisly tale of a B-24 accident that took the lives of ten men, along with Louie’s good friend, pilot Major Jonathan Coxwell. The men who survived the plane crash met their end in the water when sharks attacked them, “literally [ripping] them to pieces” (79). Hillenbrand provides more harrowing statistics of AAF deaths; only one of six losses were due to enemy action as “[a]ccidental crashes accounted for most deaths” (80).
The explanation for this statistic comes from the planes themselves. The new technology and their tendency to break down through heavy use made them incredibly risky to fly. Other factors including weather conditions, incredibly short runways and human error in the face of complex positional calculations also contributed to the grim statistics. Even if the flight crew bailed, which they had to do quickly, before crashing, surviving the water was almost impossible. Sharks appeared almost immediately, and search and rescue teams gave no hope. The planes flew mostly in radio silence, and their estimated arrival time was up to sixteen hours; rescue parties could not search at night. Searches also extended over thousands of square miles. In mid-1944, a new rescue system was implemented, equipping rescue rafts with radios and better provisions. Despite this improvement, fewer than 30% of men from downed planes were rescued between July 1944 and February 1945.
Becoming a Japanese POW was a very real fear for American soldiers. Hillenbrand’s re-telling of the Rape of Nanking explains their fear, and “every American airman knew about Nanking” (88). Soldiers coped with the fear in different ways: drinking, meticulous contingency preparation, or running.
This chapter includes the story of the attack on Nauru, a small island in the Pacific controlled by the Japanese and mined for phosphate. For the Japanese, it was an “ideal base for air strikes” (93). During the battle, the Japanese Zeros were “relentless” during battle; bullets flew everywhere. Superman’s hydraulic lines were severed so the brakes and landing gear could not be used. Practically everyone on Superman’s crew had been severely wounded, except Louie, Phil and Cuppernell. At one point, Phil thought, “one more pass [...] will put us down” (99). Pillsbury shot at the last pilot; it was later revealed that not one Japanese Zero bomber made it back to Nauru.
Superman escaped the air battle, but the plane was badly damaged. Because the landing gear could not be used, crashing was a huge risk. Louie prepared the injured airmen with modified parachutes and used the remaining parachutes by attaching them to the end of the plane. They had just enough hydraulic fluid for the brakes to work.
In four passes, the Japanese attacked the American air base of Funafuti. All of the men on the island were still nervous as they recovered from the attack on Nauru, but they managed to scramble for any kind of shelter. B-24s were bombed; the bombs discharged their ammunition. The amount of dead was not numbered.
The next day Louie and his fellow air crewmen surveyed the damage on Superman. It had lived up to its name; despite the damage, it miraculously brought them all safely home, and “[Louie] would think of it as a dear friend” (111).
At that point, the members of the Superman crew were sent in different directions. Louie, Phil and a few other Superman veterans were transferred to the “42nd squadron of the 11th Bomb Group” (112) stationed on Oahu, and six new men replaced the Superman flight crew.
Louie, Phil, and nine others took the unreliable Green Hornet on a rescue mission, despite Phil’s serious reticence to fly the plane. They flew out with another crew, who were operating the Daisy Mae, and the Green Hornet lagged behind. The Daisy Mae went on without them, so when engine problems caused the two left engines of the Green Hornet to die, the plane dropped to the water without any witnesses. Louie thought that the situation was hopeless and that no one would survive the plane crash, but after hitting the water, Louie realized that he was trapped in the plane, tangled by lines, and alive. After he fell unconscious from a lack of oxygen, he revived, and “inexplicably, the wires were gone” (120). He managed to wrench himself free from the plane, inflated his life vest, and returned to the surface. Phil also survived the crash.
Chapter 7 ends on a high note, and the optimism of this ending contrasts with the terrifying opening of Chapter 8. This section is comprised of descriptions of accidents, deaths, and the seeming impossibility of making it out of the war alive. The statistics and the explanations that Hillenbrand provide explain the harrowing scene in the book’s prologue.
Louie lived through many incidents and circumstances that took many lives, like the extensive damage of Superman, the air raid of Funafuti, and the crash of the Green Hornet. Louie later recognized that he lived through these events thanks to divine intervention; though his faith, another important theme of the book, was not fully realized at this moment in his life, Louie looked back on this time as evidence of God’s protection.
In this section of the book, Hillenbrand explains why rescue at sea was so unlikely and describes the ever-present danger of sharks purposefully. These details set up the context for the next section of the book and enhance the suspenseful atmosphere.
By Laura Hillenbrand