52 pages • 1 hour read
Sadeqa JohnsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide discusses anti-gay bias, miscarriage, sexual assault (of characters who are minors), forced adoption, racism, and death by suicide. The text also uses outdated and offensive language to refer to Black people, including the n-word.
Chapter 1 opens in Philadelphia in October 1948. In high school student Ruby Pearsall’s first-person perspective, she recounts staying at her Grandma Nene’s house and running late to school because her cousin, Fatty, has not come back in time to relieve her of watching their grandmother. Fatty tells Ruby that Inez, Ruby’s mother, left her bus fare for school at their apartment. Ruby is frustrated because these types of situations have caused her to be late numerous times for her enrichment class for the We Rise program—a program that allows two students who meet academic qualifications to receive scholarships to Cheyney University. This scholarship is the only way that Ruby can go to college, and she wants to escape poverty and become an optometrist.
Ruby walks to her mother’s apartment, trying to avoid men’s catcalls. She enters the kitchen, but her bus fare is missing. Inez’s boyfriend Leap coerces her for the bus fare, asking for a kiss. Ruby is repulsed, but agrees to a quick kiss because she can’t afford to lose her spot in We Rise. As she kisses Leap, he kisses her aggressively, grabbing her breast and thrusting against her. She tries to get away as her mother walks through the door. Inez is livid and blames Ruby for the assault, telling her to get out of the house. She runs to catch her bus, but the bus driver pulls away.
Chapter 2 opens in Washington, DC, in October 1948. Eleanor Quarles’s third-person limited perspective reveals she is a student at Howard University. She has received a letter from her desired sorority, Alpha Beta Chi (ABC), whose members wear lavender scarves. She opens the letter, signed by sorority president Greta Hepburn, and learns she has been rejected. Nadine, Eleanor’s messy roommate, arrives and tells Eleanor that the ABCs only accept pale women with straight hair. While Eleanor heard such rumors, the concept of colorism is still new to her.
Nadine wants Eleanor to go out with her, but Eleanor has work to do; she does not come from money like Nadine does. Eleanor works at the school library to help pay for college. She goes to the library and talks to her boss, Dorothy Porter. It is because of Mrs. Porter that Eleanor has decided to switch from being an English Major to a History Major; she wants to become a library archivist. Eleanor sees the Back, the back of a young man who frequently studies at the library. The Back introduces himself as William Pride, a medical student.
Ruby gets to class and is locked out, having arrived 45 minutes late. After class, she talks to Mrs. Thomas, and she tells her that people like her do not get second chances, so she must work hard and not mess up her chances. Ruby then goes to her Aunt Marie’s house because she does not want to go home. When she gets there, she learns her mother dropped her belongings off. Aunt Marie is welcoming, but needs to leave to perform at a club called Kiki’s. She wears men’s clothes for her evening’s work and offers to talk to Ruby’s teacher, but Ruby does not want her to.
Aunt Marie leaves, and Ruby paints, her favorite pastime. A Jewish boy, Shimmy Shapiro, arrives to look at Aunt Marie’s sink. Ruby shows Shimmy her painting, and he understands the work’s sadness. He tells her that he works at Greenwald’s candy store and that she should stop by.
Eleanor wears lavender perfume to prepare for an evening with Nadine. As they leave, the dorm matron prompts them to behave properly while they are out. They go to Club Bali, and Eleanor sees William there. He asks her to dance; the ABCs also enter and dance. William gives Eleanor an Orange Crush, and Greta makes her move. She mentions Eleanor’s rejection letter and asks William to get her a drink; when he leaves, she tells Eleanor that her family and William’s are close. Greta spills Orange Crush on Eleanor and pretends it was an accident. Greta and William dance, and Eleanor leaves, believing she does not belong with William.
Aunt Marie returns home with a black eye, and says that the management of Kiki’s is not doing enough for her kind of people—“the kind that wore what they wanted and kissed who they wanted” (39). Through exposition, it is revealed that Grandma Nene raised Ruby until she was in third grade. At this point, Nene became blind, and Inez was revealed to be Ruby’s real mother, and Ruby went to live with her. Neither Inez nor Ruby liked their new circumstances. Whenever Inez’s boyfriends became attracted to Ruby, she would be spanked and sent to live with Aunt Marie until Inez calmed down.
Ruby goes outside to run errands and is catcalled. She is uncertain whether or not to go to the white-owned Greenwald’s candy store (as Aunt Marie wouldn’t approve), but does. Shimmy welcomes Ruby, and she takes a seat. A white woman walks in and gives Ruby a dirty look, and as the woman leaves, she warns Shimmy that “some people” are a risk to “good Jewish boys” like him (45). Ruby wants to leave, but Shimmy convinces her to stay. They listen to music when Mr. Greenwald comes in, angry about Shimmy playing music. A shaken Ruby leaves but not before she hears Mr. Greenwald tell Shimmy that while he can serve Black people, he cannot allow them to sit at a table. Days later, Ruby sees Shimmy, and he has bought her lavender paint. He wants to meet up with her again, and says he can make it happen.
Eleanor receives a note from her college’s bursar, as she is late on her tuition. She does not want her parents to know because they already work hard for her sake. The bursar gets her a job at Ware’s, a department store. Eleanor goes to the library, and William is there. He asks her to see a show with him at the Lincoln Theater, and she agrees.
Nadine is excited about William’s invitation and gives Eleanor a lavender dress to wear. William picks Eleanor up in a fancy car, and she tells him that she is from a small town in Ohio called Elyria. Eleanor is mesmerized by the show, and afterwards, William takes her to a ballroom to dance. As the evening comes to an end, he promises to pick her up after her Ware’s shift the next day.
Ruby and Aunt Marie spend all day cleaning their home. When Aunt Marie leaves, Ruby leaves to see Shimmy without telling her aunt. When she gets to Shimmy’s car, she hides in the back so no one sees her. They park, and Ruby tells Shimmy that she wants to be an optometrist, so she can help people like her grandmother. He tells her that he did not know “colored” people could be doctors, and she corrects him—as the word “colored” is painful and the word “Negro” is more appropriate. Outside, a concert is playing, and Shimmy tells Ruby that his grandfather used to bring them to listen to the concert from a distance when they could not afford tickets. Shimmy acts as the man of the house when his father is not around, as his father is frequently drunk. Shimmy tells Ruby that he wants to be an accountant when he grows up. When Ruby returns home, Aunt Marie is upset that she was with Shimmy and forbids her from leaving without permission.
In Ruby’s opening chapter, Sadeqa Johnson makes her circumstances clear, as they become the basis of Ruby’s story. Ruby has home responsibilities (i.e., caring for her grandmother and avoiding her mother’s boyfriends) that pull her away from her academics. This pull occurs because some of her family members do not support her goals, namely her cousin Fatty and her mother Inez. These obstacles compound those that come with poverty, racism, and sexism. While these struggles make it harder for Ruby to achieve her goals, they also make her goals more appealing—as her family has suffered generational poverty and racism. The House of Eve will continually weigh Ruby’s obstacles against her motivation.
The difficulties of being a girl in a sexist world—including The Weaponization of Women’s Bodies—are dramatized through Ruby’s interactions with men. She is young but curvy, eliciting catcalls from men on the street. This makes her wish she was invisible, safe. When Ruby is coerced in her own home by Leap, her mother’s boyfriend, Inez blames her for the attention she draws and the assault she suffered—a response often born from internalized misogyny. The incident with Leap illustrates two key parts of Ruby’s character that will continue to play out. Firstly, she is forced to choose between avoiding Leap and getting to school on time. Here, she chooses to kiss Leap, as her desire to pull herself out of poverty is stronger than her revulsion. While this situation is not her fault, Ruby will continue to face potential sacrifices for her future. Secondly, this incident shows how her body is used against her, as the world is all too eager to sexualize young girls.
As for Eleanor, her rejection from the sorority Alpha Beta Chi (ABC) introduces two key parts of her character. Firstly, Eleanor’s rejection proves to her that she is an outsider even though she has been accepted by Howard University. Secondly, her rejection demonstrates colorism in the Black community and how little she knows about it. Colorism was not blatant where she grew up because people were busy surviving. Many of Eleanor’s fellow students have greater means than her and her neighbors, and are more concerned with appearance and prestige. As such, the color of a Black person’s skin means more in these circles.
The Importance of Second Chances is introduced through Ruby’s discussion of the We Rise program. When Ruby is late to class, her teacher Mrs. Thomas insists that poorer Black girls like Ruby do not get second chances. Mrs. Thomas does not say this to be cruel; rather, she says it to push Ruby to keep working hard. What Mrs. Thomas does not understand is that some of Ruby’s circumstances are beyond her control. However, her Aunt Marie proves supportive. She is a nonconformist who goes to clubs in men’s clothes. It is implied that the people in these clubs partake in same-sex relations, which were stigmatized during the late 1940s-1950s. Still, Aunt Marie is willing to confront Mrs. Thomas and protect Ruby.
In art, the color lavender is often associated with royalty. In the novel, lavender symbolizes the inner circle, the world that Eleanor wants to join but is barred from. The ABC is a prestigious sorority whose members wear lavender scarves. When Eleanor prepares to go out with her roommate Nadine, who comes from greater means, she wears lavender perfume. This perfume symbolizes her entrance into the ABCs and Nadine’s world. Later, when Eleanor and love interest William go to a prestigious show, she wears Nadine’s lavender dress, again showing her entrance into a new world. This symbolism carries over to Ruby’s story, as her love interest Shimmy buys her lavender paint. Just as the ABCs embody a world beyond Eleanor’s reach at the moment, Ruby believes the same is true of Shimmy. Shimmy comes from greater means than Ruby, and he is white while she is Black. While he likes her, she is not welcome in his greater world, a world of more privilege due to racism against Black people.
While Ruby and Eleanor’s mothers are different, they both push their daughters to graduate from college in their own ways—illustrating the importance of Maternal Bonds. Ruby wants to rise above Inez’s circumstances, as she refuses to be dependent on men to survive. On the other hand, Eleanor’s parents sacrificed a great deal to fund her education, so she works hard for their sake.
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