90 pages • 3 hours read
Ernest HemingwayA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
The next day brings rain and fog, and more bad weather rolls in from the sea. Still, in Pamplona, the party feverishly continues. Jake is shaving in his room when Montoya enters. Montoya, looking embarrassed, tells him that the American ambassador wants to meet Romero for coffee. Jake tells him not to pass the invite along to Romero. Montoya feels pleased because he was worried that the Americans might have a bad influence on the young bullfighter.
Jake finds Bill and Mike in the hotel dining room; they are already drunk. Bill keeps paying to have Mike’s shoes shined. Romero comes over from the neighboring table. Jake compliments Romero’s bullfighting style, which pleases Romero. Romero talks a bit about his past. He is from a town near Gibraltar, where he learned some English. He’s only been bullfighting for three years. His older brother is with him in Pamplona.
Jake lies to Romero and tells him that he has seen him fight three times. Romero talks about his bullfighting work in a way that shows “nothing conceited or braggartly about him” (178).
From the next table, Brett asks to be introduced to Romero. She keeps staring at him. They drink brandy and Jake introduces Romero to the whole group. Mike is very drunk and continues to shout, “Tell him the bulls have no balls!” (180). Romero and Brett hold their own conversation. Montoya walks over and appears upset when he sees Romero drinking with the group. He walks away. In a disingenuous vein, Mike proposes a toast to Romero, who takes the salute at face value and then leaves.
Mike turns his anger back toward Cohn and tells him he isn’t wanted there. Cohn brushes off the criticism and even seems to be enjoying it. Mike tries to fight Cohn, but Jake stops him. They go outside. Brett and Bill join them to watch the fireworks, but the wind continues to knock the fireworks down. They are joined by Edna, Bill’s friend from Biarritz, and go into a small, empty dive bar. Mike flirts with Edna, and Bill tells him to stop. The three of them walk out of the bar and Brett decides to stay. Cohn says he’ll stay with her, but she tells him to leave. Cohn leaves, and Jake and Brett discuss Cohn’s poor behavior. They go for a walk and see Cohn out on the street. They avoid him, and both say that they hate him.
She asks Jake if he still loves her and he says he does. She then says, “I’m a goner. I’m mad about the Romero boy. I’m in love with him, I think” (187). Jake tells her to try to resist this feeling, but she says she can’t help it. She asks him to help her find Romero.
They track down Romero in a café, where he sits with bullfighters and critics. Jake and Brett take their own table and Romero comes over to them; Jake can see Romero’s interest in Brett. Brett takes Romero’s hand and reads his fortune. Romero says he knows that he will never die. He says he usually doesn’t let people know that he speaks English because it looks bad for a bullfighter. Jake gets up to leave, exchanging an understanding look with Romero. Twenty minutes later, when Jake returns to the café, Brett and Romero are gone.
Jake finds Bill, Mike, and Edna. Inside the bar, Edna has broken up several altercations involving Mike and Bill, who want to fight Englishmen. Bill departs. At a different café, Cohn asks Jake about Brett’s whereabouts. Jake says he doesn’t know, but Cohn doesn’t believe him. Jake insists he doesn’t have to tell Cohn “a damn thing” (194). Mike tells Cohn that Brett’s gone off with Romero. Cohn tells Jake to validate this story, and Jake tells him to go to hell. Cohn calls Jake a pimp and repeatedly punches him, knocking him out. Cohn leaves, and Mike assists Jake. Edna tells Jake that Cohn also knocked down Mike.
When Jake walks away alone, everything around him looks different. The feeling reminds him of a childhood experience in which he was kicked in the head during a football game. He returns to the hotel and sees Bill, who tells him Cohn wants to see him. Jake begrudgingly goes to Cohn’s room. Cohn lies on the bed, crying. He begs for Jake’s forgiveness and says he plans to leave in the morning. He says he lived with Brett in San Sebastian and can’t stand the way she treats him now. He again askes Jake to forgive him and Jake says, “Sure. It’s all right” (198).
In the morning Jake wakes with a headache but remembers he told Edna he’d take her to see the running of the bulls through the street. He doesn’t manage to meet up with Edna, but he knows she is with Bill. He finds a spot next to a fence and watches the runners and the bulls pass by. One man is gored.
Jake goes to a café and tells the waiter about the man who was gored. The waiter doesn’t understand why people run with the bulls. The waiter finds out that the gored man has died and shares this information with Jake. The man was a young farmer who had a wife and children. Later that day, Romero kills the bull that killed the farmer. As part of a custom, Romero gives the bull’s ear to Brett.
That afternoon, Jake goes back to his hotel room and lies down. His jaw is very sore. Bill and Mike enter his room. They watched the bulls enter the corral and attack spectators. They tell Jake that, after Cohn knocked him out, he went to Romero’s room, where he found Brett. He then brutally beat up “the poor, bloody bull-fighter” (205). Cohn broke down and tried to shake hands with Romero and Brett. Romero kept getting up and trying to attack Cohn, but Cohn kept knocking him down, though he couldn’t manage to knock him out. Eventually Cohn would no longer hit Romero, and he let Romero punch him as hard as he could.
Mike starts drinking even harder than he has been. His hands are shaky. He leaves and says he will try to sleep. Through the wall, the others can hear Mike; he’s ordering more beer and brandy to his room. Jake tells Bill that a man was gored to death.
On the last day of the fiesta, the party still goes strong. At a café, Brett walks up to the group. She lifts a beer and her hand shakes. She tells them that Cohn has badly hurt Romero. Still, he will be able to fight. Mike gives her grief about her relationships with Romero and Cohn. He tips over the table, and all their food and drinks crash to the ground.
Jake walks off with Brett. She asks him to go to the fight with her. They go into a chapel, so she can pray for Romero, but it makes her nervous and they leave. She expresses how happy she is about Romero.
They go back to the hotel. She walks straight into Romero’s room without knocking; Jake goes into Mike’s room. He sees empty bottles next to the bed, and Mike looks “like a death mask of himself” (214). Mike slurs words and goes to sleep.
Jake and Bill have lunch. Brett joins them and they go to the bullring. They sit ringside and watch the preparation for the fights. Down in the ring are three fighters: Romero, Belmonte, and Marcial. Even at a distance, Romero’s face looks “badly marked.” The president takes his seat. Romero takes off his cape and passes it up to Brett.
Belmonte, a legendary fighter who is famous for working close to the bulls and has recently come out of retirement, is the first to fight. When he fights post-retirement, Belmonte insists that his bulls are not too big and do not have particularly dangerous horns. The crowd sees him as a cheater, and they jeer him. The crowd’s disappointment with Belmonte makes them feel more favorable toward Romero. It seems that, whenever possible, Romero works in front of Brett, but he doesn’t look up at her.
Romero does his first quite directly below Jake and Brett. During the quite, the three bullfighters “take the bull in turn after each charge he makes at a picador” (220). Belmonte and Marcial each have their turns. Romero has his turn and gracefully draws the bull. It charges, and the picador stabs the bull’s shoulder. Romero offers the bull his cape and the bull again charges. They repeat this process, and Romero continues to work close to the bull. Romero knows that the bull has poor vision, as does the crowd, but he makes up for this defect by turning in a mesmerizing performance, using his body instead of the cape to draw the bull close to him. Foreigners in the crowd who aren’t aficionados think that Romero is scared, but Jake understands that Romero is in full control. The bull charges for a last time, and Romero kills it.
Romero’s last bull is a good one. He handles it expertly. The crowd feels entranced by his performance, and they don’t want it to end. Romero kills the bull on his terms. He gives its ear to Brett. Romero tries to escape through the adoring crowd, but they hoist him up and carry him away through the gate. Jake, Brett, and Bill go back to the hotel. In the dining room, Belmonte enters. He remains quiet.
Jake and Bill go to a café to drink absinthe. The last hours of the festival draw huge crowds of drinkers and dancers. Fireworks are being prepared. They talk about Cohn, who has left Pamplona. Jake feels “like hell” and Bill gets him to drink many absinthes to “get over (his) damn depression” (227). Jake gets very drunk. He goes back to the hotel. He enters Brett’s room, and Mike tells him that Brett has left on the train with Romero.
Jake goes to his room. The party continues, but it doesn’t mean anything to him. Bill and Mike come to get him; he pretends like he’s sleeping, so they leave him alone. Jake gets up and goes to the balcony and watches the dancers. He goes downstairs and meets Bill and Mike and it “seems[s] as though about six people (are) missing” (228).
Montoya and Jake both want to protect Romero from corrupting influences. They consider him a heroic bullfighter, and they must take the measures necessary to keep seeing him as such. Brett’s pursuit of Romero complicates their desire to maintain his innocence. Montoya would prefer that Brett stayed away from Romero, but because he greatly respects Jake as an aficionado, and because Brett is Jake’s friend, Montoya won’t insist that Romero avoid her. Jake doesn’t try to stop Brett and Romero’s relationship; if Jake can’t be with her, he’d rather she be with this heroic figure than with one of their drunkard companions. Jake often seems fatalistic; he figures he can do nothing to influence anyone’s choices.
Tensions with Cohn finally come to a head in this section. At the café, when Brett invites herself over to meet Romero, Mike immediately puts his jealousy on display, yelling that “the bulls have no balls” (179). When Romero departs, Mike redirects his anger at Cohn, even though Cohn has done nothing at the table to provoke him. Cohn enjoys the taunting, taking pleasure in Mike’s jealousy of Romero. Cohn can empathize with Mike’s feelings, but because Mike has been so cruel to him, Cohn enjoys observing Mike’s tormented state.
On a long walk, Jake and Brett discuss their hatred of Cohn. They both consider Cohn’s neediness of Brett to be pathetic. Jake, too, needs Brett, but he doesn’t act it out in the way that Cohn does. Brett finds insecurity off-putting: Because Jake doesn’t display his insecurities like Cohn does, Brett still respects him. Cohn also attacks Romero, who appears badly injured from the fight. He no longer embodies innocent masculinity, as he did before meeting Brett.
In Chapter 17, Cohn acts like he’s entitled to know Brett’s whereabouts. When he doesn’t get what he wants, he resorts to violence and knocks Jake out. After being knocked out by Cohn, Jake is more observant of his “new and changed” surroundings (196). His memory shoots back to a childhood experience, a connection to a time of innocence. He felt guilty and deserving of Cohn’s punishment, but now he feels a sense of atonement.
Just before Brett declares her love for Romero, she asks Jake if he still loves her. He says he does, which puts a spotlight on her emotional manipulation. Brett collects suitors and doesn’t seem to understand that this can hurt her lovers, as it does Mike and Cohn. At first, Jake tells her she shouldn’t pursue Romero, which makes sense, both because he loves her and because he doesn’t want Romero to be corrupted. When she says there’s nothing that she can do about it, Jake understands; fatalism often influences his own decision-making. Out of loyalty to Brett, he helps her track down Romero in a café.
Alcohol use continues within the group. As Mike becomes increasingly angry about Brett’s affair with Romero, his drinking increases. His hand shakes, a sign of withdrawal. He claims he’s going to his room to sleep, but actually goes there to binge drink alone. He shows signs of full-blown alcoholism, and it becomes easier to see why Brett would rather be with Romero: Mike is losing control of himself and there is no indication that he will be able to pull it together. Even in front of the man she is supposed to marry, Brett talks about Romero, underscoring how little she cares about relationships; her insensitivity takes a great toll on Mike and fuels his drinking. Later that day, Jake enters Mike’s room and sees him “looking like a death mask of himself” (214). At this point, it is reasonable to suspect that Mike may not live a long life.
At the café with Bill, Jake says he feels “like hell” (226). Bill tells him to keep drinking as a way to shake off his depression; once again, they use alcohol to numb underlying issues. Very drunk, Jake goes back to the hotel and discovers that Brett has left town with Romero. The party no longer matters to him, which indicates how badly Brett’s departure has left him heartbroken.
At the bullring, Brett focuses on the “professional details,” becoming a true bull-fighting aficionado herself. Her attraction to Romero initially prompts her interest in bullfighting, but now it seems that her genuine passion for bullfighting is furthering her interest in Romero. Romero’s first bull has poor vision, so he has to use his body, rather than his muleta, to entice the bull. This keeps him working especially close to the bull and displaying “grace under pressure,” which Hemingway believed was the definition of courage.
After the fights, Romero gives the bull’s ear to Brett. There is symbolic value in this gesture in that, unlike Mike and Cohn, Romero gives Brett what she wants in a man—passion, confidence, the ability to sexually satisfy—without expecting long-term commitment.
By Ernest Hemingway