24 pages • 48 minutes read
Nathaniel HawthorneA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Imagery refers to an author’s use of detailed language to evoke a specific feeling or concept in the reader. Hawthorne relies on religious imagery to illustrate the theme of The Danger of Strict Religious Beliefs. When the lady sees the vision of the church service, she is afraid of the “unprovoked wrath which blazed up like the spontaneous kindling of flames” (Paragraph 15). The lady may be afraid, but she is not shocked or confused because that is how Puritan church services were conducted. Since she was raised in such a strict religious environment, she did not have the emotional or spiritual support she needed to deal with her child’s terminal illness. The old woman refers to the church service as a “madhouse” (Paragraph 16). At this time, the word “madhouse” was a disparaging word for a psychiatric hospital. Instead of being a safe, calm place, the church is a place filled with chaos and strife, unable to provide the lady with the support that she needed.
Diction refers to the author’s intentional choice of words in a narrative. The diction used in the story contributes to the story’s ominous mood. The narrator states that “gray tradition tells” (Paragraph 1) that the area where the two women are meeting was once used for Satanic rituals. The term “gray tradition” refers to stories that are on the outskirts of traditional lore. Unlike Biblical moralistic stories, the story of the Satanic rituals is murky and shrouded in mystery, lending an ominous air to the story. The story is set in a time “when fantastic dreams and madmen’s reveries were realized among the actual circumstances of life” (Paragraph 1). This word choice prepares the reader for the mysterious events that will occur. Since the narrator establishes that dreams and reveries (daydreams) are able to come true in this story, the reader will be able to accept that the old woman can show the lady visions.
Foreshadowing occurs when an event or detail in a story reveals future events or the possibility of future events that later come to fruition. Throughout the story, Hawthorne foreshadows the lady’s death. The lady is described as being “smitten with an untimely blight in what should have been the fullest bloom of her years” (Paragraph 1). A blight is an old-fashioned word for an illness. Although the untimely blight is never named, her illness foreshadows that she will die by the end of the story. The old woman and the lady are meeting at a place where “no mortal could observe them” (Paragraph 1). The unusual choice of the word “mortal” to refer to other people foreshadows a supernatural element in the character of the old woman. The word mortal also hints at the lady’s death. The foreshadowing in this story contributes to the overall mood and sense of tension, preparing the reader for something ominous that is going to happen.
A foil is a character who serves as a contrast to more fully develop another character. In the story, the old woman initially seems to be the foil to the lady. Their physical descriptions set them up as opposites; the lady is young and beautiful while the old woman is old, and the assumption can be made that the lady is good and the old woman is evil. However, further reading reveals the lady to have deserted her family. Though she is a sympathetic character, she is not fully innocent due to both The Danger of Strict Religious Beliefs that she has faced and The Destructiveness of Pain and Guilt that she deals with. The lady’s death at the end of the story further illustrates The Destructiveness of Pain and Guilt. Due in part to the shame she carries, the lady dies before the old woman, again juxtaposing their characters to reveal their individual traits and differences.
By Nathaniel Hawthorne