77 pages • 2 hours read
Kwame AlexanderA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In Nana Mosi’s storytelling voice, the big war is described as a feud between the kings of Upper and Lower Kwanta land. They shared the land and its crops in peace originally, including all the gold from the river, but then a week’s worth of mining went missing. Their King of the Upper region, Manu Bambara II, went to find the suspected thieves in King Nii Boateng’s house. King Boateng was entertaining guests, and he didn’t appreciate King Bambara’s accusations. A vicious war ensued, killing many men and wrecking homes. Finally, King Bambara blocked off the other side’s access to the river, land, and rich soil, and the other side began to starve. In this way, King Bambara caused a truce and treaty, which ended the war.
The terms of the treaty between Lower and Upper Kwanta are explained, including that there will be “perpetual peace” between the two sides (61). Upper Kwanta was given full governance of the river, but they give Lower Kwanta its fair distribution of gold each year. Lower Kwanta was allowed to plant and farm on their land too. Every year, they agreed to have a festival to celebrate this treaty. If either side ever broke it, they would be punished according to their culture’s laws.
Kofi’s cousin starts a dispute on the playground about how the people in the Lower tribe are wretched and lesser than them. Ama defends that they’re all the same tribe. The cousin rebukes that they have the gold, and that’s all that matters. Kids whisper about the Lower tribe making a fortress and planning to attack, but the cousin says his father has a gun. Kofi yells, like Ama, that they are all the same tribe.
Ama calls the cousin a fool, and everyone laughs. He gets so upset that he punches Kofi in the stomach.
Ama jumps in front of Kofi’s cousin, calling him an animal. He lifts her off the ground and kisses her, stating that she likes it. Kofi is shocked.
Kofi’s cousin is much taller and stronger than him. He marches around like a soldier, and chops wood with the men. Still, his strength and influence don’t matter because he disrespected Ama by kissing her. Kofi thinks this insult against Ama means war.
Kofi runs full speed into his cousin, catching him by surprise. He overcomes his cousin, who lies in the mud. Everyone around them is shocked. His cousin gets up and sings a war song, which the other kids chant.
Kofi’s cousin was born a week before him, and they’ve always been competitive. His cousin has always won their battles. Though their mothers will chastise them for fighting, his cousin wants his blood.
Kofi’s cousin hits him in the jaw. On the ground, he wraps his arms around Kofi’s neck, strangling him to near death. Kofi can’t breathe.
Mr. Phillip tells them they aren’t “savages.” He makes Kofi, his cousin, and Ama stay behind from lessons and read Henry VI by Shakespeare as punishment.
Mr. Phillip makes Kofi stay the longest, sweeping the classroom, organizing journals, and more. He tells Kofi he is a smart boy, full of ambition, and can one day leave this village, go to a missionary school, and explore the world. His intelligence will get him places, unlike his rough cousin. Kofi shares that he doesn’t want to leave Kwanta, since it’s their home. Mr. Phillip wants him to think bigger.
Kofi is released just in time to meet Ebo and other friends at the river. Ebo has a board made of timber, but Kofi just swims, feeling jealous of the board.
Kofi likes to swim to a big rock away from people, out where the water is clear and the stream steady. He goes there to think in solitude.
Kofi swings from the trees into the Offin River, floating toward his rock. He lays in the water until late, watching the sun set.
Their mother doesn't want Kofi in the water at night, due to the curse the river supposedly has after sundown. Kofi argues that he’s a great swimmer, but his big brother tells him that strange beasts come out at night, beasts no one can escape, no matter how great they swim. Kofi is gullible until Kwasi laughs. When Kofi emerges from the river, Kwasi tells him that they are having yams to celebrate Kwasi that evening. Kwasi has chosen to represent Upper Kwanta in the upcoming wrestling contest.
The conflict with Kofi’s cousin introduces underlying messages about using intelligence over violence, fighting for love, and pushing oneself into personal growth. His cousin, who represents brawn over brains—while Kofi is smaller and less physically fit but much smarter—bullies Kofi and others often. He acts as an antagonistic force, always outdoing Kofi. When his cousin takes his actions too far and kisses Ama, Kofi finally acts against him, attacking his cousin to defend Ama’s honor. He becomes braver and more action-driven, rather than hesitant and fearful. Kofi acts out of protection and love, his inner hero growing. His cousin nearly choking him to death shows the immense conflict Kofi faces and sets the foundation for Kofi’s need for Resilience and Survival. Mr. Phillip, who saves Kofi’s life, gives further weight to their conflict by stating Kofi can rise above his cousin’s violence: “Kofi, you are clear-sighted / with a good head. There are places / it can take you, if you do not squander / your smarts. Unlike your barbarian cousin, / who has the ambition of a toad” (77). Kofi embraces peace over violence and honors his talents instead of comparing them to others. Kofi can get further ahead in his life if he’s smart, kind, and strategic, traits he puts into practice through the swim contest and his future journey of survival.
Kofi’s crush on Ama is a main element to the plot that makes him act and react in specific ways. Ama, as a tenderhearted, mature girl, tries to make people like Kofi’s cousin see that they’re all Asante, rather than view the Lower tribe as enemies. She’s revealed as witty, smart, and confident to stand up to the cousin, unafraid because she’s empathetic to Lower Kwanta: “Without hesitation, Ama shakes her head / like she feels sorry for him, / then fires back / with a might / that could lift a log. / The mind of a fool is like a broken pot. It holds nothing” (63). While Kofi’s cousin thinks they are lesser because they don’t have gold and the cousin’s side will shoot them if they come on their side of the river, Ama states they are the same people, sharing the same dreams, food, etc. Kofi is inspired by her courage and doesn’t think twice about fighting his cousin after he kisses Ama without her consent. Ama provides a positive influence for Kofi to grow into a more confident, brave person. She’s also a catalyst for him to act for love.
The theme of The Power of Storytelling and Oral Tradition is embedded in the book, shown through Nana Mosi’s chapter beginnings with stories and through other folk tales. For instance, the story of the river being “cursed” at night and having “beasts” is passed around the tribe. Kwasi tells Kofi about these beasts, stating they have long necks, small heads, and “live under the river, only coming up at night because their skin burns beneath the sun. Brother, you are kidding? They are massive. If you listen, you can sometimes hear them in the forest…” (85). Although Kwasi admits he’s kidding around and laughs that Kofi is gullible, Kofi believes in the curse. He is deeply connected to the river and loves to swim, but he trusts in these stories, as all his people do. He honors his brother’s words and chooses not to swim at night. Since Kwasi doesn’t go into detail in his storytelling, readers are also left wondering what the “curse” is and if some sort of beasts exist. These questions are answered through Nana Mosi and Papa’s storytelling later, as the river is metaphorically cursed by their tribe’s wars and the white men wanting their gold and blood.
By Kwame Alexander
5th-6th Grade Historical Fiction
View Collection
7th-8th Grade Historical Fiction
View Collection
African American Literature
View Collection
African History
View Collection
Black History Month Reads
View Collection
Books & Literature
View Collection
Books on Justice & Injustice
View Collection
Books that Feature the Theme of...
View Collection
Books that Teach Empathy
View Collection
Brothers & Sisters
View Collection
Challenging Authority
View Collection
Childhood & Youth
View Collection
Colonialism & Postcolonialism
View Collection
Coming-of-Age Journeys
View Collection
Common Reads: Freshman Year Reading
View Collection
Community
View Collection
Diverse Voices (Middle Grade)
View Collection
Education
View Collection
Equality
View Collection
Family
View Collection
Fathers
View Collection
Fear
View Collection
Friendship
View Collection
Good & Evil
View Collection
Grief
View Collection
Guilt
View Collection
Juvenile Literature
View Collection
Loyalty & Betrayal
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
Mothers
View Collection
Nation & Nationalism
View Collection
New York Times Best Sellers
View Collection
Novels & Books in Verse
View Collection
Order & Chaos
View Collection
Power
View Collection
Safety & Danger
View Collection
Truth & Lies
View Collection
Valentine's Day Reads: The Theme of Love
View Collection