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49 pages 1 hour read

Dorothy Allison

Two or Three Things I Know for Sure

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1995

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Pages 21-39Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 21-39 Summary

Allison’s family members are scattered. She includes a photograph of an aunt who disappeared without a trace. In addition, she remembers Lucy, an acquaintance in California who can’t stay sober, and speculates that they were related, noting that among the family photographs is a woman who looks just like the acquaintance.

Allison is curious about her family and her mother, who refused to tell Allison anything about her life. Mattie Lee Gibson, Allison’s grandmother, was always happy to share such stories, even when they scandalized people. A photo of Ruth as a girl with her best friend, Pat, appears here. Mattie tells Allison that no matter how difficult life was at home, Ruth put on a happy face at the restaurant where she waited tables. A picture of Ruth’s health department ID card appears here, and Ruth has a big smile on her face. Allison thinks that her mother’s putting on this happy face was masking or performance, and it’s exactly what Allison does now when she stands up in front of people to talk or read.

To augment her descriptions of the uncles and the other boys in her family, Allison includes a photo of one of her uncles and another man sitting in a bar and another of him standing with his foot on the bumper of a car. These men loudly boasted about sexual liaisons, but that was bravado: Allison remembers an uncle coming to her mother’s house one night to weep over a woman who’d left him. Now, Allison knows that this hardness was a pretense.

Allison distinctly remembers having always been “trash” to the Southerners around whom she grew up, noting that the photos of the Gibson women resemble other photos of the working class, especially those depicting disaster sites. A photo of her mother and Dot in the 1980s appears here. They’re unsmiling and stolid in the photo. Allison notes that the Gibson women are solidly built. They look worn down, and people assume that they aren’t intelligent or beautiful. Her aunts taught her this about herself—but they also taught her that looks were nothing compared to determination.

Allison includes a photo of herself as a girl in 1958. She has missing teeth and large glasses. This is close to the time when she realized that her family members didn’t see her as conventionally beautiful. Dot, however, told her that when people call women and girls ugly, she should remember that it’s what boys and men do to girls and women that make them look this way. Likewise, being beautiful is no great thing for a working-class girl. Ugly or beautiful, they’re all subject to sexual violence, and the boys and men who rape them are always ready to offer an excuse for the act. Allison includes a photo of her Aunt Dot in 1952 as a young wife, before her husband left her. A few paragraphs later is a photo of Dot later in life; she looks older and has a slight smile on her lips.

When she was younger, Allison aspired only to never become like the rest of the Gibson women. Despite her wish, she lived with a “mean story” in which, ironically, she cast herself as one of those indestructible Gibson women and girls. That story about herself derived from “nakedness, the struggle to find clean clothes, food, meaning, and money […] [and] years of silence” (39).

Pages 21-39 Analysis

To provide context, Allison comments on the impact of class and gender on her life and the lives of all the women and girls in her family. Allison uses retrospection (looking back over her life from the perspective of who she is now) to offer an unflinching feminist analysis of how the narratives about white, Southern, working-class girlhood, womanhood, and manhood damaged her and her family.

One of the central and most damaging myths that Allison embraced once she left the South as a young adult was that she was one of those “women who have taken damage until they tell themselves they can feel no pain at all” (38). By examining the lived experiences of her stoic mother and Aunt Dot, Allison understands as a young woman that they hid many wounds beneath the smiling faces they present in the photographs in this section. The group photo on page 33 drives this point home: After years of living hard lives, the faces these two women present in the photo are guarded and worn. Allison realized only later that telling herself she was indestructible made her just like the women she feared becoming.

Her feminist analysis not only focuses on the damage that gender-based oppression does to women but reveals that men are also damaged by the pressure to conform to gender ideals. Allison spends little time on men in this feminist memoir, but her note about this is one of the few in which she counts the cost of white, working-class gender stereotypes on the men in her family. Although they were the perpetrators of some of the gender violence that the women in Allison’s family experienced, they were also wounded.

Regardless of their gender, Gibson women—and men—found that the refusal to share stories about their trauma publicly compounded it. Allison represents this hidden trauma and its cost in several ways. On page 33 she includes a photo of “a lost aunt” (95), whose disappearance may simply be due to violence or weariness—the cause isn’t specified. The episode in which she meets a person who may be a cousin highlights how silence fractures family bonds; Lucy, the friend she describes, struggles with addiction and, compounding it, a lack of family support.

Allison offers several strategies for dealing with the damage that comes from silences and gaps. The episode in which one of her uncles comes to her mother for comfort after a breakup shows that vulnerability with trusted loved ones—instead of hardness—can offer solace and healing. Allison’s memoir in this section shows this strategy in action when she shares the beginnings of the “mean story” about her life. Her story isn’t unique; it recognizes that she’s a complicated person who can present both as powerful (a woman with a “carefully buttoned collar” [39] like those her mother wore) and a person who’s simultaneously full of shame and anger over having to withstand abject poverty and sexual violence.

“Silence” is the last word in this section, and Allison proceeds from that moment on to shred that silence and tell a raw story about how violence is deeply rooted in her class position, age, and gender. This marks her shift to using Storytelling as Testimony, the book’s second major theme, to heal herself.

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