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63 pages 2 hours read

Yoko Ogawa

The Housekeeper and the Professor

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

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Chapters 7-9Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 7 Summary

The narrator thinks of the Professor whenever she sees a prime number, which happens frequently. She begins carrying a pencil and notebook with her so that she can test numbers and do calculations whenever she feels like it. She’s intrigued by how deceptive some numbers can be: While 2311, the serial number of a refrigerator, turns out to be prime—giving her a newfound appreciation for the refrigerator—341, a document number, turns out to be composite despite her certainty that it had to be prime.

However, these tests must be done in between her duties; moreover, her discoveries have little implication in her real life. She recalls arguing with the Professor, who believes that even though mathematical discoveries have applications, the “only goal is to discover the truth” in mathematics (114). To illustrate, he asked her to draw a line, then pointed out that what she drew was in fact a line segment—a true line is impossible to draw in the real world because in the real world, we have limits. The only place to find a real line is in our hearts and minds.

One evening, the narrator is about to start dinner for the tax consultants when she receives a call from the agency ordering her to the Professor’s house, as Root has done something upsetting. She fears for the worst, but when she arrives, she finds Root sitting at the table with the Professor, his sister-in-law, and the narrator’s replacement.

The widow is initially polite, but she is clearly agitated, asking the narrator why Root needs to come to the Professor’s house. Apparently, Root found a book on Lou Gehrig, the American baseball player, and wanted to read it with the Professor. The widow, however, believes that the narrator sent Root there as a mercenary ploy. The narrator insists that they’re just friends with the Professor, but the widow reiterates that the Professor has no property and no friends. Finally, the Professor tells his sister-in-law to leave Root alone. He then writes a formula, eπi+1=0, and leaves the room. The widow quickly changes from suspicion to calm understanding.

Shortly after that, the agency sends the narrator back to the Professor’s house. However, she never learns why she was reported to the agency in the first place, or why she was asked to return. She is curious about the equation the Professor wrote down; however, she chooses not to ask the Professor about it. She finds a history of Fermat’s Last Theorem and decides to start there. While reading it, she stumbles across the equation, which the book tells her is Euler’s formula.

The name doesn’t explain what the formula means. Following the Professor’s advice about how to approach difficult problems, the narrator works her way through the different symbols—she knows the mathematical constant π and the imaginary number i, and she learns that e is the base of the natural logarithm—and another decimal that extends infinitely. The key, she suspects, is the addition of one: by human intervention, adding one to eπi resolves into zero.

The day after researching Euler’s formula, the narrator returns to the library to learn about the Professor’s accident. She discovers that the widow had been in the passenger seat that night.

Even now, in the future, the narrator still isn’t certain what the significance of the formula was. She concludes that the Professor’s love of children, and by extension his love for Root, had pushed him to intervene in the only way he knew how. The narrator carries his note with her and takes it out for comfort whenever she is feeling sad. 

Chapter 8 Summary

When she returns to work, the narrator transfers the Professor’s notes to his summer suit, rewriting ones that have become worn. Despite the fact that some of the notes are outdated, she feels uncomfortable throwing any of them away. As she reads through them, she realizes how difficult each day must be for the Professor.

The Professor is working on an especially difficult problem, one that offers the largest prize in the Journal of Mathematics’ history. The Professor doesn’t care about the money, and typically doesn’t even cash the checks he receives; in the past, the narrator simply forwarded the checks to the widow. The narrator realizes that the Professor essentially has to start from scratch each morning, with only his notes to help him.

One night, to her surprise, the Professor comes out to the kitchen while she’s making dinner; usually, when he is working on a problem, she hardly sees him. He watches her cook, and as she does, he asks her to explain each step. After he returns to his study, the narrator looks at the food and her hands, suddenly filled with a sense of satisfaction.

Once Root’s summer vacation begins, he comes with her to work in the morning; at first, the narrator is concerned that this will upset the widow, but the Professor insists that she not leave Root alone, even though Root spends most of his time playing with his friends.

The Professor finishes the proof on July 31. As usual, the narrator runs the proof to the post office, doing a bit of shopping while she’s out, but ensuring she returns before the 80-minute window is up. However, when she returns 70 minutes later, the Professor no longer remembers who she is.

In August, Root goes on a short camping trip with other children his age. The narrator lingers at the Professor’s the first night he’s gone, reluctant to go back to an empty house. While they eat fruit together after dinner, a thunderstorm rolls in; it brings a welcome, cool breeze, but the narrator worries about Root. When she tells the Professor that she feels empty without Root, he asks if she feels a zero in her, which leads them to discuss the discovery of the number zero; the Professor explains that despite the Greeks’ belief that a zero would disturb the rules of calculation, it in fact brings a greater order to them.

Root returns safe and sound, but he is upset to learn that the Tigers have fallen back down to fourth place. With Root back, they begin listening to the Tigers again on the radio. The Professor gives Root one of his old notebooks so Root can track their statistics. 

Chapter 9 Summary

Toward the end of the summer, the narrator notices that the Professor’s jaw is swollen; she assumes he’d been hiding the pain. Getting him to the dentist proves to be easy, as the pain has “taken the fight out of him” (147). When he emerges from his appointment, the Professor brushes her aside and walks away without looking at her—he doesn’t remember her any more even though they were apart less than an hour.

Shortly after Root returns to school, the Professor receives a letter notifying him that his proof has won first prize. However, despite the narrator’s enthusiasm, he shows little interest. She wonders if all mathematicians are like this, or if this is a special quirk of the Professor, who often refuses to acknowledge that he has done anything special to deserve admiration or gratitude. The narrator tries to convince the Professor to celebrate his achievement; when he pushes back, she points out that Root’s 11th birthday is coming up, so the Professor agrees to celebrate both together.

Root and the narrator decide to give the Professor an Enatsu baseball card, so she and Root sneak into the study to look through the cookie tin to see which ones he already has. Although Root has never collected baseball cards, once he sees the Professor’s collection, “there was no going back” (154). Root accidentally drops the tin. As they rush to put the cards back, the narrator notices that the tin has a false bottom. Beneath the cards, they discover the Professor’s thesis from 1957, when he was 29. She flips through the thesis, fascinated by the Professor’s work. Buried in the thesis is a black-and-white photograph of the Professor sitting with a woman with whom he clearly shares a bond; the narrator is certain that the woman is his sister-in-law. At the top of the cover page, a note reads “For N, with my eternal love. Never forget” (158). Suddenly, the tin morphs from a container of baseball cards to a tomb of the Professor’s memories.

Not only are Enatsu cards hard to come by, but the Professor already seems to own all the cards printed before 1975. They research baseball card magazines and visit shop after shop looking for an Enatsu card the Professor doesn’t already own, turning up nothing. However, one shop owner tells them that in 1985, a candy company reissued an older Enatsu card from his days on the Tigers. Later, when the narrator describes her search for cards at her agency, one of the other housekeepers mentions that her mother used to run a candy shop, and that she recalls seeing leftover cards. They go straight from the agency to the woman’s house and finally find the Enatsu card they’ve been looking for. 

Chapters 7-9 Analysis

The problem with the widow is quickly resolved—a deliberate narrative choice that underscores that the conflict is not overly important to the larger novel. The subplot does allow us to see how the Professor has impacted the narrator and her son. The narrator studies numbers while working for her new clients, something that interferes with her duties but nonetheless gives her a sense of satisfaction. However, she is once again separated from Root, and we see a sharp contrast between the way her new clients treat her and the relative comfort of her work for the Professor. They were a unit that her sudden firing disrupted.

The novel doesn’t provide an explanation of why Euler’s formula resolved the argument with the Professor’s sister-in-law, but the narrator’s research helps point us toward one. The Professor explains in Chapter 8 the importance of the number zero—the Greeks believed that the concept of zero would destroy the rules of calculation, but contrary to the Greeks’ belief, zero brings order to the universe (141). In Euler’s formula, adding one to a very complex term equals zero—in other words, adding the right seemingly simple unit to a seemingly impossible irrational number expression brings order and unity. When the Professor expresses through math that the narrator and Root are that one to the Professor’s complex irrationality, the widow understands his meaning.

To color this interaction further, we learn more about the relationship between the Professor and the widow. The narrator previously assumed that the widow cares for the Professor and that they have a greater bond than the widow lets on. Now, the narrator finds out that the widow had been in the car during the Professor’s accident and that the Professor keeps a photograph of himself and the widow in his thesis. Clearly there is more to their relationship than meets the eye, though the novel never clarifies it exactly.

The cookie tin further develops the nature of the Professor’s memory. Just as the notes on his jacket externalize his short-term memory, the cookie tin is a “tomb” for his long-term memories, all the more notable for the fact that he likely has no idea that it exists any longer. 

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