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Emily DickinsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
When “This World is not Conclusion” references the discipline of philosophy, it does so using synecdoche, a figure of speech in which a part rhetorically stands in for a larger whole. Here, philosophy represents all academic and scholarly knowledge. While the world “beyond” and its “species” (Line 2) simultaneously “beckon” and “baffle” (Line 5) the mind, seemingly inviting ongoing speculation into its mystery, “Philosophy, don’t know—/ And through a Riddle, at the last—/ Sagacity, must go” (Lines 6-8). Academic study will ultimately never understand this subject because in the end, academics are also human: Eternity “puzzles scholars” (Line 9) just as it confuses everyone else. Thus, “sagacity” or judgement and discernment “must go” in order for a person to reach out to eternity outside the normal structures of logic and intellect. Traditional schools of thought, represented by philosophy, are ultimately inadequate to solve the “riddle” of the world to come.
While defining the various lengths people have gone to and the sufferings they have endured in order to “gain” (Line 10) admission into the world “beyond” (Line 2), Dickinson makes mention of crucifixion. She writes, “To gain it, Men have borne / Contempt of Generations / And Crucifixion” (Lines 10-12). In order to “gain” or be worthy of eternal life, believers have willingly suffered persecution and even died, a central principle of the Christian faith. Of course, the mention of crucifixion strongly connotes the crucifixion of Christ, the most famous instance of that form of execution. Dickinson references crucifixion precisely because it represents the pinnacle of Christian suffering and martyrdom. Bold men may have willingly submitted to the worst form of suffering to demonstrate their faith and their merit for the world to come, but Dickinson sees this perspective as overly simplistic. She dismisses this kind of martyrdom as merely a show of bravado and another form of overcompensation for the lingering doubts and uncertainties of faith.
Referenced during the poem’s conclusion, narcotics are an important symbol in “This World is not Conclusion.” After describing how preachers use “much” gesturing (Line 17) and “strong Hallelujahs” (Line 18) to strengthen the congregation’s faltering faith, as well as their own, Dickinson concludes, “Narcotics cannot still the Tooth / That nibbles at the soul” (Lines 19-20). With these lines, Dickinson deliberately parallels religion and drugs. Just as narcotics or opiates are prescribed to provide comfort, alleviate pain, and numb the senses, religious meetings and public displays of faith are designed to quell doubts and numb the mind’s natural tendency to question spiritual things. Narcotics thus symbolize human beings’ attempts to repress their natural skepticism and confusion regarding metaphysical concepts, a tactic which Dickinson insists will not work. Neither religion nor drugs can stop the “tooth” of doubt and spiritual questioning which gnaws and “nibbles” away continually at the human soul.
By Emily Dickinson