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Kathleen KentA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
At the end of July, Tom and Sarah are working in the hayloft of the barn when they notice a rabid stray dog approaching. Hannah is down below, directly in line with the animal if it should choose to attack. Sarah wants to retrieve the flintlock, but there isn’t time. Thinking quickly, Tom takes some pebbles from his pocket and throws them past the dog, drawing its attention away from the children. Afterward, he reminds Sarah that he isn’t a weakling but can also help take care of the family. He then follows the dog and shoots it. At his words, Sarah thinks, “There was a shifting away of something weighty and grasping about my shoulders” (237).
By the beginning of August, Martha’s sentence is handed down: She’s scheduled to be hanged on the 19th. By the 10th, Sarah and Tom are arrested and taken in for questioning. They appear before nine judges and the girls who accuse them of witchcraft: “I saw a group of young women and girls standing in tortured agony, their hands clapped over their mouths as if they were nailed there, cawing and moaning and straining to speak through their fingers” (241).
When questioned, Sarah and Tom do as their mother instructed. They ruefully admit that they’re witches and learned the craft from Martha. The court trots forth the various people with whom Sarah and Tom argued to testify that the Carrier children either cursed or bewitched them. After the examination, the accused are taken to the Salem jail. Sarah describes entering the dank, crowded cellar cells: “It was like crawling headfirst into a midden that had been rained upon and then sealed with a tight canvas under a baking sun. The smell of rot was so sharp and so far-reaching that my eyes ran over” (248). She and Tom are placed in the women’s cell, which is packed with young and old in a deplorable state.
Across the corridor, Martha is held in a cell with the condemned, while her older sons are in the adjoining men’s cell. Sarah can exchange a few words with her mother and brothers. The children are then clamped into eight-pound manacles whose expense is charged to their father. All the prisoners depend on food and clothing that their families supply. If no one provides them with food, they starve. Thomas brings whatever food he can, but it’s barely enough to keep his loved ones alive. Sarah describes the rats, lice, and horrific sanitary conditions in the cell. She finds her cousin Margaret and her Aunt Mary, but the latter refuses to speak to her and drives her away. The next morning, the jailer’s wife, Goody Corwin, comes to the cells, offering to barter clothing for food. Some of the prisoners are wearing nothing but bare shifts. Goody Corwin later sells their garments and turns a profit.
Sarah and Tom grow concerned because their brother Andrew has become feverish. A wound under his manacle has become infected, and blood poisoning has set in. A doctor is summoned, but he demands payment and says that Andrew’s arm must be amputated. The boy refuses the surgery, and Sarah threatens to curse the doctor. His fear of witchcraft causes him to leave in a hurry. Sarah and Tom are sure that Andrew will die soon, and they keep watch over him, but his fever miraculously breaks, and the infection subsides. This leads some of the other inmates to think that Sarah has used witchcraft to cure him. More likely, the salve applied by the doctor helped reverse the infection.
The following Monday, a young doctor named Ames comes to minister to the sick in the women’s cell. He tells Sarah that he’s a friend of her father’s. He also explains that Thomas didn’t kill Uncle Roger, as Sarah suspected. In his last days, Roger repented for his bad behavior. Rather than betraying his wife and daughter by naming them as witches, he used foxglove to take his own life. Doctor Ames gave him a quantity of the drug because Roger complained of a heart condition, but he knew that taking too much at one time would mimic a heart attack. Sarah is relieved that her father wasn’t responsible for Roger’s death. Ames tells her that the note Thomas received from her uncle the night before he died was a confession.
The week passes in misery as Sarah counts down the days to her mother’s execution. Thomas arrives to bid his wife farewell the night before. The following morning, Martha’s children are distraught as she’s led away: “She was not given the chance to linger, to touch or embrace her sons and daughter, but she sought out each of us with her eyes and lingered there in prideful silence” (285-86). Thomas is present at the execution site so that he can be with Martha during her last moments.
After her mother’s death, Sarah is filled with grief and guilt for having testified against Martha, even though her mother instructed her to do so. Sarah develops a fever and is delirious for days. During this time, Tom and Margaret tend to her needs. When Sarah starts to recover, Margaret tells her that Martha came to her in a vision and was sorry that Sarah was ill, instructing her daughter to “hold fast the stone” (317). This was a reference to an earlier conversation between mother and daughter that Margaret couldn’t have known about. Interpreting this as a sign of her mother’s forgiveness, Sarah begins to recover.
By the end of September, the inmates’ fortunes begin to change for the better. Increase Mather, the father of famed theologian and witch persecutor Cotton Mather, comes to inspect the cells and is appalled by what he sees. Right after this visit, he uses his influence with the governor to plead for the release of the children being held. By October 6, bail is arranged for the children from Andover, and all the Carriers are freed. Thomas is waiting outside the jail to take them home. His youngest, Hannah, has been placed in the care of Reverend Dane’s family during this time and remains with them. Sarah is again sorrowful at being separated from Margaret, whose release will be delayed.
The book’s final chapter covers Sarah’s life between 1692 and 1735 as she recounts the various events in her later life. The family returned to the Andover farm but were free of harassment from their neighbors, some of whom still harbored the fear that the Carriers might curse them. By May 1693, all the remaining prisoners in the Salem jail were declared not guilty and freed. In 1695, Margaret was abducted by Indigenous people, and Mary was killed. Although everyone assumed that Margaret must also be dead, Sarah had dreams in later years suggesting that her cousin lived. By 1701, the entire Carrier family relocates to a homestead in Colchester, Connecticut, where they prosper.
All the Carrier children marry and have families of their own. Thomas dies at the age of 109, having lived to see his wife’s name cleared, along with all the others who were wrongly condemned. In 1735, Sarah finally works up the courage to read the contents of the red book. In its pages, her parents come alive to her again: “Bringing the sharp, reflecting mirror of history through the air, cleaving at once and forever, past from future, darkness from illumination, servitude from liberty” (334). She concludes her tale by noting that her parents’ history always “was there, like a step-stone in a swift-moving river” (334).
The book’s final segment details the atrocities of imprisonment for those accused of witchcraft during the Salem trials. In describing the cruelty, neglect, and profiteering that occurred, the book highlights once more The Dangers of Theocracy, highlighting the full horror of these abuses by depicting them firsthand through the eyes of a child. Not only must Sarah appear before the judges and the hysterical girls who accuse her of hurting them invisibly, but she must confess to witchcraft and name her mother as the person responsible for teaching her the craft. At this point, the judges are acting with the community’s full support. Everyone considers these men the ultimate authority on spiritual matters. If they believe the witness testimony of invisible attacks, then the community gives credibility to the accusers and not the accused. Sarah says:
I looked across the faces of the men before me and saw in their eyes interest and enmity, curiosity and fearfulness, but to a person I saw nothing that could be called in good faith compassion or pity or even reserved judgment (243).
In addition to the arrogance of the judges, the prisoners must contend with avaricious community members who hope to turn a profit from their discredited neighbors. After Thomas’s wife and children are manacled, he must pay the cost of their shackles. The sheriff’s wife visits the cells every few days to inspect the clothing of the newest prisoners and offers to trade some morsel of food for their gowns, which she later sells. Her husband is equally predatory, as Sarah relates: “The day following the executions, Sheriff Corwin went with his deputies and seized property and goods belonging to the Parkers and the Wardwells. They were claimed for the Crown but the Corwins got the best of it” (303).
The doctor who comes to amputate Andrew’s arm demands payment upfront. Desperate, Thomas pawns what he can to raise the money. Fortunately, his son recovers, and the doctor is dismissed. The latter is more concerned about his lost fee than about the boy’s health. All these behaviors indicate a system that seeks to exert power over those less fortunate. Not only do the clerics, town officials, and doctors profit from misfortune, but the common folk seem so intent on maintaining their respectability before the theocrats who govern them that they’ll turn on their neighbors. Sarah realizes this corrupt state of affairs when she views the faces of her fellow prisoners:
In common to all of these wives and mothers and sisters who had worked and prayed and midwifed in good faith with their neighbors was the searching, confused gaze that they should be accused and imprisoned and seemingly forgotten by those same neighbors. (255).
While this segment highlights the atrocities of the Puritan court, it also circles back thematically to Legacies of the Past. After the witch trials ended and reason was restored, the town fathers sought to cover their shame by erasing the record of their actions. However, Martha’s final injunction to Sarah demands that her daughter preserve the real facts. On her way to the gallows, Martha says, “There is no death in remembrance. Remember me, Sarah. Remember me, and a part of me will always be with you” (286).
The book’s final pages reveal that Sarah has not only preserved the red book but has now added a personally painful section regarding her own experiences during the witch trials. While she intends to preserve her family’s legacy, she’s also preserving the truth for some future time when another tyrant might try to exert absolute control. She comes to this realization as she reads her family’s epic struggle recorded in the red book:
The thundering shift of ideas, inscribed with ink faded to the rusted color of blood, which said that a land and its people could be governed without the smothering, grasping hand of a monarch. But that men being what they are will supplant that monarch with another so-called protector of the people, who will suppress and fight and betray his way back into tyranny (331).
The one antidote preventing the return of such tyranny is the preservation of the past. As her mother asked her to do, Sarah honors the sacrifices of her parents by remembering.
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