49 pages • 1 hour read
Jean Hanff KorelitzA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains descriptions of sexual violence, domestic abuse, and murder.
Many of the story’s events are driven by the protagonist’s focus on writing or the sudden appearance of manuscript excerpts, and both are indicative of various characters’ need for control and their willingness to exploit others for their own gain. Although Anna’s novel, The Afterword, is ostensibly “a tribute to Jake [Bonner]: her lover, her partner, and, as it turn[s] out, her teacher” (23), the existence of the novel symbolizes Anna’s need for control. Mirroring her public version of her life story, her novel features a woman who marries a successful novelist shortly before he dies by suicide. Thus, by writing the novel, Anna gains autonomy over her own life story and cements her fabricated identity as Anna in the literary world and in contemporary culture. The book’s publication also affirms the protagonist’s current identity as Anna and affords her the success and self-worth that she has craved since she was a girl trapped in her parents’ Vermont home. Thus, The Afterword becomes a manifestation of Anna’s desperation to dictate her own identity and fate.
Just as The Afterword reflects Anna’s focus on manipulating and exploiting public opinion about her, Evan Parker’s manuscript is also symbolic of exploitation, for it represents his willingness to use the story of his sister’s trauma for his own gain. Infuriated by Evan’s audacity, Anna kills him in retribution for his decision to coopt her story and pen her trauma from his point of view. From Anna’s perspective, the manuscript bastardizes what she really experienced. Her desperation to destroy all evidence of the manuscript is the result of her desire to punish her brother for exploiting her, and her efforts also tie into her ongoing determination to reinvent herself as a successful writer and erase this distorted version of her story from reality.
The house where Anna grew up in West Rutland, Vermont, is symbolic of her hidden trauma. Anna does everything in her power to escape this setting throughout her childhood and adolescence, and she feels trapped, abused, and limited while she is confined to this space. Within the house itself, the rope bed in Anna’s parents’ old bedroom represents her sense of entrapment, and she instinctively associates it with her abusive parents, brother, and rapist. She also experiences bullying, ridicule, and violence during her younger years in this setting, so in her mind, escaping the house becomes synonymous with escaping the trauma that she associates with the building. For this reason, she goes to intense extremes to separate herself from this environment, believing that when she kills her parents, brother, and daughter, these crimes will ultimately free her from the house and allow her to reinvent her life. Likewise, when Anna returns to the house at the novel’s end, she is compelled to relive the scenes and memories of her childhood trauma. She therefore burns the house down after killing Betty Bessette and Sylvia, desperate to erase her traumatic memories once and for all.
Many aspects of this setting reflect the evolution of Anna’s false identities. Notably, because the apartment is still furnished with Jake’s furniture this aspect of the setting represents the false reality that she and Jake constructed together. The furniture is primarily an extension of Jake’s personality, so Anna has no emotional attachment to it and decides to leave it all on the stoop outside the apartment. This action symbolizes her determination to destroy her old identity as Jake’s wife.
On a broader level, however, Anna’s New York apartment is symbolic of her status in his elite world and stands as a manifestation of her determination to curate a new identity and a new life for herself. This significance holds true even when Jake is still alive, for when Anna first moves into this Manhattan residence, she is publicly solidifying her financial and cultural relevance via her association with Jake. Later, her decision to sell the apartment indicates a deeper need to establish her own identity as separate from Jake’s memory, and she wishes to win her own status and fame and become independent of his legacy.
By Jean Hanff Korelitz