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Rupi KaurA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In poetry, a symbol is a word or phrase that signifies an object which also stands for or suggests something else, something beyond itself. Flowers are symbolic in the way they are used in the book’s five-chapter framework, which refers to their life cycle over the seasons. The five stages they go through are described in the respective chapter titles as wilting, falling, rooting, rising, and blooming. The symbolic meaning is that this life cycle also refers to the stages in human life in general and the speaker’s life in particular. Wilting and falling (Chapters 1 and 2, respectively), symbolize the travails of the speaker as she deals with the emotional fallout from the ending of her romantic relationship. Rooting, which in the life cycle of flowers signifies the stage when the flower seeds are buried in the earth, symbolically represents the stage in the speaker’s life when she dug down into her own roots, in terms of family, ancestors, and culture. This was the seed that enabled her to grow more fully as a woman and to put the previous stages behind her. The fourth and fifth stages in the life cycle of flowers—rising and blooming—symbolize the speaker’s discovery of new love and her emergence as a fully developed, emotionally healthy, and “blooming” woman who is able to offer support and compassion to other women and to the world as a whole. This cycle is explicitly described in the poem that begins with “this is the recipe of life” (114), in which the speaker’s mother draws her attention to what she can learn from the flowers that she plants every year in her garden.
Like the flowers, the sun is also symbolic. The sun, as all humans experience, is the source of light and warmth and plays a vital role in the life cycle of plants, animals, and humans. Often in literature and art, the sun symbolizes glory and majesty, but in the sun and her flowers, the sun symbolizes love, mostly love between a man and a woman, as represented by the speaker and her romantic partner. The sun symbolizes the pinnacle of love, in which two people are blissfully happy together. As the untitled poem in Chapter 4 expresses it,
when you are
full
and i am
full
we are two suns (183).
(Their fullness is such that the word “full” can fill up an entire line just by itself—twice.) In contrast, the absence of the sun symbolizes the absence of love, as the untitled two-line poem in Chapter 1 states: “you took the sun with you / when you left” (35).
Self-empowerment is a motif, or recurring element, which appears throughout the book. The speaker yearns for freedom and independence; she does not want to be subject to the whims or desires of others. In Chapter 1, when she is grieving her loss, this yearning makes only a faint appearance, but it is observable, nonetheless. In “what love looks like” (30-33), which describes a session with her therapist, she tries out various definitions of love (“love is giving all we can” [33], for example) and concludes that “love is knowing whom to choose” (33), a statement that might be said to initiate her quest for self-empowerment: the need to make good choices.
The glimmer of self-empowerment can also be sensed in the poem that follows “not your hobby,” in which the speaker asserts, “I have too many miracles / happening inside me / to be your convenient option” (34). Although it is hard for her when she experiences her loss so acutely (“your absence is a missing limb” [44]), even then she knows the right question to ask: “how do i turn around and choose myself” (from the poem that begins with “where do we go from here my love” [49]). The soon-to-emerge stronger self can be heard again in Chapter 2, when the speaker states in the poem that begins with “you were mine,” that even though she has lost her beloved, “my life is full” (83). If self-empowerment involves developing qualities such as self-understanding, self-reliance, self-awareness, and self-confidence, she is inching her way toward it. She knows that it is a long process: “there is no end point / […] healing is everyday work” (poem that begins with “I woke up thinking that the work was done” [110]). In “self-love,” she rids herself of negative, self-limiting words and actions, the “i can’ts. i won’ts. i am not good enoughs” (105). In the untitled three-line poem “I will welcome / a partner / who is my equal” (159), she asserts her own worth, an act of self-empowerment. She also knows that only when she realizes her own self-sufficiency will she be able to uplift other women and offer love to the entire world. Thus, in “what is the greatest lesson a woman should learn,” the speaker states in answer to the question posed that the lesson is, “since day one / she’s already had everything she needs within herself” (233).
Beauty
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Canadian Literature
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Earth Day
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Family
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Fear
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Forgiveness
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Grief
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Guilt
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Hate & Anger
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Loyalty & Betrayal
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Memory
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Mental Illness
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New York Times Best Sellers
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Pride & Shame
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Romance
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Safety & Danger
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Trust & Doubt
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Truth & Lies
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Women's Studies
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