44 pages • 1 hour read
Todd StrasserA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
When the students arrive in history class the next day, the words “STRENGTH THROUGH DISCIPLINE” (29) are written on the blackboard. Ben tells the class that they’re going to discuss power and success, two things that interest everyone. Power and success will be the result of strength and discipline, which are products of following the right rules.
Ben says that improved discipline starts with improved posture. He has Amy sit straighter in her chair, and she admits that she can breathe better. Even Robert does it, an uncharacteristic curiosity getting the better of him. Then, Ben has them walk around the room. Several times, he has them take their seats on command, trying to be more efficient each time. Next, they return to their seats after walking to the hall, and he times them. Then, they line up in order so that the student who must travel the farthest to return from the hall (Robert) is at the front of the line. The time drops from half a minute to 16 seconds.
Ben then gives them three rules. First, they must always have pencils and paper. Second, they must stand at the side of their seats to ask questions. Third, they must always address him as Mr. Ross. Ben asks Brad a question. When Brad addresses him while sitting, Ben has Robert demonstrate the proper discipline, which Robert does perfectly. Ben makes them shorten their answers for greater efficiency. He shouts at Laurie when she fails to address him as Mr. Ross. The students, captivated, outshout each other to answer his questions. When the bell rings, no one moves. When Ben dismisses them, they leave in sync.
Outside, the students are energized. David wonders how to similarly inspire the football team. In the restroom, he sees Robert combing his hair, tucking in his shirt, and snapping to attention in the mirror, repeatedly.
That night, Ben tells Christy that the class was a success. They didn’t have to play the game, but they wanted to. Each small improvement made them crave more. Christy jokes that he has created a monster. Ben doesn’t tell her that he too got swept into the game and found it as exhilarating as they did.
The next day, Ben is the only one late to class. He finds the students in orderly rows with perfect posture. Robert tells him they’re practicing discipline. Ben writes “COMMUNITY” (42) on the board under yesterday’s message. He encourages them to think of themselves as a team and a unit before giving them two mottos: “Strength through discipline” and “Strength through community” (42). A few students, including Laurie and Brad, remain seated but eventually stand with the class to chant the mottos.
Ben produces a symbol for them: a circle with a wave inside. He says, “A wave is a pattern of change. It has movement, direction, and impact. From now on, our community, our movement, will be known as The Wave” (43). He demonstrates a wave-shaped salute, and they repeat it until he’s satisfied. Ben instructs them to salute other Wave members whenever they see each other. Robert demonstrates the salute and the mottos. Soon, the whole class joins, and they remind Ben of a regiment.
Outside, David says The Wave might be what the football team needs. Brian thinks it’s worth trying, especially if a new standard of discipline and strength will stop their opponents’ huge linebacker. Deutsch, a second-string junior, wants Brian’s position. Half-joking, he says he’ll take his place in the game if he’s scared. David separates them when the argument escalates. He thinks the team is missing unity and discipline, and that it hasn’t been winning because “we’re twenty-five one-man teams all wearing the same Gordon High uniforms” (47). David decides to tell them about The Wave. He begins explaining the mottos and the salute.
Laurie tells her parents about the two days of history classes. Her father is a meek golf obsessive who rarely speaks about anything else and defers to his wife on most matters. Laurie’s mother, Mrs. Saunders, has a large role in the League of Women Voters. Politicians often consult with her because she’s brilliant, insightful, and it’s impossible to hide anything from her. She says the class sounds too militaristic, and Laurie’s enthusiasm worries her.
When Mr. Saunders says that the country is founded on cooperation, Mrs. Saunders retorts, “You talk about the greatness of this country and you’re talking about people who aren’t afraid to act as individuals” (50). Then she tells Laurie, “The popular thing is not always the right thing” (51).
At home, Ben updates Christy on his class. Some students have actually been reading ahead in their coursework. He thinks they like having someone make their decisions. However, The Wave is starting to bother Christy. She thinks Ben speaks about his students as if they’re superior to the other students. She wonders if he’s becoming a guinea pig in his experiment.
Laurie is concerned when David tells her about integrating The Wave in the football team. She says her mother warns of brainwashing and manipulation. In class, a blue poster with The Wave symbol is on the wall. Ben passes out yellow cards that he says are Wave membership cards. Cards marked with a red X indicate that the holder is a monitor. Monitors must report rulebreakers to him. Robert and Brian have X’s on their cards. When Laurie asks what the point of the cards is, Ben says it’s a chance to observe how groups can self-monitor. He then says they must add action to their discipline, and they shout their approval.
Laurie is disturbed. Ben says they no longer compete with each other because they’re now a team, and the team must recruit. Robert stands and says that The Wave feels “like being born again” (61). As the students salute and chant, Ben thinks, “They were the Wave now […] and they could act on their own without him if they wanted” (62). However, he isn’t uneasy because he’s sure that he can maintain control.
The Wave members all sit together at lunch, even Robert. Brian shows Laurie his monitor card when she asks if The Wave is getting too weird. Robert says being against The Wave would be breaking a rule. Laurie doesn’t argue because she’s pleased that Robert is no longer ostracized.
These chapters show the birth and expansion of The Wave. The introduction of The Wave begins a shift in each character’s arc, foregrounding The Momentum of Dangerous Ideas. The students in the class have various interests, perspectives, and goals, but nearly everyone responds to the muscular, macho calls for greater strength and discipline. Robert’s immediate response surprises and pleases Ben, but Robert is an obvious mark for an invitation to instantly choose to belong, regardless of the group that accepts him. He responds to the rules and the posture, and he feels the pride and confidence of solidarity. However, he has unknowingly also taken his first step toward becoming a Wave zealot and enforcer.
The classroom exercises regarding seating, posture, and striving for greater efficiency are almost parodic, as if a comedy group were performing a skit about the most hyperbolic German group ever to exist. However, the students respond to it seriously, and Ben is surprised by his own exhilaration. The gateway to enthusiasm for people who haven’t yet discovered their own passions is often witnessing and being included in the enthusiasm of another person or group. The regimented behaviors energize the students, but they participate without thinking about why they’re obeying. They’re like machines that Ben has created. The salutes and shouts are so obviously nods to Nazism that it’s surprising that no one describes them in distasteful terms or mentions their clear connection to the film Ben showed several days earlier. When the students shout “Strength through discipline! Strength through community! Strength through action!” (29), they echo the dictatorial creed that “might makes right,” or that the stronger have a duty to dominate the weaker.
The symbol of The Wave is generically evocative, but under mild scrutiny, it doesn’t cohere as a logical, galvanizing image with a concrete aim. Ben says, “A wave is a pattern of change. It has movement, direction, and impact. From now on, our community, our movement will be known as The Wave” (43). However, waves, in any of their various forms, don’t want. Waves don’t achieve. They’re motiveless because they’re mindless.
Ben’s wife, Christy, comments that he has created a monster. This recalls Victor Frankenstein and the horrors that ruined his life after he created his own monster. Ben still thinks he’s running an academic exercise, but Robert shows that he’s taking it seriously, especially the moment when he rebukes Laurie for speaking out against The Wave by scoffing at the membership cards. Christy’s sense of unease is similar to that of Mrs. Saunders, who speaks bluntly when she tells Laurie, “The popular thing is not always the right thing” (51), and these words support The Importance of Individuality as a theme. She can see the potential for manipulation and indoctrination, even though she can also accept that those are probably not Ben Ross’s motivations.
David’s decision to introduce The Wave to the football team foreshadows their losing a game despite their allegiance to The Wave. This reflects how even though Nazis in the early 20th century saw sports as an arena to demonstrate Aryan superiority, many of their most accomplished athletes met defeat by athletes whose races they deemed inferior, thematically highlighting The Lessons of the Past. Christy sounds the most significant alarm when she notes that Ben talks about his students as if they’re superior to the rest of the student body. This sense of superiority, combined with the recruitment imitative and a duty to demonstrate strength and power, is a classic facet of intimidation and totalitarianism. Christy realizes that if the students begin to act on their sense of superiority, encouraged by her charismatic husband, none of them can guess what the result might be.
By Todd Strasser