39 pages • 1 hour read
Graham GreeneA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
After the rains, Scobie heads out in a police boat to greet Louise as her liner anchors outside the port. He rehearses welcome greetings and hopes to catch her in a public room, as it would be easier to greet her amidst strangers. To his dismay, he finds Louise alone in a cabin and offers up customary platitudes, telling her he missed her. The couple return home where Louise tells Scobie he needs to start attending Mass and communion. Scobie jokes that “adultery is more fun” and lies to Louise, saying he has to go check on Wilson. In reality, Scobie is off to visit Helen who is irritated with their changed circumstances. Scobie tells Helen that Louise wants him to attend Mass, to which Helen questions Scobie’s Catholic commitments. Scobie responds to her derision by saying that despite Church teachings, “one has the conviction that love—any kind of love—does deserve a bit of mercy” (194). Helen remains scornful, but Scobie reassures her that he will never leave her.
Meanwhile, Wilson visits Louise after Scobie leaves and professes his love to her. He tells her about Scobie and Helen’s affair, to which Louise is indifferent. She tells Wilson to stop “play-acting” (199) and strikes his face when he refers to Scobie as “Ticki,” the affectionate name Louise uses for her husband. Wilson also reveals that Scobie is involved in a shady scheme with Yusef, which Louise finds incredulous. Later, Helen tells Scobie about Wilson’s romantic interests in her and to be careful around Wilson because he is spying on him.
On the way to confession, Scobie wonders whether he will live amid sin and continue committing adultery or whether he will abandon Helen. He also ruminates on how Catholics are “damned by [their] knowledge” (203). Father Rank arrives and Scobie confesses his adultery. Father Rank tells him he cannot offer him absolution because Scobie remains uncontrite. Despite being refused absolution, Scobie attends Mass with Louise but feels wretched. As the Canon of the Mass starts, Scobie feels that his damnation is inevitable and only a miracle can save him. Feeling his saliva and veins dry up, Scobie takes the Host from Father Rank, which resembles the “pale papery taste of an eternal sentence on the tongue” (209).
Scobie visits the bank manager, Robinson, and inquires about his medical encyclopedia. Scobie reads an entry on angina pectoris, a coronary condition. At the Commissioner's office, Scobie learns that Robinson has been given two years to live due to a terminal illness. Scobie reflects on Robinson’s joyousness and feels envious of him. Outside by the car, Scobie asks his servant Ali if Wilson has ever propositioned him. Despite Ali’s denial, Scobie feels paranoid. Scobie jettisons off to Helen’s where the couple quarrel once again. This time, Ali is present, and Scobie’s paranoia intensifies, saying he has “lost the trick of trust” (218) and doesn’t trust Ali despite 15 years of loyal service.
At home, a package arrives containing a diamond, presumably from Yusef. Ali catches an intruder— one of Yusef’s boys—in Scobie’s home. Scobie is alarmed that Ali has such intimate knowledge of his involvement with Yusef, not to mention his extramarital relationship with Helen. At Yusef’s, Scobie confesses his adultery and admits his growing distrust of Ali. He feels tremendous relief at having shifted his burdens onto Yusef. Yusef promises to take care of Ali, to which Scobie offers his reluctant consent. After Yusef sends one of his boys to fetch Ali, Scobie hears the sound of a tortured cry that “swam up like a drowning animal” (230). Alarmed, Scobie rushes outside and finds Ali’s dead body under a pile of petrol drums. Observing Ali’s lifeless, yellowed eyes, Scobie thinks to himself that he can trust him again. A corporal approaches and asks Scobie what happened. Although he can’t weep or feel pain, Scobie responds that he loved him, and considers his complicity in Ali’s murder.
Scobie’s complicity in the death of Ali marks the second prong in Scobie’s descent into abominable mortal sin. Scobie’s moral crisis has now resulted in adultery and murder. His eternal damnation is eventually capped off by the ultimate “unforgivable sin,” suicide, but these other immoral actions serve to convince readers of the irrevocability of his sinful descent. If one adheres to Church teachings, Scobie’s sins are simply too great to elicit God’s mercy.
Cognizant of his irreparable actions, Scobie’s God complex leads him to envision himself as the cross upon which Christ is sacrificed. He tells himself, “God would never work a miracle to save Himself, I am the cross” (209) before offering up his damnation to save the objects of his pity: Louise and Helen. Scobie sees his damnation as akin to the sacrifice of Christ in its ability to absolve the sins of others, in particular the pitiable. Whether delusional or not, what is important for Greene is the symbolism of conflating the sinner and the saint. This is the paradox that is key to The Heart of the Matter.
In the novel’s epigraph, Greene includes a quotation from Charles Péguy, the French Catholic writer, which reads: “The sinner is at the very heart of Christianity. Nobody is so competent as the sinner in matters of Christianity. Nobody, except the saint.” This paradox of the sinful saint leads inexorably to Greene’s other predominant theme: anti-institutional religion. A core doctrine of Christianity is original sin, which is a burden that all Christians bear from birth. There is an element of what Wood calls “theological fatalism” which manifests through Scobie’s heretical interrogations of Church doctrine. Legalistically, Scobie’s immoral actions are a violation of the Church; yet Scobie’s personal sense of duty and responsibility lingers. Through Scobie’s dual personification of the sinner and the saint, readers are left wondering what theological and personal laws are primary, and how can a fallible Church possibly understand God’s love and mercy.
By Graham Greene