21 pages • 42 minutes read
Derek WalcottA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The sea is a near constant presence in “The Schooner Flight” and a powerful motif that provides structure to the text and characterizes its tone. The ocean appears in the poem’s very first line, “In idle August, while the sea soft” (Line 1), and it initiates the narrative action, calling Shabine away from his wife and family to voyage on the schooner. At various points in the poem, the sea is connected to the violent history of the islands, with the “Caribbean so choke with the dead” (Line 116), to religion, with the “noon sea get calm as Thy Kingdom come” (Line 424), and to Maria herself, as when Shabine “saw the veiled face of Maria Concepcion / marrying the ocean” (Lines 427-428).
The proliferation of sea references make it an effective and versatile motif but, crucially, not a symbol for any one thing. The sea holds up the poem, urges its story ahead, threatens Shabine’s life, hosts ghosts and dead, God, desire, and brings Shabine tranquility. There is simply no “Schooner Flight” without the ocean, literally or literarily. As Shabine declares in the poem’s first section, “[W]hen I write / this poem, each phrase go be soaked in salt” (Lines 71-72)
Dreams play an important role in “The Schooner Flight,” and the continued appearance of Maria Concepcion’s mysterious Book of Dreams make it an important structural motif. In the poem’s very first lines, as Shabine leaves his family in the night, he takes one last look at “the dreamless face of Maria Concepcion” (Line 4). While this first description of Maria can be construed as simply a description of her peaceful sleep, it also alludes to the dream burning in Shabine that prompts him to leave—and the lack of that dream in his wife. Most importantly, however, it sets up the relevance of dreams to the poem and their connection to Maria.
Curiously, the “insomniac’s Bible” (Line 337), the “soiled orange booklet with a cyclop’s eye / center” (Line 338-339) that “anchored [Maria’s] sleep” (Line 337) is never able to actually interpret any dream in the poem. Instead, the book “ha[s] no answer” (Line 354) to each dream with which it is confronted, despite how Maria “ravage[s] the book / for the dream meaning […] there was nothing” (Lines 354-355). Despite the book’s failure, the dreams hold meanings that the book cannot parse. Maria’s dream of “whales and a storm” (Line 346) recalls the Biblical story of Jonah and the whale, and Shabine’s dream of “three old women / as featureless as silkworms, stitching [his] fate” (Lines 348-349) recalls the Greco-Roman mythology of the three Fates.
The book finds its real meaning in what characters ascribe to it. Shabine weeps for the book, and in his near-death experience in the storm, he identifies himself as “the drowned sailor in [Maria’s] Book of Dreams” (Line 398). The Book is a presence in the poem that promises answers to mysteries but that either cannot or will not provide them. Instead, it becomes a tool to determine individual identity. When Shabine finds his peace at the poem’s end, he declares, “I finish dream” (Line 438). Here, it is as if Shabine wakes from the mysteries that would require the Book of Dreams’ guidance, requiring answers no longer.
Venus is a motif highlighting the speaker’s love of the sea. Though he relishes the sea’s splendor and sees it almost as a “mistress” (even once describing it in highly objectifying, sexualized terms), Shabine longs for his wife. Eventually, he has a vision of the sea as a divinity who says to him, “[I]f you leave [Maria], I shall give you the morning star” (Line 143). The morning star is the planet Venus, named for the Roman goddess of love and beauty (the Greek equivalent being Aphrodite). The gift of the morning star is therefore a gift of love and beauty beyond the moral sphere, emphasizing the sea’s allure. The poem’s final sections also reference the gods—“on one hand Venus, on the other Mars” (Line 462). By bringing in the element of war (Mars), especially as it contrasts with love (Venus), the poem conveys both conflict and complexity in the speaker’s experiences.
By Derek Walcott