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54 pages 1 hour read

Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings

The Yearling

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1938

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Chapters 26-33Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 26 Summary

The Baxters rejoice when their cow miraculously gives birth to a calf. Ora spends three days making a giant fruitcake for the Christmas festivities in Volusia. Penny gifts her the alpaca fabric, and she weeps with joy and rushes to make a new dress before their trip. Jody has a gift for Ora but realizes he has nothing for Penny, so he finds a reed and makes him a pipe. Buck reports that Old Slewfoot killed one of their hogs, and Penny sets a large trap to protect their new calf. Three days before Christmas, Old Slewfoot kills the new calf and Penny is infuriated, a sight Jody has never seen. Penny prepares to hunt, vowing “This time, hits’ me or him” (346). Jody and Flag follow as Julia is hot on the bear’s trail, but after tracking him all day, they give up and return home, hoping the bear will return to the calf carcass in the trap. Penny asks Ora to massage his sore back, as he plans to rise early the next day to continue the hunt.

Penny leaves early and despite his sore back, plans not to return until he kills Old Slewfoot—despite Ora tearfully reminding him that Christmas Eve’s the next day. Ora is to take the wagon to Volusia alone if father and son don’t return in time. Penny and Jody track the bear all day through the swamp, but the bear runs, and the dogs refuse to follow through the creek. Penny fires and grazes the bear, but it keeps running. Flag disappears into the woods, but Jody doesn’t bother his father with his problem. Penny is enthralled with the hunt and tells Jody that it’s better than the “Christmas play dollies” (353). Both men and dogs take refuge at a cabin that belongs to a widow Penny used to court. The dogs awaken father and son the next morning, barking ferociously at Nellie Ginright, the cabin’s owner, who’s returned with her nephew Asa. Nellie is happy to see Penny, and they joke about when they used to court while she cooks the Baxters breakfast. Nellie is a lovely woman, and her demeanor reminds Jody of Grandma Hutto. Since Old Slewfoot has killed many of Nellie’s hogs, she offers the Baxters her canoe to cross the creek. Penny and Jody use the leaky canoe and wade across the creek, where Julia picks up the trail and they see the bear’s tracks. The dogs run ahead and corner the bear, holding him as Penny takes him down. At first, Penny and Jody are in shock, but soon begin hooting and dancing in celebration of their victory. They gut the bear and walk to the nearest town for help toting it out of the woods, as Penny tells Jody more bear-hunting stories. The Forresters ride up drunk, but when Penny tells them that he’s killed Old Slewfoot, they sober up and jump at the chance to help bring home the carcass. Buck skins the bear, keeping the head intact, and the men quarter the rest of the meat to split between families. After a quick trip home to the smokehouse, Jody finds Flag safe in the woods. The Forresters take Penny and Jody to Volusia, arriving at the church just in time for dinner. Buck dons the bearskin and scares everyone out of the church before Penny tells him to take it off unless he wants someone to shoot him. Everyone gathers around Penny to hear the story of him killing Old Slewfoot, while Jody gorges himself on four different kinds of cake.

Grandma Hutto gets word that Oliver has returned on a steamship, and the Forresters have disappeared. She races home and finds her house ablaze, and Penny must hold her back from running inside. Oliver rides up with Twink by his side, and Jody tells him that the Forresters set fire to his mother’s house. Oliver grabs his pistol and is ready to chase them down, but Grandma Hutto embraces him and insists the fire was her fault because she left a lamp burning near the curtains. Oliver introduces Twink as his wife and says he’ll build Grandma Hutto a new house, but she wants to move to Boston. Penny pulls her aside and chides her fib, but she says she’d rather have her house destroyed than lose her son in a gunfight.

Chapter 27 Summary

Grandma Hutto, Oliver, and Twink depart on a steamboat the next morning, and the Baxters see them off. Oliver thanks Jody for standing up for him, and Grandma Hutto tells him to write her a letter. Jody is emotional, thinking he may never see them again. Ora believes the Forresters are guilty of setting the fire, but Penny says there’s no clear evidence. She thinks Oliver’s troubles are Twink’s fault, and Jody agrees but says that the girl is “mighty purty” (385).

Chapter 28 Summary

The winter is mild, so Penny takes advantage of the good weather by planting cotton, enough tobacco to sell for a profit, and extra corn so they don’t run short in the summer. Jody helps Penny dig a bed for Ora, so she can plant and grow ginger. At night, the family sits by the fire and discusses what happened at Christmas. People in town believe the Forresters set the fire, and no one’s seen them for a while. They never returned to the Baxters to get their share of bear meat, and Penny is upset thinking there’s a breach in their friendship.

There are few big animals to hunt, and those available are of inferior quality, so the Baxters eat stringy bear meat, but enjoy the grease far more. Jody spends most of his day helping gather downed trees for firewood and hunting small game with Flag. At night, he works on his lessons while Ora quilts. One night, Penny and Jody see a lone, injured wolf playing with Rip and decide not to shoot it or tell Ora. Jody clutches Flag, thankful he didn’t abandon him in the woods.

Chapter 29 Summary

In February, Penny’s arthritis flares and he stays in bed, leaving Jody to do most of the chores. When he isn’t working, Jody takes Flag into the woods where they run and play together. One day, he spots Flag standing at the top of the sinkhole and barely recognizes him. Penny says Flag is a yearling and will have his horns by the summer. As Flag grows bigger, he becomes wilder. Jody can’t keep him tied up, and after he wakes Ora in the middle of the night, she banishes Flag from the house. He tries to cover for the deer and clean up his messes, but Penny agrees that Flag is too big and should be outside. The next day, Penny feels well enough to leave his bed and check the crops. He summons Jody and reveals that Flag has trampled most of the newly planted tobacco. Penny isn’t angry but disappointed that they won’t be able to sell any tobacco for profit. As Jody helps repair the damaged crops, he is certain Flag won’t cause trouble again.

Chapter 30 Summary

March’s agreeable weather allows Penny to plant all the necessary crops before the rain comes. Jody helps Penny as Flag spends more time in the woods. He misses the deer, but is relieved he’s staying away from the crops. Ora is worried Penny is working too hard, but he’s glad to be out of bed and planting. Late in the day, Flag reappears, and Jody notices his father staring strangely at the deer. Penny says the deer has grown as Jody has. Jody feeds Flag from the table and begs the yearling to stay out of the crops. The next day while planting cotton, Jody notices Penny looking at Flag again and has a bad feeling. While trying to remove a stump from the field, Penny injures his groin and barely makes it back home with Jody’s help.

Chapter 31 Summary

Penny is bedridden and speaks sternly with Jody about protecting the corn plants from Flag. Jody takes over most of the farm work and goes hunting with Flag, bringing home squirrels for dinner and garnering pride from his parents. However, the next morning, Jody awakens to find that Flag has eaten almost all the corn plants, and he mopes inside to tell his father. After Ora and Penny have a heated discussion, Penny tells Jody that he can disassemble an old fence and use it to create a barrier around the crop. Knowing this is his last chance, Jody works himself ragged for days, replanting the corn and hauling wood back to assemble the fence. As Jody and Ora finish the fence, the former spots Flag eating the corn. Ora sees the destruction and runs inside to tell Penny, who calls for Jody and tells him to take Flag into the woods and shoot him.

Chapter 32 Summary

Armed with Penny’s gun, Jody takes Flag into the woods—but refuses to follow his father’s orders. He fights with his parents in his mind and then collapses, wailing. Feeling guilty for crying, Jody runs through possible scenarios in his mind. He wishes Oliver was still in Volusia and wonders if there’s anyone who would take Flag for him. Jody can live with being apart from Flag if he knows he’s safe and happy. He decides to go to Buck and plead for help, but when he arrives at the Forresters’ cabin, he learns the brothers are gone until April. Jody begs Ma and Pa Forrester to take Flag, but Pa agrees that if Flag is a threat to their crops, he should be shot. He resolves to walk to Jacksonville and makes a leash for Flag, but the deer fights him the entire way. Jody is exhausted and starving, and lays down for a nap. When he awakens, Flag is gone. Jody follows the deer’s trail all the way home, creeps into the yard, and hides with Flag in the smokehouse. The next morning, Flag is gone and has eaten the family’s corn and cow-peas. Ora is furious and orders Jody to tell his father. Penny is disappointed in Jody for not doing his duty, but he insists he can’t kill Flag. Ora grabs the shotgun and shoots Flag in the leg. Jody runs after the injured deer, screaming that he hates his parents and will never forgive them; Penny watches helplessly from the porch. Flag runs to the sinkhole and tumbles down a ravine. Jody shoots him dead and falls, vomiting.

Chapter 33 Summary

Jody decides to run away to Jacksonville and then to Boston to find Oliver. After hitching a ride with a fisherman, Jody finds Nellie Ginright’s canoe and plugs the holes with sap and cloth from his shirt, paddling down the river. Sick with hunger and grief, he wrestles with the feeling that his father has betrayed him. Spring is blooming, but “The beauty of the late March day held only pain to hurt him” (428), as everything he sees reminds him of Flag. The river becomes difficult to navigate and Jody experiences delirium and exhaustion, so he stops on the riverbank and camps for the night. The next morning, he begins paddling again, but as the waterway widens, the current becomes more dangerous and the boat takes on water. He frantically paddles to shore and hikes to an abandoned cabin. Finding only flour, Jody makes a paste that only briefly satisfies his cramping belly. He sleeps fitfully, and when he begins paddling again, his vision is blurry and he loses consciousness. A mail boat rescues him; he’s given food and water, but is then deposited at Volusia and told to go home.

Jody walks past Grandma Hutto’s burned house and realizes there’s no place to go but home; he wonders if his parents even want him back. As the landscape becomes more familiar, he realizes it’s April 1 and that he’s at the same creek where he built the flutter-mill a year ago. Jody makes another one, but calls it a “play dolly” (440) and destroys it. The closer he gets to home, the more homesick he becomes, so he runs the rest of the way. Penny is by the fire, wrapped in quilts and too weak to embrace his son; Ora has gone to trade chickens with the Forresters. Jody apologizes for the things he said, and Penny forgives him. Penny is glad that Jody learned what true hunger is and can now appreciate the need to protect their food. He’s had a hard life and hoped to protect his son from injustices, but now Jody knows the truth. Jody eats dinner, washes, and goes to bed, crying for his lost fawn and the lost boy who loved him.

Chapters 26-33 Analysis

The Baxters begin recovering from a series of natural disasters, with the birth of a new calf being a symbol of hope. However, Old Slewfoot reappears, having survived the flood and plague, and continues his reign of terror on the modest homesteaders of the scrub. When Penny sets off to hunt the bear, he’s motivated not only by his anger over the slain calf but all the injustices of the world. He tracks the bear as if he’s hunting down the source of all his family’s sorrow and when he finally takes down the legendary predator, he dances like a child in a stupor of joy. The defeat of Old Slewfoot brings the novel full circle, and serves as the climax of the novel’s thematic battle between man and nature. The slaying of the families’ mutual foe reunites the Baxters and Forresters, and symbolizes a victory in their constant struggle against forces of nature they can’t control. The ensuing visit to Volusia serves as a celebration of this victory, and for a moment, Jody and his family are at peace with their neighbors. Jody, the boy who can never seem to get enough food, stuffs his face with cake but also finds himself full of pride and love for his father. This joy is short-lived however, as the destruction of Grandma Hutto’s house abruptly shifts the tone of the narrative; the Baxters return home feeling more alone than ever, having said goodbye, perhaps forever, to the Huttos and feeling a deep breach in their relationship with the Forresters.

Throughout the novel, Penny appears indomitable to Jody, being able to track wild game, cultivate crops, and even predict the weather with aplomb. However, when a series of health struggles confine Penny to the bed, Jody feels unmoored in a way that is unfamiliar to him; with patriarchal responsibilities flung on him almost overnight, Jody buckles under the pressure, longing to bask in the unfettered freedom of his childhood. Compounding this pressure is Flag’s increasingly menacing behavior. Ironically, Jody, still a child himself, begs the adolescent deer to behave. In the same way that Jody places too much of his physical and emotional security in Penny, the boy has asked too much of a creature meant to roam free in the woods. When Penny asks Jody to do the unthinkable, the latter sees this request as the former not understanding how much he loves Flag. In reality, Penny cares deeply for Jody, so much so that he knows the deer must go to grow food for Jody to eat and survive. Jody endures a loss of innocence in both seeing his father humbled by his health and in realizing that love often involves sacrifice: He himself must sacrifice his love for Flag to preserve his family.

Upon killing Flag, Jody descends into a sadness that sends him on both a physical and spiritual journey. The natural world that was once so comforting now feels unsettling, and he finds no solace in the trees, river, or animals. The physically grueling journey symbolizes Jody’s complete transformation from boy to man, his loss of innocence. By rebuilding the flutter-mill, he tries to reconstruct his innocence, but ultimately calls the flutter-mill a foolish toy and destroys it, symbolizing that his transformation is complete. Jody’s return home mirrors the biblical story of the prodigal son. Penny welcomes his son without guilt or shame, and accepts his apology without pretense. However, in a departure from the biblical narrative, there is no lavish party or storybook ending as Penny’s condition has worsened, signaling that the family’s fate is still in jeopardy. In a realistic ending, instead of feasting, Jody nibbles meager rations and later sobs over all he’s lost. Rawlings leaves the reader with a melancholic, unsettling ending as the fate of the Baxters remains a mystery—with the final image being that of a grieving boy thrust into a harsh world.

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