51 pages • 1 hour read
Julie OtsukaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Things begin to change for the swimmers when a small crack appears on the pool floor. It doesn’t grow or change for several days, yet its outsized influence on the pool patrons sets the tone for the crack’s symbolic relevance in the story. Some swimmers avoid the crack or refuse to acknowledge it, while others gawk at it. Their conjectures about the crack’s implications range from carefree dismissal to predictions of catastrophe. Anxiety permeates the group’s psyche. Nobody is daring enough to dive to the bottom of the pool to inspect the crack. The questions the swimmers ask themselves and each other about it reflect existential questions about life: “Is the crack brief or enduring? Banal or profound? […] Why us?” (38).
According to the pool’s Aquatics Director, experts are looking into the matter. No water is leaking from the pool, and the foundation beneath them remains sound. The swimmers attempt to figure out who saw the crack first, but nobody remembers being the first to notice it. The swimmers go about their lives aboveground, but something feels off. They’re distracted by thoughts of the crack and what it means. Their loved ones begin to worry as the swimmers become distant and forgetful. They begin to view the crack as a consequence of their actions, a punishment for their sins—their petty complaining, selfishness, and procrastination—all the daily sources of human guilt and shame.
Ten days after the crack appears, various scientists weigh in with opinions and theories about what caused it and what will come of it, but they have no real answers. This uncertainty pushes two of the swimmers to leave for good. More experts get involved, but as testing rules out one theory after another, they can only confirm what did not cause the crack. Professional advice from each expert contradicts advice from other experts, leaving those affected with no real guidance. The swimmers use the pool’s suggestion box to submit their own theories and opinions. These range from “stigmata” to “a joke” to “a sign from on high that our time below is up” (44). The aboveground community’s opinions, conspiracy theories, and explanations also span the breadth of human imagination.
Amid the chaos caused by the crack, more of the swimmers opt to leave permanently, finding the activity less tranquil and enjoyable than it once was. As time goes on with no changes to the crack and no observable effects from it, anxieties begin to ease. Worries about the crack gradually dominate their attention less and less. They come to see it as a minor intrusion they’ve learned to live with. Some even view it as a source of excitement, a sign that they’re special, a blessing. By the middle of summer, the novelty of the crack has worn off. The swimmers are so accustomed to it that they no longer see it, and their attention is finally diverted by other topics and events.
When the swimmers eventually notice the crack has disappeared, they miss it. They feel guilty that they took it for granted. Their speculations about the reason for its disappearance—it got tired of them; it left for a more desirable body of water; suicide—imbue the crack with human motives. Before long, the actual cause of its disappearance—an experimental repair—fails, and the crack reappears. The swimmers are relieved but concerned because the crack seems somehow different. When three additional cracks appear, fear and paranoia return in full force. The number of cracks rises to seven, including a vertical crack. Experts still claim no immediate action is required, but the swimmers can’t help but wonder what they can or should be doing about it. As more and more swimmers leave, those who remain are afraid all the time. Rumor-fueled conspiracies help keep that fear going. In their lives outside the pool, they’re suffering, so distracted they can barely function.
In August, an announcement declares the usual 10-day closure will be extended to two weeks to drain the pool and inspect the cracks. Then the proposed length of the closure changes to three weeks, then four. Finally, an emergency town hall meeting is held, at which the Aquatics Director announces they’ve ruled out every imaginable explanation for the cracks. He says they may never know what caused them, but in an abundance of caution, the pool will be closed permanently.
Some of the swimmers feel a sense of relief because the waiting and uncertainty are finally over. Now, they feel, they can move on. Most, however, react with sadness, disappointment, and disbelief. The pool remains open for the time being, with its closure scheduled for the end of August. The swimmers try to enjoy it while they can. Their interactions are friendlier and their actions less selfish in that final month, as the dissolution of their community looms. Outside the pool, everything feels false, like a pretend version of their lives. Though the swimmers try to take the imminent closure of the pool in stride, they still experience moments of cynicism and despair.
Several of the swimmers try other pools, but they find something wrong with all of them, no matter how minor the difference. For a while, they can’t quite believe the pool will really close. Something will happen in the nick of time, they sense, to avert that outcome. They imagine how their own actions might save the pool. For example, one swimmer thinks if he abstains from alcohol, the pool won’t close. These views give way to feelings of hopelessness and a sense that they have no control over their lives.
Optimists in the group view the pool’s closure as the impetus they need to live more fully aboveground, to do all the things they’ve wanted to do but haven’t. Adherence to the rules breaks down among them as a “who cares” attitude develops. When the lifeguard blows his whistle and yells “everybody out” for the final time, the swimmers are forced to let go of a major part of their lives. Alice is the last one out of the water. Her emergence into the world above transitions the narrative into Part 3.
Part 2 delves deeper into the complexities of identity and its relationship with perceived reality through the continued use of first-person plural point of view. The narrating group of swimmers expresses their theories about the crack without completely separating from the communal identity, but each theory reflects a worldview shaped by individual circumstances and experiences. Industry values are a good example of such influencing circumstances. The swimmer who works as a medical claims adjuster echoes the values embraced by the insurance industry when she calls the crack “a preexisting condition that didn’t happen on our watch,” and therefore considers it “[n]ot our problem” (44). None of the swimmers seem to recognize the transference of their own perspectives onto a concrete physical object, bringing into focus the subjective nature of perceived reality.
A satiric tone comes into play in Part 2. Otsuka incorporates humor and labels the experts in this section with pretentious titles that mock their inability to provide answers or consistent guidance. The only people who might have been considered experts when it came to the pool in Part 1 were the lifeguard and the Aquatics Director. In Part 2, however, contradicting theories and advice pour in from people with titles like “Aquatics Task Force Advisor” (42), “Environmental Health and Water Quality Supervisor” (45), “chief environmental degradation expert” (60), and “water shapes failure engineer” (60).
Otsuka’s authorial style in Part 2 is also characterized by moments of topicality. For example, a group of people who have never been to the pool nevertheless insist that the crack is a shared delusion of the swimmers. Otsuka calls them “a small but vocal minority of aboveground nonswimmers (the crack deniers)” (46). Their mass psychogenic illness theory can be viewed as an allusion to conspiracy theories denying the reality of the COVID-19 pandemic beginning in 2020. The phrase “crack deniers” also brings to mind the frequently referenced “election deniers” in the wake of the 2020 US presidential election.
Though the crack’s function in the story is mainly symbolic, the swimmers’ personification of the crack acts as a form of characterization. Their explanations for its appearance—and its disappearance—imbue the crack with human actions and motives. When the crack reappears, for example, they say it seems like it’s winking, frailer, “a tad more beaten down. It’s lost some steam,” or that it migrated north because it wanted to be closer to the drain (55). This personification of the crack further demonstrates humans’ inability to see the world objectively.
The concept of mental health plays a large role in Part 2. The disruption the crack causes in the community and the swimmers’ lives evidences not only human discomfort with uncertainty but the deleterious effects it can have on mental well-being and resilience. The swimmers begin to blame themselves for the crack: “[S]everal of us worry that the crack might somehow be our own fault. We feel ashamed of it, as though it were a blemish, a defect, an indelible flaw, a moral stain upon our soul that we have brought upon ourselves” (41). Their reactions of guilt and shame may appear silly in this context—a crack at the bottom of the pool obviously was not caused by them complaining too much or not being nice enough. Yet this false causality they perceive between their failings and a random negative event demonstrates the power of guilt and shame to outweigh logic and diminish health and happiness.
False causality develops into magical thinking. The American Psychological Association defines magical thinking as the belief that events or the behavior of others can be influenced by one’s thoughts, wishes, or rituals. It is a common symptom of thought disorders, like schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Some of the swimmers believe adherence to certain rituals will stop the pool from being closed: “If I swim sixty-four laps in under twenty-eight minutes then we’ll be given an extra month” (70). While this example of magical thinking could be viewed as delusional, in this context, it’s more likely a manifestation of grief.
The five stages of grief comprise a widely embraced model describing people’s psychological response to a significant loss, like the death of a loved one. The five stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. Swimming laps and abstaining from alcohol are two of the swimmers’ bargaining chips. Other swimmers feel sure something, or someone, will intervene and prevent the pool closure, or they simply refuse to believe this can be happening. They’re in the denial stage. Yolanda, who says, “Everything is loss” (70), is in the depression stage. When the lifeguard blows the whistle for the final time, the swimmers’ responses are reminiscent of those seen with any significant loss. Their grief is real, but they are powerless to change anything. As they come to recognize this, they move into the acceptance stage, though Alice takes the longest to get there.
By Julie Otsuka
Asian American & Pacific Islander...
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