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65 pages 2 hours read

Kathi Appelt

The Underneath

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2008

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Chapters 1-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

A small calico cat, abandoned by her owners, walks from the road she was left on into the forest. She feels lonely and forlorn. Finding an abandoned nest on the ground, she curls up in it. She’s pregnant and purrs to her unborn kittens.

Chapter 2 Summary

A mile away stands an enormous pine tree, which was more than 1,000 years old when it was struck by lightning in a storm 25 years earlier. This killed the tree, but it still stands. Trees have long memories of the storms of years gone by.

This area of the forest is called Little Sorrowful Creek.

Chapter 3 Summary

Under the roots of the dead pine tree is a jar containing an ancient creature. The jar is becoming loosened from among the tangled roots.

Chapter 4 Summary

The cat hears the baying of a hound. She follows the direction from which the song is coming.

An illustration depicts a small cat in a dense forest of tall trees. The cat’s focus is directed at a site beyond the illustration.

Chapter 5 Summary

Although a cat would ordinarily be afraid of a dog, the cat feels drawn to this hound because of its beautiful and sorrowful song. She approaches a run-down house and finds the hound chained to the back porch. She rubs against his legs.

Chapter 6 Summary

Twenty-five years earlier, a boy prowled the neighborhoods of south Houston. The boy’s father was a cruel drunk. His mother, who was kind and gentle, left after her son poisoned her bird bath; he laughed as she sorrowfully held the body of a dead cardinal bird. The boy trapped a rat in a crab trap and watched as it starved. He was indifferent to his mother’s departure. His father struck him across the face; his jaw never closed properly again. He took his father’s rifle and left, walking 300 miles to the forest around Little Sorrowful Creek.

The man, known as Gar Face, still lives in the forest. He’s still bitter and cruel.

Chapter 7 Summary

The hound is shocked and moved that the cat approached him. The cat licks his ears, and they touch noses. The hound knows that she has understood his song.

Chapter 8 Summary

The woods in far East Texas, where Little Sorrowful Creek is located, are dense and wet. In the woods are turtles, dangerous snakes, and alligators.

West of Little Sorrowful Creek is the Bayou Tartine and a smaller adjacent bayou, the Petite Tartine. Between these waterways are marshlands, swamps, and quicksand. The narrative warns to stay away from this area.

Chapter 9 Summary

Gar Face lives off beavers, foxes, rabbits, and skunks that he catches and eats. He has immense respect for alligators, which fear no one. While poling on the bayou, he sees a huge whirlpool and thinks he sees a 100-foot-long alligator within it. He feels the word “respect” floating through his consciousness. He vows to be back. Gar Face, desperate for respect, wants to kill the Alligator King.

An illustration depicts Gar Face poling in dark water between trees. Below his small boat is an enormous, twisting alligator.

Chapter 10 Summary

The hound’s name is Ranger. He belongs to Gar Face. He points out the skinned pelts of animals, warning the cat about Gar Face. Gar Face shot Ranger instead of a bobcat years earlier; now Ranger is chained to the porch, his only function to bark when anything comes nears. He’s miserable; the bullet is still lodged in his leg. Ranger wants the cat to be safe—he knows that Gar Face would probably use her for target practice or for alligator bait—but can’t bear for her to go. She says that she has nowhere to go. They hide under the house together.

An illustration depicts Ranger and the cat lying in the dark underneath the house.

Chapter 11 Summary

Only the trees keep records in the forgotten forest of Little Sorrowful Creek. They don’t count in years, but if they did, the 100-foot alligator may have been alive for 1,000 years. As a young alligator, it was wily and avoided being eaten by the bigger alligators or the birds. As a larger alligator, it eats both large and small pray with terrifying ease and efficiency. The only ones who know that the Alligator King rules the bayou are the other alligators and the birds, as well as the creature in the jar. The Alligator King whispers, “Soon, my sister. Your time will come” (28).

In the jar, Grandmother blinks. She’s far older than the Alligator King.

Chapter 12 Summary

Ranger is a bloodhound; he can hear and smell all that goes on around him. In particular, he hears the coming and going of Gar Face’s truck. He hears the cat’s purrs and decides that they’re the sweetest noise he has ever heard. He realizes his loneliness before this point. He tells the cat about being a puppy; his mother taught him to bay at the moon and to follow scents on the ground. The cat tells Ranger about playing as a kitten with her brothers and sisters, before she was taken to the pound and then abandoned by her family.

The cat gives birth to two kittens: a boy and a girl, both silver. They climb over Ranger. He watches them lovingly.

An illustration depicts Ranger lying on the ground beneath the house, with the two kittens climbing over him. The cat watches them.

Chapter 13 Summary

The other trees whisper that Grandmother is waking up. The jar continues to loosen in the roots of the rotting tree.

Chapter 14 Summary

For 10,000 years, Grandmother sailed along on the currents of the open ocean. She’s the cousin of mermaids and seafolk. She swam into the pine forest and fell in love with the darkness of the trees and the snakes, who hailed her as their sister. She became known as Grandmother Moccasin.

Chapter 15 Summary

The Alligator King has eaten a dozen turtles, a giant bullfrog, a mink, and several fish. He’s always hungry. The narrative warns to “beware,” as he prefers “the creatures of the land” (37).

Chapter 16 Summary

Ranger names the kittens. He calls the female kitten Sabine, after the Sabine river, which Ranger remembers visiting as a puppy. He calls the male Puck because of his puckish ways.

Chapter 17 Summary

The trees pass along word of the new son and daughter. It reaches Grandmother. She remembers when she had a daughter; that daughter was taken from her while she slept. She thrashes in her jar, vowing that “a price will be paid” for this injustice (40).

Chapter 18 Summary

Puck and Sabine know only the underneath of the house, where they play in an old boot, as well as fishing crates, bottles, and boxes. Ranger and their mother sternly tell them not to leave the safety of the underneath; they fear what Gar Face would do to the kittens.

On the days that Gar Face remembers to feed Ranger, the cat eats with him once Gar Face has gone. On the days that Gar Face doesn’t feed Ranger, the cat hunts rats or lizards and brings them back for Ranger. Ranger longs to roam free in the forest again.

Chapter 19 Summary

Grandmother is still beneath the rotting tree, which has been home to so many animals throughout its life.

Chapter 20 Summary

Grandmother Moccasin remembers napping and hunting with Alligator King, whom she called brother. While the forest has millions of snakes, it has no other lamia; which is what Grandmother is: half serpent, half human.

Grandmother once lived in the world of humans; she became a human and took a human man as a lover, but he betrayed her. She slipped into the Aegean Sea and took her animal form.

Centuries later, another man—one who had coppery feathers in his hair betrayed her when he stole her daughter.

Chapter 21 Summary

Years earlier, Gar Face stumbled into the woods as a hungry and desperate boy. He used his last shot on a deer. He hit it but it managed to run away. Desperate and angry, Gar Face stumbled after the deer in the dark. He’d all but given up when he finally came across it, dying. He laughed happily, knowing that he’d eat that night. Grandmother, in her jar, whispered that there is a price.

Chapter 22 Summary

The cat now has to hunt for her babies as well; her milk is no longer enough for them. She knows that soon she’ll have to teach them how to hunt but dreads and fears the day she leaves the safety of the Underneath.

Chapter 23 Summary

The kittens play happily in the Underneath. Stalking each other and hiding among the objects, they pretend that they’re mountain lions and snow leopards.

Chapter 24 Summary

A thousand years earlier, life was almost perfect for Grandmother Moccasin, except that she was lonely. She heard the humans nearby and envied their companionship.

One day, a small snakelet called to her: “mother!” The snakelet smelled like her, but more like the open sea rather than the piney woods. Grandmother’s heart sung with happiness as she curled herself around her long-lost daughter.

Chapter 25 Summary

Grandmother called her daughter Night Song. She didn’t know where Night Song came from, but she also didn’t know where she herself came from. Sometimes they napped on the back of the large alligator. Night Song sang beautiful lullabies for the forest. She and Grandmother lived happily together—and might have continued living happily together forever.

The Alligator King senses that Grandmother will return.

Chapters 1-25 Analysis

The narrative establishes the setting of the beautiful yet dangerous area of Little Sorrowful Creek through vivid imagery, which conveys the sensory experience of stepping into the dense and waterlogged forest. The piney woods are “wet and steamy,” the sky is visible only in “small blue puzzle pieces, blocked by the ancient trees” (17). These woods are riddled with “sluggish bayous and tumbling creeks” filled with “the venomous crew” (17) of snakes and the song of crawdads, as well as turtles and alligators. The story personifies the trees as the observers of all that goes on in the ancient forest: “Trees are the keepers of stories” (3). The author uses this language to introduce the theme of The Mystery and Power of the Forest.

In addition, she establishes Cruelty to Animals as another important theme. The book’s exposition depicts the loneliness of the cat who enters the forest after being abandoned on the road. Appelt suggests that a creature who has been loved and then forsaken is the loneliest of all things: “There is nothing lonelier than a cat who has been loved, at least for a while, and then abandoned on the side of the road” (1). This echoes the story of Ranger, who was loved by his mother but was stolen by the cruel Gar Face, a cruel and neglectful owner.

The affinity between the animals stems from their shared experiences of abandonment and loneliness. The cat identifies the inherent sadness in Ranger’s song, because she shares this emotional experience: “If she could bay, her song would be the same” (11). Ranger, too, immediately recognizes their affinity and connection: “Here was someone who understood his song” (16). Because of their affinity toward each other, they become companions. Symbolically, the cat touches her nose to Ranger’s: “She touched his brown nose with her small pink one” (16), characterizing their bond. Further characterizing their relationship are the songs of the trees, who are personified as watchers and messengers of the forest; they sing about the “hound, tied to a post” and “how he found a friend” (25).

When the calico cat curls up with Ranger and purrs. Ranger realizes that he adores this “sweet, friendly sound,” as it reminds him that “he [is] no longer alone” (30). Ranger loves the sound of the cat’s purring, and later her kitten’s purring, because it symbolizes the family and the love that he now has, a gift he treasures above all other things. The narrative conveys Ranger’s love for the cat—and her kittens, Sabine and Puck—through a series of similes: “Ranger watched over his cat family like the pharaohs watched over the Nile, like the stars watched over the sleeping Earth, like the beach watched over the sea” (32). These similes denote the ancient and immovable nature of Ranger’s devotion, which is likened to powerful and eternal forces of nature in that it’s everlasting and absolute. The narrative alludes to the theme of The Importance of Family here: Ranger’s new family redefines his role in life and brings him immeasurable joy and purpose.

As opposed to the cat and Ranger, whom the story characterizes as loving and devoted creatures, Gar Face is shown as unerringly cruel and wicked. The narrative warns, “Beware this cruel boy, this boy of darkness” who laughed at the bird he poisoned and at his distraught mother as she held it (13). This anecdote characterizes Gar Face as wicked and motivated to cause pain and distress in others because it makes him feel powerful and brings him joy. His father deepened Gar Face’s immersion in cruelty because he savagely beat the boy, which disfigured him for life, earning him his nickname, and caused “hatred, like sweat” to “coat his skin” (13). This metaphor illustrates how Gar Face’s hatred of his father accentuates his inherent cruelty, sticking to him and therefore becoming a part of him.

Narrative suspense builds because the loving and vulnerable family of cats are hiding so close to Gar Face, who delights in killing animals torturously. Further tension builds for the fate of the vulnerable kittens given the myriad dangers in the forest. The cat considers the fact that her kittens will need to learn to hunt soon, which will involve their venturing into the Open; she knows that “as soon as they did, they would be perfect prey for any number of hawks, coyotes, and even raccoons” (55). The idea of her kittens leaving the safety of the Underneath “frighten[s] her” (54) and creates a sense of dread.

Adding to the concern for the kittens’ safety is the description of the Alligator King, who is “always hungry. Always” (37). The repetition of “always” builds tension; the narrative conveys that the Alligator King’s massive appetite, and therefore his desire for killing, knows no bounds. Ominously, the narrative further warns that “he prefers creatures of the land” (37), implying the inherent risks for the cats of hunting in the forest.

Foreshadowing an encounter between Gar Face and the Alligator King, when Gar Face is poling on the bayou and spots the Alligator King, he feels inherent respect for the creature: “Respect buzzed in his ears, like a thousand hungry mosquitoes. He swatted at his face and neck, but couldn’t shoo away the hissing sound” (20). The feeling of respect is unfamiliar and unpleasant to Gar Face, who usually feels indiscriminate disrespect for all animals and people; hence it metaphorically buzzes around him like mosquitos, irritating but undeniable. After considering this feeling of respect, it occurs to Gar Face that “he want[s] it” (20). He realizes that he’ll feel respected if he kills the Alligator King, and he vows, “I’ll be back” (20). The Alligator King provides the ultimate challenge, in that he’s an immense creature that Gar Face wants to kill and therefore conquer; this will allow him to feel self-respect.

In addition, the narrative introduces Grandmother Moccasin, characterizing her as a mysterious and dangerous creature. Her ancientness is evident in the fact that she has been “trapped for a thousand years” but is “older than that, much older” (35). Her lover who lived by the Aegean sea establishes Grandmother Moccasin as affiliated with ancient Greece and its mythology, which her being a lamia, a mythological combination of snake and woman, confirms. Furthermore, Grandmother Moccasin is a “cousin to the mermaids” and swam in the seven seas for “ten thousand years” (35). Foreshadowing her emergence from her jar throughout these chapters is the slow death of the old tree above: “Little by little, the jar, the old jar that is trapped beneath its roots, is coming loose” (34).

Furthermore, Grandmother’s retribution is insinuated in her whispers: “There’s a prrriiccee” (53), she hissed when she saw Gar Face kill a deer 25 years earlier. When she hears of the births of the kittens from the trees; she whispers that “a price will be paid” (40), reflecting on the death of her own daughter, Night Song. Through these anecdotes, tension builds toward the moment when Grandmother Moccasin is freed, hinting that she’ll seek violent revenge.

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