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53 pages 1 hour read

Italo Calvino

The Nonexistent Knight

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1959

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Chapters 10-12Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

Torrismund was seeking the Knights of the Holy Grail while Agilulf was in Morocco. His random searches brought him no success, though he often felt that he was close. During a visit to the village of Koowalden to restock his supplies, he was told by the locals about a cadre of knights who had recently passed through the town and bought up all the provisions. Torrismund visits the nearby woods, finding a knight who is playing a harp. This knight leads Torrismund to the other knights. When Torrismund asks them about the Knights of the Holy Grail, however, they caution him to never say this name. Torrismund insists that he is the son of the Knights of the Holy Grail, but he is told that, in this holy clearing, there is no such thing as fathers or sons. Those kinds of earthly relationships are left outside the clearing. Torrismund asks whether he can join the knights, whereupon he is challenged to prove himself by staring so intently at a drop of dew that he feels the “infinite strength of the Grail” (115). The knight who speaks to Torrismund explains that the knights in the clearing are almost entirely silent, as they do not want to profane their pure existences with the impurity of words.

Torrismund stares at the dewdrop. Quickly, however, he becomes bored. His staring is interrupted by a sudden outburst from one of the silent knights. The speaking knight explains that the outburst is due to a sudden feeling of ecstasy which is felt while at communion with the Holy Grail. The one who proceeds furthest along this path of enlightenment is elected as the King of the Grail. Torrismund is shown the King, who is so at one with the Grail that he is in an almost comatose state.

While some knights practice their swordplay, others wander through the clearing in a daze-like state. Their movement is guided by the Grail, the speaking knight says. He asks whether Torrismund wants to be “possessed” by the Grail. Torrismund would rather possess the Grail than be possessed by it. As Torrismund spends more time with the knights, acting in their fashion, he comes to find their way of life distasteful.

On the day of tribute, the knights gather food from the nearby village. The villagers protest. The recent poor harvest means that they have very little which they can give to the knights. They are starving to death. The knights do not care; the King of the Grail utters a vague sound which the knights take to mean that they should attack the villagers. They attack, burning down the villagers’ houses. Torrismund cannot believe what has happened. He is horrified and he demands an explanation. The speaking knight says not to “scrutinize the designs of the Grail” (120). Torrismund does not accept this answer. He unsheathes his sword and defends the village.

With the villagers, Torrismund drives the knights away. They flee, claiming that their fleeing is the will of the Holy Grail. The villagers gather around Torrismund and proclaim him to be a hero. Torrismund does not know what to do next. He does not want to stay in the village. Instead, he begins to wander the land in search of who he really is. One night, he walks along a beach in Brittany. Searching for food, he enters a cave. Inside, he finds the sleeping Sophronia. He feels overcome by a sudden feeling of lust at seeing this unknown woman. Sophronia wakes up and tells her story to Torrismund. He apologizes to her, unable to offer her his protection because, he claims, he has fallen in love with her. She warns him that she has been in many similar circumstances, but the same “deliverer” (123)—by which she means Agilulf—arrives to save her from dishonor. Torrismund reiterates his immediate love for this stranger.

Chapter 11 Summary

Agilulf returns to the cave with Charlemagne and Gurduloo. They bring with them an elderly woman, who will be able to confirm for them whether Sophronia’s virginity is still intact. When they arrive at the cave, they find Sophronia “lying in the embrace of a young soldier” (124), whom they immediately recognize as Torrismund. As they proclaim their shock and disgust, Torrismund realizes that he has had sex with the woman he believes is his own mother. Ashamed and disgraced at committing “foul incest” (125), he rides away. Agilulf, sharing in his disgrace, follows.

Later, Torrismund returns. He announces that, at the time he had sex with Sophronia, she was still a virgin. As such, she could not possibly be his mother. Sophronia provides an explanation: Torrismund is her half-brother; their mother is the Queen of Scotland, who had an affair—as Torrismund recalls—with the Knights of the Holy Grail. The Queen was then forced to invent a story about the resulting child belonging to her daughter, so as to avoid a scandal. Sophronia retold this story for the sake of her mother’s reputation. She took her young half-brother away and they lived together in the countryside. At this point, she met Agilulf and was taken to the convent. Torrismund provides a revelation of his own: he and Sophronia do not share the same mother, as she is actually the daughter of the King of Scotland and a peasant woman. The King brought the resulting child into his house and pretended that she was his wife’s daughter, meaning that Torrismund and Sophronia are not biologically related and have not committed incest.

Raimbaut rushes to share these new revelations with Agilulf. He tracks Agilulf by following the tracks left by the nonexistent knight’s horse, realizing that Agilulf has, at some point, abandoned his horse and proceeded on foot. Eventually, he comes across Agilulf’s armor. The set is stacked neatly in a pyramid but the nonexistent knight himself seems to have vanished. A note has been left, in which Agilulf bequeaths his suit of armor to Raimbaut. Raimbaut pleads with Agilulf to return but there is no response. He dresses himself in the armor and goes to Charlemagne, who sees the armor approaching and assumes that Agilulf is inside. Raimbaut corrects Charlemagne but insists that he is ready to “fling [himself] into battle” (128) in Agilulf’s place.

A barrage of trumpets is heard, signaling that a fleet of Moorish ships is approaching. A battle begins and Raimbaut, in Agilulf’s armor, distinguishes himself. Charlemagne’s side wins the battle. After, Bradamante approaches Raimbaut. Since she does not know who is really inside the armor, she believes it is Agilulf himself, and she tells Raimbaut to follow her. She leads him to a mossy clearing, where she is undressed. Raimbaut is conflicted. He loves Bradamante and feels compelled to tell her that he is not really Agilulf. He hopes that she will understand what has happened after they have sex and that she will realize that she loves Raimbaut as he loves her. This, Raimbaut hopes, will allow her to forgive him for the deception. She covers her eyes, “as if not wanting to be disturbed by the sight of the nonexistent knight’s invisible approach” (131). They have sex and, afterward, Raimbaut reveals his true identity. Bradamante is horrified. She wallops Raimbaut with the flat side of her sword and then leaves. Raimbaut must spend the rest of his life seeking out new battles, hoping that he will be able to find Agilulf or Bradamante.

Gurduloo similarly spends the rest of his days in search of his master. He looks inside flasks and pots, but he cannot find Agilulf. After Torrismund marries Sophronia, the couple celebrates. Torrismund is passing along a road when he happens to spot Gurduloo, who is now conversing with an empty bottle in the hope that Agilulf is somewhere inside. Torrismund decides to make Gurduloo his squire. He travels to Koowalden, announcing to the locals that Charlemagne has made him count of this area. The locals have already driven away the Knights of the Holy Grail. They are not impressed by Torrismund. Rather than allowing him to stay as their superior, they invite him to stay as equals. Sophronia urges Torrismund to accept and, at last, he does so.

Chapter 12 Summary

Sister Theodora says that this is the point where her book must end. A knock is heard at the door of the convent. From afar, Raimbaut’s voice calls out, asking if anyone has seen an “Amazon” who passed through. He is still searching for Bradamante. The nuns send Raimbaut away but Sister Theodora lays down her writing tools and calls out to Raimbaut. She reveals the truth: she is actually Bradamante. Originally, she entered the convent as a way to process her loving feelings for the nonexistent knight. After many years, however, she realized that she loved “the young and passionate Raimbaut” (136), rather than Agilulf. She runs out of the convent in the direction of Raimbaut, thinking about what her future might hold.

Chapters 10-12 Analysis

Torrismund and Sophronia meet in a cave in Brittany. They immediately fall in love and, without an interfering knight like Agilulf nearby, they have sex. Quickly, however, this union is threatened by the suggestion that they are either siblings or half-siblings. Their complicated pasts obscure their true relationship, threatening to ruin many reputations. Fortunately for Torrismund, he soon remembers a secret from his own past, lifting the accusation of incest from their relationship. As he and Sophronia exchange stories, they realize that they are not related by blood. This convenient truth allows them to spend the rest of their lives together. Torrismund, now able to enjoy the full honors of his family, is awarded the lordship of the same village he defended earlier in the novel.

While Torrismund recovers from the shock and returns to address the situation with Sophronia, Agilulf does not wait around to discuss the details of the perceived crime, immediately removing himself from their group and ceasing to exist at simply the thought of such an immorality. Torrismund and Sophronia are ultimately able to find love and long-lasting happiness in the absence of Agilulf’s chivalrous attempts to “save” Sophronia. Thus, in the absence of chivalry and exaggerated rules and expectations, these two characters are able to find peace and move forward, no longer stuck in the looped war narrative with no foreseeable future. This commentary, along with the generally satirical view of chivalry and duty throughout the story, suggests that The End of Eras is actually a positive transition towards a new future free of unrealistic societal expectations.

While Torrismund does find a happy ending, the end of eras also comes with unexpected changes. By the time Torrismund reaches the village to begin his new life, the peasants are happy to see him, but they have already chased away the bothersome knights who were ruining their lives. Furthermore, they refuse to recognize the authority imbued in Torrismund by Charlemagne. He is welcome to live with them, they say, but only as an equal. In this new world, the authority of the emperor and the familial status of Torrismund means nothing. The peasants are advocating for a more egalitarian society, and they will not be beholden to the institutions of the past. The old world is dead, Torrismund is made to realize, and he must adapt to these new times.

Agilulf’s story ends abruptly as Torrismund’s new story begins. When Raimbaut chases after Agilulf, he finds only the empty suit. Like Torrismund’s relationship with the peasants, the abandoned suit of armor is another sign that the old order has gone forever. The code of chivalry that Agilulf, through his nonexistence, represented is no longer present in the world. Instead, all that remains are the relics of the past and the stories that the people tell one another. Raimbaut further displays this by donning Agilulf’s armor. Though he fights bravely in battle, he immediately succumbs to temptation and allows Bradamante to believe that he is Agilulf. He tricks her into having sex with him and, in doing so, betrays her trust and betrays the memory of the nonexistent knight. The armor remains, but the code it represents is now fully a myth.

Raimbaut immediately regrets the way in which he treated Bradamante, assaulting her by pretending to be someone else. She leaves immediately, lingering only long enough to insult Raimbaut. Bradamante joins a convent and, as an act of self-interrogation and penance, begins to write the narrative as Sister Theodora. In doing so, she comes to realize that she loves Raimbaut. During this time, Raimbaut has embarked on a penance of his own. After avenging his father’s death, his life lacked purpose. He not only failed to find this purpose through chivalry, but he insulted the memory of the nonexistent knight by dishonoring Bradamante. He embarks on a quest to find Bradamante and secure her forgiveness. This quest not only gives his life a purpose, at last, but it also allows his fate to mirror Bradamante’s act of penance. She writes the story to reflect on what she has done, while Raimbaut scours the land in search of her forgiveness—his penance is exterior, while hers is interior. At the end of the novel, Raimbaut arrives at the door of Bradamante’s convent. She abandons her story, effectively abandoning her religious commitment and Duty as an Idealistic Standard, and she rushes out to meet him. In doing so, she exercises her agency. She chooses when the story ends and her decision to forgive Raimbaut is an act of her free will, expressed in a patriarchal society which has tried to determine so much of her narrative.

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