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63 pages 2 hours read

Tan Twan Eng

The House of Doors

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Book 2, Chapters 12-18Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2, Chapter 12 Summary: “Willie”

Penang, 1921

Willie makes notes on Lesley’s story, more interested in hearing what else she has to say than in writing. Though he feels it betrays Lesley, Willie explains Robert’s affair. Gerald is unsurprised; he’s noticed Robert’s attention to him and laughs at the irony given that Lesley appears homophobic. Willie wonders if Gerald’s assessment of Robert’s interest is based in narcissism rather than reality. Gerald, who cannot return to England after being arrested for having sex with men, is sympathetic to Lesley’s reluctance to leave Penang, even for the sake of Robert’s health. He speaks with uncharacteristic longing about missing his mother. Gerald blames Syrie’s influence, causing Willie to frown at the crude, sexist terms Gerald uses to describe her. Gerald decides to get a job in New York following their trip, which leads Willie to feel their relationship will soon end.

Lesley, Willie, Gerald, and Robert visit the Protestant cemetery, which causes Willie to long for his childhood and think of his Aunt Sophie. Lesley confides that while she and Robert often brought writer friends here before the war, they haven’t visited since Robert’s return from the front. She shows Willie Arthur’s grandmother’s headstone. Robert shows Willie two graves: The first is Francis Light, who established Penang as a British Settlement; the second is James Scott, Francis Light’s business partner, cousin to Sir Walter Scott, and part of Robert’s family, many generations past. Scott, Robert brags, was the largest landowner in Penang; Lesley points out that Scott obtained that land by cheating a biracial “Eurasian” woman, Martina Rozells, out of the inheritance Light left her. Robert claims the world was different in those days, while Lesley contends little has changed. They inspect a worn, plain gravestone that leads Lesley to comment that cemeteries are places of forgetting, not of remembrance.

Book 2, Chapter 13 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1910

Part I:

The morning after learning of Robert’s affair, Lesley unpacks a Nyonya kebaya (a garment with Chinese, Malay, Siamese, Javanese, and European influences) from storage. Despite her admiration for the style, she rarely wears it due to Robert’s criticism of its Asian influences. She dons it for Arthur’s fundraising party. She is the only white attendee, and her attire attracts curious glances. She considers leaving but stays when Arthur tells her Sun and Geoff will soon arrive. She donates a large sum in her and Robert’s names. When she speaks with Geoff, she reveals she now knows the identity of Robert’s lover, whom she describes using racist and anti-gay slurs. To Geoff’s surprise, she still does not wish for a divorce, and finds it “liberating” to know that the “failure” of her marriage is not her fault. They debate the difference between adultery and polygamy, which Geoff cites as a cultural difference, and Geoff offers that Dr. Sun’s political goals are more important than any personal practices Geoff may dislike. Sun arrives and gives a stirring speech, though Lesley doubts that the rest of the audience is as affected as she is.

Sun admires Lesley’s attire and expresses his gratitude at having all his family together. A woman named Diana Chua asks if women will vote under Sun’s leadership; he says they will. Diana cites Queen Victoria’s description of women’s rights as “wicked folly,” framing Sun as “more enlightened” than the deceased queen. A storm looms, and all the guests except Lesley and Dr. Sun depart, and he expresses his dismay at “begging for crumbs from these rich, spoilt people” (205). Lesley chafes at the way Sun disparages Overseas Chinese while asking for their money. Sun departs, and Lesley and Arthur discuss Arthur’s collection of and admiration for Maugham. Arthur complements Lesley’s beauty, and they arrange to meet at “the House of Doors.” They travel there separately and, despite Lesley’s sense that she is doing something wrong, begin a sexual affair.

When she leaves, Arthur encourages her to keep the key to the house. Lesley feels a huge shift. She pauses at a photographer’s studio to be photographed in her Nyonya kebaya. When Robert returns from Kuala Lumpur, she is surprised at how easy she finds it to treat him normally and wonders at Robert finding her unchanged by her new affair.

Part II:

Lesley and Arthur continue their affair, though she insists on extreme caution about never sending notes or being seen together. At a party, Lesley encounters Wagner, Ethel’s lawyer, a week before the trial begins. He asks her to testify that Ethel normally dressed up for a night at home and to help quash rumors of Ethel’s affair with Steward. Lesley is uncertain, but Wagner presses; she is the only friend Ethel has left.

Lesley begins to spend more time in the House of Doors, with and without Arthur. Arthur plays a song based on a poem by Paul Verlaine, which Lesley finds romantic until she learns that Verlaine left his wife to have an affair with poet Arthur Rimbaud. Lesley is regularly surprised by evidence of Arthur’s Chinese heritage and is disrespectful of Arthur’s beliefs regarding his ancestors. He admits having visited Cassowary House, standing outside so he could picture Lesley during her regular life. This angers her, and they argue about Arthur’s casual disregard of the possibility that his wife could be having an affair as well. She admits Robert is unfaithful, which annoys Arthur, who feels their affair is an act of revenge. Arthur tells her the legend of the casuarina tree whispering the future under the full moon.

Arthur offers to accompany Lesley to Kuala Lumpur for Ethel’s trial, but she declines. She explains she has been summoned as a witness, admitting to Ethel’s affair. Arthur encourages Lesley not to go to the trial, insisting they will never hang a white woman, even if she’s found guilty. Lesley opines that the trial will soon be forgotten, and Ethel will return to her usual life, which she feels is right.

Book 2, Chapter 14 Summary: “Willie”

Penang, 1921

Robert is ill, and when Willie helps him to bed and confides that Lesley has been sharing Ethel’s story, Robert makes reference to Ethel’s father and husband and “what they did” to Ethel (221) but falls asleep before he can clarify. Willie asks Lesley what Robert meant, and she claims not to know. She asks if Willie knew about Robert’s sexual interest in men, and the two quarrel when Lesley asks how Willie’s affair affects his wife. She finds him later and confides that she has struggled not to discuss Robert’s affair with anyone. Willie tells her that Syrie has used her powerful connections to ensure Gerald cannot return to England, and suggests that, in marrying Robert, Lesley has saved him from persecution, a perspective she dismisses. Willie inquires about Ethel.

Book 2, Chapter 15 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1910

Part I:

Ethel’s trial arrives, the courtroom packed. Lesley is astonished to realize how much has changed in her own life since the inquest and is anxious to be called as a witness. Ethel, who looks wan after her time in jail, is unhappy to see Lesley. William Proudlock is called to testify about the day of the killing, including about the gun involved, which Ethel had purchased for his birthday, five days before the shooting. He recounts going to dinner with a friend and returning to find Ethel in distress over shooting Steward, then relays the story Ethel told him of that night, in which Steward suddenly attacked her, leading Ethel to shoot him with a nearby revolver. The prosecutor asks about Ethel’s “moral conduct,” which William defends. When asked about Ethel’s health, he reveals she has leucorrhoea (a medical term used to describe thick vaginal discharge, which may reflect normal hormone fluctuations or possible infection, including those caused by sexually transmitted infections); William characterizes this as causing Ethel pain and affecting her mood. The prosecutor inquires about a trip William took to Hong Kong, which Lesley knows to be when Ethel had sex with Steward.

Next, Goodman Ambler, the friend with whom William dined the evening of Steward’s death, testifies. He stayed with Ethel while William fetched a doctor and reports her fluctuating mood and rambling that “he made me do it” (234), though he cannot make sense of her words. After court adjourns for the day, Lesley records details in her journal, wishing for Arthur.

The following day, Detective Inspector Charles Wyatt testifies that prints from a lady’s shoes were found next to Steward’s body, the revolver nearby. Dr. Edward McIntyre testifies to the absence of injuries on Edith, though she had bloodstains on her front and back. He reports Edith’s clarity of mind after the incident, which he comments as surprising, following an attempted assault and a killing. On cross-examination, the doctor reports seeing Edith the next day and finding her more distressed and bruised on her arms and legs, which he allows could have been from the previous day. Dr. McIntyre comments on Edith’s leucorrhoea, calling her “a nervous and hysterical woman” (238).

Inspector Frederick Ferrant reports finding a chest of drawers full of European-style women’s and girl’s clothes at Steward’s house; appalled, Lesley wonders if Edith took her daughter to her assignations at Steward’s home. He encountered four Chinese women at Steward’s house, one of whom wept violently when she learned of his death. Ferrant’s implication that Steward was having an affair with that woman is corroborated by one of Steward’s friends. Lesley recognizes the prosecution’s plan to present Ethel as having murdered Steward due to jealousy.

Part II:

Lesley trims newspaper clippings about the trial, adding them to her journal. As the case continues, Ethel’s spirits improve, and her lawyer asserts she will be acquitted. When called to testify, Lesley emphasizes Ethel’s love of clothes but denies that Ethel had an affair with Steward. Ethel is called to testify next. She explains that she only invited Steward to her verandah out of politeness and that he attacked her suddenly. Her shots, she claims, were intended to frighten him; she shot once or twice but does not remember what happened next. She cannot account for the other four shots and claims no memory of what she said to Goodman Ambler. She denies an affair, declaring, “I would rather be convicted of murder than live out the rest of my life under the cloud of being an unfaithful wife” (245).

Part III:

The final day of the trial arrives, and, to the astonishment of both Lesley and the rest of the courtroom, Ethel is convicted and sentenced to death by hanging. Ethel, who has been stoic throughout the trial, breaks down weeping as she is taken back to jail.

Book 2, Chapter 16 Summary: “Willie”

Penang, 1921

Willie and Robert visit Penang Hill. They are carried to the top by Tamil workers in dhoolies, wicker armchairs hoisted by poles. At the top, they have lunch at a restaurant that looks out over George Town. Willie prods Robert to recall his comment about Ethel, but Robert claims ignorance of what he meant. Robert points out various half-completed buildings that he won’t see finished, given his intent to move to South Africa. He asks if Willie, like Lesley, thinks him “barmy.” Willie responds with the tale of a doctor, intending to punish his unfaithful wife, who moved their family to a remote village in China, where he contracted cholera and died. He recalls that the woman returned to Hong Kong and is happily married to her lover, but he tells Robert that the woman never left the remote village where her husband is buried. Robert admits that moving is drastic, but that he has no other option. Willie offers to visit in South Africa. 

Book 2, Chapter 17 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1910

Part I:

After the trial, Lesley returns to Penang. The atmosphere is tense at Tong Meng Hui headquarters, but Lesley never asks for details. Tong Meng Hui publishes its first newspaper in Penang, called the Glorious China Daily; the first issue contains an article by Arthur about Ethel, which Lesley considers fair and objective. Letters in various Penang papers claim that a European woman shouldn’t be sentenced to hang for “defending her honour” (254). Ethel’s lawyers file for an appeal and send a petition to the Sultan of Selangor asking for leniency, which cannot be granted until the appeal is tried. Lesley visits Ethel, who reports that she has withdrawn the appeal and requested a pardon from the Sultan. Lesley urges her to reconsider, but Ethel ignores her.

Robert travels with Peter Ong. Lesley is happy with Arthur and muses on the irony that she and Robert “each had [their] own Chinese lover” but can never discuss this (255). When he returns from Kuala Lumpur, Robert reports outrage among the European community that Ethel, a white woman, has put her fate in the hands of an Asian ruler. He further reports that Dr. Sun will be deported the following day as a result of a speech criticizing British rule of Malaya. Robert urges Lesley, whom he still suspects to be having an affair with Sun, to bid him farewell.

Part II:

Lesley travels to the docks to say goodbye to Sun; he thanks her for her help with his cause, and she urges his family to visit her if they need anything, as they will be staying in Penang. He encourages her to visit China after the revolution. Sun’s deportation incites his supporters. One morning, visiting the House of Doors, Lesley notices the hamsa carved into the front doors. Arthur saw it in Maugham’s books and liked it for “their” house.

Part III:

In August, an insurrection in Canton is quickly quelled by the imperial army, leading to the execution of more than seventy revolutionaries. The reading club debates the efficacy of Sun’s leadership, though Lesley is convinced he will succeed. The following month, a larger uprising begins in Wuchang, then spreads to neighboring provinces. Sun hurries from America to Canton to lead the uprising, despite not having organized it.

Part IV:

Arthur tells Lesley he plans to go to China to fight in the revolution. Lesley, not wishing to lose him, accuses him of being selfish. They see each other once more before Arthur’s departure; Lesley gifts him an amulet in the shape of the hamsa, which she says is to keep him safe. He says he will write, but she refuses. She promises to wait in Penang for his return. She asks him to play “L’heure exquise,” based on the Verlaine poem, then the two kiss farewell.

Part IV:

A week after Arthur’s departure, the doors with the Japanese samurai poem are delivered to Lesley’s house. Robert tells her that the Sultan of Selangor will pardon Ethel on the condition that she leave Malaya and not return. Robert says this is better, as “her own people—us whites—will never forgive her” (262). Ethel visits Lesley on her way to England, thanks Lesley for her support, and says her husband forced her to kill Steward, though she won’t explain more. Ethel promises to keep in touch but doesn’t.

Part V:

In January 1912, Lesley learns Dr. Sun is now President Sun Yat Sen. She thinks of Arthur and, though she goes to the reading club to cheer Sun’s success, feels she no longer belongs there. She watches many Chinese men snip off their Manchu-mandated hairstyles at an open-air barber, envious at their chance to start a new life as she feels she is returning to her old one.

Book 2, Chapter 18 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1921

After concluding her story, Lesley feels sad instead of liberated, as she’d expected. She invites Willie to the beach, where clouds of plankton light up with bioluminescence in the water. They swim naked, Willie reluctantly, their movements lighting up the plankton. Lesley sinks into the water, not realizing she is running out of air until Willie grabs her and pulls her to the surface. They float together, looking up at the stars.

Book 2, Chapters 12-18 Analysis

In this section, the novel continues to explore the pervasive effects of injustice in various forms—and, correspondingly, how white victims of injustice center themselves in that suffering to the point of omitting all others’ perspectives, which furthers the theme of Gender, Race, and Equality in a Colonial Mindset. Indeed, this logic mimics colonialist logic that centers European perspectives and cultures as the perspectives and cultures that should be instituted, including via violence, globally—even while insistently framing non-white and non-European people as perpetual outsiders to these mandated perspectives, cultures, languages, and legal systems.

In this portion of the novel, this is represented through the intersection of racist biases and anti-gay bias, following Lesley’s discovery that Robert’s affair is with a Chinese man. Lesley is disgusted by the revelation, replacing the betrayal she felt when she believed Robert to be sleeping with another (presumably white) woman. The issues of race and gender become conflated in the face of Lesley’s biases; she cannot separate them, nor can she seem to decide which she finds more appalling, that her husband is having an affair with a man, or that he’s having an affair with someone Chinese. Biases thus emerge as mutually reinforcing; Lesley, who considers herself more liberal and enlightened than many of the other Europeans she knows, uses anti-gay and anti-Chinese slurs to describe Peter Ong when she discusses Robert’s affair with her brother, Geoff. Her prejudices, when held together, multiply each other. Her own affair with Arthur Loh does not diminish this attitude. Instead, Lesley performs mental gymnastics that allow her to desire and even care for Arthur without pushing her to challenge or even recognize her own racist biases, as evidenced in her continual surprise when Arthur expresses thoughts that she finds ostentatiously Chinese. Her own prejudices and colonial mindset are so deeply set in her character that she remains completely unaware of them.

In Lesley’s conversation with Willie, however, Willie projects another image onto Robert’s affair, one that casts Lesley as a hero, however unwittingly. He emphasizes the fear of gay men following the Oscar Wilde trials (in which writer Oscar Wilde was imprisoned for two years for “gross indecency”—a term that was nearly synonymous with gay people during the period in England) and frames marriage to Lesley as a safe harbor for a gay man. Willie, despite reporting enjoying sex with women, does not consider either himself or Robert in terms of a sexuality that may include enjoying intercourse with members of both sexes—i.e., bisexuality or pansexuality—suggesting that criminalization of gay sex may have led to a flattening of gay identity. Lesley, however, is unimpressed by this framing. While she can see only the pain (which is heavily informed by bias) that she has suffered, Willie can only see his own framework as a white, gay man, underscoring their inabilities to the see beyond their own fixed mindsets and sufferings.

This portion of the novel also emphasizes the notion of the body as a site of injustice, which speaks to the theme of Gender, Race, and Equality in a Colonial Mindset. This appears most evidently in the Proudlock trial section, in which various witnesses (all men) report Ethel’s physical and mental state following the killing of William Steward. Ethel’s body becomes synonymous with a “body of proof”; Ethel is twice forced to strip naked and stand in front of bright lights so that the doctor can inspect her body for bruising. Then, she is metaphorically stripped a third time when this story is used against her in court by a doctor who makes clear that he does not believe her story. She is portrayed as insufficiently traumatized, compared to how her doctor feels a woman “should” be following an attempted rape, which is used both as a sign of her duplicity and of her moral failings. Edith, in this framing, cannot win; if she wasn’t raped, she is a murderer; if she was, she is not appropriately shocked, which suggests that she, herself, is not appropriate.

In the end, Ethel is lying—and she suffers gendered violence, given that she faces homelessness for herself and her daughter (in what might be, in modern parlance, considered economic abuse as well as intimate partner violence) if she doesn’t go along with her husband’s plan to have her shoot her lover. Injustice, Tan argues, thus does not follow an “either/or” setup. Ethel is lying about the rape, and it is still a form of sexist violence for the men in her trial to use her body as evidence. A briefer episode that frames the body as a site of injustice occurs in Chapter 16, in which Willie and Robert are carried up a mountain by Tamil workers, only to complain that the coming funicular will be “less thrilling” than being carried on the shoulders of others, to eat at a restaurant in which they look down on the rest of Penang. Despite the directness of this symbolism, Willie and Robert do not appear to recognize it at all. The injustices of race and gender are thus, Tan presents, not “either/or” as well. They are, by contrast, intertwined, overlapping, and mutually reinforcing. 

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