55 pages • 1 hour read
Willa CatherA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Upon arrival in Chicago, Dr. Archie tours boarding houses looking for a suitable place for Thea to live but finds nothing. Chicago is cold and dirty; Thea already feels overwhelmed by the city.
They visit Reverend Lars Larsen looking for a church job for Thea. She needs to make money to afford lessons with a renowned pianist, Andor Harsanyi. Mr. Larsen hires Thea to sing in his choir and at funerals. He finds a room for her to board with two widowed parishioners, Mrs. Lorch and her daughter, Mrs. Andersen.
Mrs. Lorch and Mrs. Andersen are both kind and welcoming to Thea. The house is outdated but safe, and Thea is well looked after. She develops a friendship with the women.
Andor Harsanyi knows that Thea is gifted, but her ignorance of the world and of music surprises him. Although her talent was nurtured in Moonstone, she was sheltered. Thea realizes her family and friends in Moonstone kept her ignorant. This frustrates her. She starts second-guessing herself at the piano and her identity as a musician.
Harsanyi tries to help Thea engage with the larger world of music. But when he offers her tickets to see concerts and operas, she always refuses. Thea is tired out and seems defeated, though she still works hard at her music.
Even though Harsanyi is a piano teacher, he starts coaching Thea on her voice after discovering how beautiful her singing is. It takes Thea a while to learn the nuances of songs, but when she does, her new insight and her talent move Harsanyi.
Thea spends her days studying music and working as a funeral singer. Work exhausts her, and she avoids engaging with the city. The sounds and excitement of a city don’t interest her. Thea finally goes to the Art Institute and discovers that she loves being immersed in the museum. She sees herself in a painting titled “The Song of the Lark.”
Thea finally attends a symphony concert. She is moved by the music because it reminds her of home. The busy, noisy streets bother Thea even more after the concert. She sees the city as an antagonist that is trying to take something from her. She resolves to make sure the city doesn’t defeat her. Thea will instead commit herself to chasing the ecstasy of true artistic expression. She no longer considers herself a young girl.
Theodore Thomas, the conductor of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, suggests Madison Bowers as the best voice teacher for Thea, even though he doesn’t like Bowers.
Harsanyi tells Thea that she should stop taking lessons with him and start voice lessons with Madison Bowers. He informs Thea that though she is talented, she would have to start professional piano training much earlier in life to become a pianist. He believes her vocation is in her voice, not in the piano. Harsanyi is sad that he’ll lose Thea as a student but promises to remain her friend.
Thea travels home to Moonstone for the summer. She’s been studying with Bowers and finds him unfriendly but excellent at teaching. Thea enjoys learning to sing. She believes that singing is bringing her closer to the version of herself she always dreamed of becoming. Thea wonders if other people feel that they have different versions of themselves. Thea is determined to live an exciting life and pursue her ambition.
As she approaches Moonstone, Thea is moved by the land and the spirit of Colorado. Thea “had the sense of going back to a friendly soil, whose friendship was somehow going to strengthen her; a naive, generous country that gave one its joyous force, its large-hearted, childlike power to love” (106). Ray had also had these types of thoughts, which Thea realizes now is why they got along so well.
Thea’s siblings want to treat her normally, so she doesn’t act better than them. Thea is happy to be home, where it’s quiet and beautiful. Anna asks Thea to sing at a neighbor child’s funeral, but she declines, reasoning that she needs to save her voice; if she does this, she’ll constantly be expected to sing for others while she’s home.
Thea’s parents privately reflect on her appearance; she has matured physically and has a new light about her. When Thea’s mother urges her to sing at the funeral, she relents.
Spanish Johnny invites Thea to a dance in Mexican Town. Thea loves the music and dances with the Ramas brothers. Thea sings duets with Johnny. Her singing moves the people of Mexican Town.
Thea’s siblings don’t approve of her singing all night with the Mexicans. Anna accuses Thea of preferring Mexicans to her own people. Thea realizes that her home in Moonstone “had always been her refuge, but there was a hostility in the house now which this door could not shut out. This would be her last summer in that room. Its services were over; its time was done” (117). Thea is sad to leave her childhood behind, but she can’t ignore that she is different from her siblings.
Thea visits Dr. Archie. He encourages her to pursue her ambition. Thea fears failing. Dr. Archie is alarmed by a new type of attraction to Thea, who has grown older and womanlier. Throughout the summer, Thea is anxious that something will prevent her from returning to Chicago. When she finally leaves Moonstone to return to Chicago, she knows she is saying goodbye to her hometown forever.
In Part 2, Thea undergoes significant character development and becomes a true artist.
Thea experiences culture shock and homesickness upon her arrival and first months in Chicago and experiences reverse culture shock on her visit back to Moonstone. These moves refine her character and force her to draw from the fortitude she developed as a child. It takes time for Thea to embrace living in a big city, because she is accustomed to the peace of the countryside and the community-mindedness of a small town. Thea is not curious about Chicago, because it overwhelms her. These factors emphasizes her youth and innocence and introduce the theme of The Connection Between Nature and the Psyche. Through the struggle of adapting to a new, bustling urban setting, Thea discovers a new version of herself. Thea matures in response to struggle because she learns how to live independently. This characterizes Thea as resilient and ambitious. Discovering that struggle allows for growth is a step out of childhood and toward adulthood.
When Thea returns to Moonstone for a visit, the depth of her change confronts her. Moonstone becomes a setting of antagonistic forces that threaten to hold Thea back from fulfilling her potential. Because her time in Chicago turns her into a young woman, Thea can analyze Moonstone from both her more adult viewpoint and the perspective distance and passage of time grant her. For the first time, she sees how her small town steeps a culture of ignorance, such as her siblings’ racism toward the Mexican community. Anna’s character, juxtaposed with Thea’s, shows a useful contrast. Anna is concerned about public perception because Moonstone colors her entire life; she must fit in because she doesn’t have the options that Thea does to move. Thus, Thea experiences reverse culture shock. She sees that staying in Moonstone will prevent her growth, musically and personally. The outside world inspires Thea, and her musical talent is her ticket out of Moonstone. The trip back to Moonstone is important to her character development because she resolves to lean into ambition and leave her once-beloved hometown behind her.
Before her experiences in Chicago, Thea was a big fish in a little pond. She was special and unique because Moonstone is small, rural, and identified through conservative religion and racial divides. In Chicago, Thea is a little fish in a big pond. At first, this unmoors Thea because she is accustomed to easy success and a large support system. Her visit to Moonstone teaches her that there is value in fighting for your spot in a larger pond. Thea has outgrown Moonstone because she has been exposed to the opportunities life outside of small towns has to offer. Thea’s fear that she will fail in her ambitions is characteristic of Cather’s message of the power of self-reliance. American literature of this time period embodies the American ethos of independence. Thea wants to work hard, achieve her dreams on merit, and achieve upward mobility. This narrative, therefore, characterizes Thea as a classic American heroine.
A major moment of character development occurs when Thea experiences the culture of Chicago for the first time. She discovers Jules Breton’s painting “The Song of the Lark,” the namesake of both Part 2 and the novel. Painted in 1884, “The Song of the Lark” depicts a farmgirl in a field, mesmerized by birdsong. The painting is a symbol of Thea’s attachment to her rural past. Thea sees herself in the painting, and that resonance gives her courage because “to her the word covered the almost boundless satisfaction she felt when she looked at the picture” (96). It also symbolizes the power of music, the kind of music that comes from a lark chirping and the kind that comes from Thea’s own talent. This symbol highlights the theme of The Development of the Artist.
An important moment of plot and character development and the realization of foreshadowing by Professor Wunsch from Part 1 occur when Thea switches from piano to voice. Singing comes more naturally to Thea, which brings her in harmony with her passion for music. Singing helps Thea discover new nuances of herself. This is a major moment of growth for Thea as it helps propel her into womanhood.
By Willa Cather