The Theory of Moral Sentiments

According to Smith, why do we ourselves perform moral acts?

How do the concepts of “sympathy” and “the impartial spectator” work together to inform our moral conduct?

Francis Hutcheson, Smith’s teacher at the University of Glasgow, posited the existence of a “moral sense,” akin to the other senses, by which we perceive good and are inclined to act accordingly. On the other hand, David Hume, Smith’s friend and fellow philosopher, argued that human beings are driven almost entirely by their passions and thus are inclined to act in accordance with their own self-interest. In his own theory of moral sentiments, to what extent does Smith accept, modify, or reject the theories of Hutcheson and Hume?

How does Smith’s faith in God influence his moral philosophy? Analyze specific passages from the text to help develop your response.

Why do you think Smith regards magnanimity as a “great and exalted virtue” (33)?

How does The Theory of Moral Sentiments lay the foundation for Smith’s later and more famous book, An Inquiry into the Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)?

How and why does Smith criticize Bernard Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees (1706)?

According to Smith, what is virtue, and why do we approve of it?