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55 pages 1 hour read

Wallace Stegner

The Spectator Bird

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1976

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Part 1, Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section contains references to suicide, rape, incest, and eugenics.

Joe Allston, the novel’s protagonist and narrator, detects signs of a coming storm. He has lived in Northern California for eight years and can tell from the wind, clouds, and behavior of the many birds that nest on his property that a front is on its way from the Pacific. Watching the scattering birds, he reflects that the bush tits are his favorites, possibly because their “sociability” reminds him of how he imagined his retirement would be. In reality, his declining years following his move from the East Coast have been far from serene.

His wife, Ruth, has urged him to organize the many papers, letters, and files amassed during his career as a literary agent to occupy himself and preserve a sort of legacy. Upon first retiring, he thought he might use them to write a “name-dropping” memoir about his role in steering other authors to success and fame, but he has since abandoned even this ambition. In his youth, he aspired to be a writer but chose the path of least resistance: “a talent broker” rather than “a broke talent” (4). He now sees his jumbled files on other writers as the only evidence that he was ever alive.

At age 69, Joe fears that the peace of mind that ought to accompany retirement will always elude him. Bored, bitter, and restless—increasingly haunted by thoughts of his own mortality and inconsequence—he cannot look back with pride on anything he has done. Though for decades a sought-after agent for writers, some of them very successful, he now sees his long career as one in which he never truly engaged with life or did meaningful work. His present, sporadic work on his papers is mostly to “pacify” Ruth, who worries about his depression and looks for ways to keep his mind active. He too nurses some nagging fears about his inevitable mental and physical decline: When he has visited the retirement home where Ruth volunteers, he has come out horrified at the “doddering” life that awaits them both. He notes each new spasm of pain in his toe joints and knees while going about his day-to-day life.

As Joe descends his long driveway to get the mail, he grouses about various pet peeves, such as the deer that scavenge in his yard and gardens, TV newscasters’ mispronunciation of common words, and his many physiological woes, such as his dental issues and his increasing sensitivity to both hot and cold weather. Ruth has admonished that this “faultfinding” only reinforces his choleric mindset and increases the stress in their lives. He acknowledges the truth of this but laments that it is just another of the many “processes” of his old age that are beyond his control.

While resting on a stack of timber to calm his nerves, Joe sees an acquaintance pull up in a convertible: Ben Alexander, a retired doctor who, though 10 years older, radiates a youthful energy that Joe envies. Beside him in the car is Edith Patterson, an attractive neighbor who is about nine years younger than Joe. Edith’s husband, Tom Patterson, is an internationally known architect—another figure of envy and admiration for Joe. Ben has brought Edith over to visit Ruth and allows her to drive his car up to the Allston house while he and Joe talk in the driveway. He tells Joe that Tom’s cancer, which had been in remission, has returned and become terminal.

Ben, though retired, likes to keep tabs on his former patients, and he tells Joe that he has heard about his diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. With Joe’s history of heart disease, it could signal something more serious, but Ben tells him he shouldn’t necessarily worry: “Diseases don’t live up to their full potential any oftener than people do” (12). Ben himself has technically died twice—the two times when his pacemaker was being hooked up—yet is still going strong. The walking stick he uses is fashioned partly from his own hipbone, which he recently had replaced. Joe reflects that Ben has more than lived up to his full potential: From a modest background, he has made himself rich and admired. Important, powerful people, including many celebrities, still come to him for medical advice and to attend his lavish dinner parties. He is still fully engaged in life and unfailingly thoughtful. Noting that “old age is too God damned often self-inflicted” (13), Ben prescribes sociability, advising Joe not to isolate himself too much and suggesting that he come to Ben’s dinner parties more often.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary

Sorting through his mail, Joe is ambushed by the “unexpected” in the shape of a postcard from a long-ago acquaintance in Denmark, a woman named Astrid. Her brief message sums up how much her life has changed since her “friends”—presumably Joe and Ruth—last saw her: Her husband has had a stroke and needs constant care, and she has had to sell everything, including her beloved cottage, and move her husband into a house that “Eigil” gave her. The “castle,” she writes, “is as you saw it, no better” (16), but her reduced circumstances leave her no choice. One consolation is living in the “beautiful” place where she grew up; another is her artwork, which she successfully sells in Copenhagen. The postcard’s photo shows a picturesque village by the sea with a small green island in the distance. Joe recognizes the scene; it is the Danish town of Bregninge, where his mother grew up. He remembers it well: the villages, harbor, forests, fields, and the huge castle that looms over them all. Astrid, a friend from 20 years ago, would now be 60 years old.

Entering the house, Joe digs out a journal he kept during his and Ruth’s trip to Denmark 20 years earlier. He went there hunting for his roots, but it proved an excursion into the “Gothic” that did not yield what he was looking for but rather something “rotten” (an allusion to Hamlet). Astrid was a “maiden in distress” who was ultimately eaten by the “dragon” (19).

Joe’s antecedents are largely a mystery to him. His mother was a Danish immigrant who traveled alone to America at 16, married a brakeman who died young in a train accident, and then herself died in a fall when Joe was a freshman in college. While she lived he was ashamed of her—her accent, her broken English, her clumsiness, her poverty. Only after her death did he realize that she was a “saint”—a realization that led to years of bitter self-recrimination.

Joe’s son Curtis also met an untimely end, another source of guilt for his father. A “beach-bum” with whom Joe fought constantly, Curtis drowned in his twenties after falling off his surfboard—or perhaps letting go. As a result, Joe has long felt cut off from both past and future, afflicted with an ever-gnawing sense of weightlessness and impermanence as well as a restless self-loathing for not having valued his two blood relatives while they were alive. His diagnosis of heart disease at age 50 exacerbated all of these regrets. Joe envies both Indigenous Americans and Europeans for their homelands and age-old pedigrees. He feels “random,” like a native of nothing and nowhere. The writings of stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius offer little solace against this visceral feeling of deracination, aimlessness, and despair.

The postcard from Denmark reopens some of these wounds and inspires Joe to dig out the journal of his Danish trip. Ruth notices the change in him as he reviews these writings and is surprised to hear what they are: At the time, she was unaware that he was keeping a journal. The trip to Denmark in 1954 was to be “therapy” for the death of their son, and she takes slight umbrage that he kept this written attempt at therapy to himself. Their conversation hints that the Danish trip created other issues between them, some still unresolved. To explain himself, Joe shows her the postcard from Astrid while downplaying the significance of the journal, which he says is nothing more than a rote record of events, all sodden with “self-pity.” Nevertheless, Ruth urges him to read it aloud to her, saying it might be “good” for them, and he bends to her wishes.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary

Joe’s journal begins on March 26, 1954, the second day of the trip, aboard the cruise ship the SS Stockholm. Their fellow passengers include the Bertelsons, an elderly Swedish couple who are returning to the husband’s birthplace to live out their golden years. Joe reflects, not without some schadenfreude, on their probable dismay when they find out that the country has not remained as straitlaced as themselves.

The seas are rough throughout the voyage, and Mr. Bertelson dies suddenly of a heart attack during a particularly storm-tossed day. Joe’s journal remarks on the cruel twist of fate that extinguished Mr. Bertelson just when he was about to reap the rewards of 50 years of dull labor far from home. Late that night, Joe witnesses his burial at sea, an “erasure” in the howling maw of an elemental fury that disturbs him, partly because of his memories of his son’s drowning. The next day, he candidly records his contemptuous thoughts about the “foolish” Mr. Bertelson and his “cowlike” wife, who, with her husband’s death, has now lost her whole world. For the rest of the ocean crossing, he makes no attempt to talk to or comfort her, which he says would be “hypocrisy.”

Seeking to spare Ruth, Joe skips over a painful passage of his journal that deals with his guilt over Curtis’s death. She notices that he has left something out but does not press the issue. She does, however, lose patience with him for shying away from the intimacy of this rare moment of sharing via his glib jokes and mocking asides, noting that his emotional elusiveness is incomprehensible to her. Joe skips ahead to his entries for April 3 and 4 and reads aloud about their arrival in Sweden and then Copenhagen. In their hotel, Joe eats herring, and at once feels the beginnings of a sense of belonging: “It is a form of instant naturalization. I am very glad to be here” (39).

Back in 1974, the telephone rings. It is Anne McElvenny, a State Department functionary, who talks Joe into hosting Césare Rulli, a famous Italian novelist whom Joe once represented, for lunch the next day. Rulli, a “dynamo” known for his salacious books, has been visiting San Francisco and would like to pass the afternoon with someone he knows before flying back east in the evening. Ruth, who shares Ben Alexander’s belief that Joe spends too much of his retirement “evading” others, is excited by the idea of the visit. 

Part 1, Chapters 1-3 Analysis

The rootlessness of Joe, which is the story’s central problem, is sowed heavily into the opening chapters. Joe is a man without lineage or legacy: In his long life, he has known only two blood relatives, and they are both long dead. He has no professional legacy, either, having entered a sort of Faustian pact during the Great Depression and choosing the stable life of a literary agent rather than the riskier one of an author. He drifted into his job just as he has drifted everywhere—an experience he likens to that of a floating stick, or like a fly that has landed on “flypaper” made of other people’s writings. This passivity is what he now second-guesses, establishing the theme of Choice and the Inevitability of Regret. At best, he thinks he might write a “namedropping” memoir about the authors he has known. Likewise, his narration is seeded with others’ quotes and allusions: Shakespeare, Melville, Poe, Dickinson, Spencer, Joyce, and many others. These references echo the trajectory of his life and suggest his failure to develop his own voice, but they also represent an attempt to ground himself in some sort of history or heritage.

On this February day, along with portents of a looming storm, death is in the air: A local doctor who has “died” twice on the operating table and who carries a cane made from a human bone tells him of the terminal cancer of a friend and neighbor. Joe reflects on the death by cancer of another neighbor, Marian, and then a postcard arrives from Denmark, informing him of yet another impending death. That this postcard comes from his mother’s birthplace deepens the thematic links between Joe’s anxiety about his mortality and his anxiety about his rootlessness, as Joe envies the sense of cultural and historical connection that (he imagines) those who remained in Europe feel. The novel’s opening pages thus lay the groundwork for the theme of American Deracination Versus European Gothic.

Though Joe’s wife, Ruth, also went on the trip to Denmark, he has so far kept the journal a secret from her. He keeps many things from her, mostly things that trouble him; for instance, he does not tell her about their neighbor’s terminal cancer until much later. He rationalizes this by telling himself that he is “protecting” her, but in his more honest moments, he admits that he is really protecting himself. Beneath his glib humor is raging insecurity, possibly the result of his rootless upbringing, which makes it hard for him to get close to others; this fits into Stegner’s longtime critique of the Western character as unhealthily taciturn and self-absorbed.

Joe likewise regards others’ curiosity and emotional sharing with suspicion, as a subtle form of neediness, egotism, or even manipulation. This has long hurt his relationship with Ruth. The sharing of his Denmark journal will repair some of this damage, in part because what happened there has hovered between them like a ghost. The action of revisiting and retelling these events may even be more significant than the events themselves. As Karen Blixen, master storyteller and the novel’s resident sage, will say, it is the story that matters. The act of telling a story reveals oneself, shows new angles to the truth, and changes the teller as well as the listener. This is part of the reason Joe envies the writers he has known. Now, sharing his journal, he puts on the mantle of storyteller himself, and this turns out to be the pivotal action of the novel. Ruth suggests that it might be “good” for them both, and she is right: Joe becomes both author and healer.

One thing that Joe’s journal has already revealed is just how despondent he was at the time of the trip. His hostility toward the Bertelsons, even after the husband’s death, is disproportionate; he refuses, on some vague principle, to say a single comforting word to the widow. He particularly disdains the Bertelsons for looking to him as an “ally,” scorning any kinship with them. He masks this as simple boredom with people whose minds don’t work as “quickly” as his own, but the real reason is that he sees too much of himself and his life in this unadventurous couple, who have drudged away for 50 years in vain hopes of a brighter future. That future ended for them in a burial at sea in a howling storm, just as Joe’s hopes for a legacy ended in the ocean death of Curtis, his only offspring. In hating the Bertelsons, he is really hating himself and his own foolish hopes. As he reads, Ruth is struck by how much of his grief and vulnerability he kept from her at the time. Though they were traveling together in a geographic sense, it is only now that she feels she is truly sharing the experience with him.

Meanwhile, Stegner foreshadows the strangeness to come. Joe describes Denmark as a “pilgrimage into the Gothic […] a lesson left over from the time of trolls and demons” (20). He compares Astrid to a damsel in distress, and her brother Eigil to a dragon. He mentions a bog mummy, and the “witch” Karen Blixen. All of this lays the groundwork for a mythic, primordial world far removed from the realism of the California hills.

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