logo

77 pages 2 hours read

Kwame Alexander

The Door of No Return

Fiction | Novel/Book in Verse | Middle Grade | Published in 2022

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapter 1, Poems 1-22Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1, Intro Summary: “The Story of Offin”

Years ago, the Offin River in West Africa had tons of gold. The gold helped the native Asante people’s community, but then invaders came, disguised as friends. The Asante people fought off the invaders from stealing their gold. The Offin River has given their land rich forests, farmlands, and a boy of the same name. The day this boy, the storyteller’s grandson, Kofi Offin, was born, his mother squatted by the river. The baby fell into the water, and the river pulled him in, stopping the newborn’s crying. Ever since, 11-year-old Kofi and the river have been bound together.

Chapter 1, Poem 1 Summary: “The Storyteller”

Kofi’s grandfather Nana Mosi is the tribe’s great storyteller. He starts his tales with “There was even a time,” continuing with pauses, repetition, and smiles before he gets to the parts the listeners wait for (21). Nana Mosi is almost 80 years old, and Kofi hangs on to every word of his stories.

Chapter 1, Poem 2 Summary: “In the Dream”

In Kofi’s dream, he races across the jungle past a leopard and her cubs. He runs through grass, rocks, and trees to the river calling him.

Chapter 1, Poem 3 Summary: “Schooled”

In class, Kofi’s teacher, Mr. Goodluck Phillip, asks them facts about Queen Victoria. Kofi answers in their native Asante language called Twi, so Mr. Goodluck Philip slaps his hand with his cane, telling him to use “the Queen’s English” instead (25). Kofi’s hand welts up as his cousin, who thinks he’s better than him, smiles deviously. Kofi tries not to cry, especially in front of his classmate Ama.

Chapter 1, Poem 4 Summary: “Our Teacher”

Their teacher, Mr. Goodluck Phillip, used to be Kwaku Ansah. He was sent many seasons ago to “The Queen’s Missionary School” (28). When he returned, he’d changed his name and insisted the others needed to learn the same lessons and “improve” as he did.

Chapter 1, Poem 5 Summary: “On a Mission”

Mr. Phillip doesn’t smile, frowns when they speak their native Twi, and wears strange new collared shirts. Mr. Phillip now looks down upon their sacred native ways, swearing he’s been anointed to rescue them.

Chapter 1, Poem 6 Summary: “My Older Brother”

Kwasi, Kofi’s older brother, tells a story about Mr. Phillip. When the teacher insisted that they all speak the “mother tongue” of the queen, a student said his mother speaks Twi. For his insolence, Mr. Phillip slashed the boy with his cane on the buttocks. The boy’s butt was so sore, he couldn’t sit for three days.

Chapter 1, Poem 7 Summary: “Light Sentence”

Kofi’s punishment for not using the Queen’s English is to stay behind after school with Mr. Phillip and read William Shakespeare’s work. Kofi likes Shakespeare, which he’d never admit to Mr. Phillip. Before his punishment, his crush Ama came up to him at the end of class to cheer him up, encouraging him because he knew the right answer even though he didn’t say it in English. Kofi loved the way Ama smelled like honey and pine.

Chapter 1, Poem 8 Summary: “Ama”

Kofi has known Ama since they were babies on their mother’s backs as they sold yams and cassava at the market. They grew up together, swimming and dreaming, until Ama’s parents died. Now, Ama lives with her uncle, cleaning and working to earn her keep for food and shelter. Thus, Kofi typically only sees Ama at school.

Chapter 1, Poem 9 Summary: “After School”

After reading the English words of Shakespeare, Mr. Phillip praises Kofi’s efforts, telling him to roll his R’s better. Kofi hates the “alien” words, but he just thanks the teacher for his instruction.

Chapter 1, Poem 10 Summary: “Waiting for Me”

Kofi’s best friend, Ebo, is waiting for him outside of school. He’s with a band of younger kids, who are gathering gold specks from the streets and ditches after a heavy rainfall. The gold has flooded out from the Offin River.

Chapter 1, Poem 11 Summary: “Taken”

Ama, carrying water, timber, and her baby cousin, comes to Kofi with a soft green leaf. She rubs it on his hand’s wound from the teacher, making Kofi blush with affection for her. He thanks her, then they talk about swimming. Kofi thinks he would always swim if she was the river, but it’s too dark for him and Kwasi to swim tonight.

Chapter 1, Poem 12 Summary: “Where I Go”

After school every day, Kofi hides out in his oasis: the river. He swims and relaxes until nearly dark, when his brother Kwasi yells at him to get out. Kofi would stay in the water forever, but everyone in his village says the river is cursed at nighttime.

Chapter 1, Poem 13 Summary: “Conversation with Ebo”

Kofi’s best friend Ebo gives him kola nuts and red berries he picked. He thinks they’re a snack, but Ebo says they’re for him to present to Ama’s uncle when he asks to marry her, saying he’s obviously obsessed with Ama. Kofi denies this, and Ebo teases him that maybe he’ll marry his youngest sister Esi, since the others are married. They tease back and forth as they walk home.

Chapter 1, Poem 14 Summary: “Trouble”

Kwasi and Nana Mosi are playing a board game called Oware. No one ever beats Nana Mosi, so Kwasi is so concentrated that he barely looks up from the game. Kofi’s cousin came around earlier and told everyone about his wrongdoing and punishment.

Chapter 1, Poem 15 Summary: “After Losing”

Kwasi loses three times to Nana Mosi, then finds Kofi counting in English.

Chapter 1, Poem 16 Summary: “Conversation with Kwasi”

Kwasi says Mr. Phillip is miseducating everyone, but Kofi tells him that Mr. Phillip says he’s trying to widen their intellect. Kwasi thinks he’s trying to take away their culture. Kofi asks Kwasi to teach him how to fight, since their cousin picks on him a lot and beats him up. Instead of teaching him physical moves, Kwasi tells him to use his mind. He says their mother Maame is looking for him, and she’s not pleased.

Chapter 1, Poem 17 Summary: “Punishment”

Kofi is punished by going without food or water. Maame is waiting until his father gets home from his job of mining for his bigger punishment.

Chapter 1, Poem 18 Summary: “Gold Digger”

During the rainy season, Kofi’s father, Papa, leaves for days at a time to pan for gold. Papa brings a shovel he invented.

Chapter 1, Poem 19 Summary: “When I Was Smaller”

Before Kofi went to school, Papa took him panning for gold in the Offin River, too. While women panned on the banks, men rowed their boats in the water, diving under to try to find gold. Little Kofi waited in the boat, wondering what lay beyond their village.

Chapter 1, Poem 20 Summary: “When My Father Returns”

When Papa returns home, Kofi’s parents give him a lecture about discipline and responsibility. Kofi doesn’t understand why his caning from Mr. Phillip was so bad, especially since Maame gets mad at him for speaking English at home. They speak Twi in their house; at school, it’s different.

Maame gives him a new kente cloth to wear at an upcoming festival, and Kofi is thankful. They eat yams for dinner.

Chapter 1, Poem 21 Summary: “We Planted Yams”

The harvested yams are ripe, which means they will have the annual Kings Festival in Bayere. It also means they will eat yams for months, which Kofi is not looking forward to.

Chapter 1, Poem 22 Summary: “The Kings Festival”

The Kings Festival is an annual celebration, where Kofi will have eight days off from school. His people will perform plays, dress in kente costumes, bow to the Kings, honor the departed, share speeches about their history, and remember the big war.

Chapter 1, Poems 1-22 Analysis

Including over 20 poems in this section, Chapter 1 establishes the novel-in-verse structure as a means of presenting a profound story in a minimalistic manner. Alexander tells a story with themes of colonialism, race, family, culture, and more in short, direct, and metaphorical poems. For instance, he describes Kofi’s life with metaphors that showcase things like his shyness and affection for Ama: “Are you and Ebo going to swim now? [Ama asks]. / If the river is you, I will swim… is what I wish I could say” (38).

Besides the longer chapter introductions told from the wise story-telling Nana Mosi, the poems are quite brief. Despite their concision, they offer sensory details, emotions, characterization, voice, setting, etc. that create a full story. Kofi’s life is illustrated in short lines of poetry, sometimes with his poems being less than half a page. The interconnected poems propel the plot forward, increasing the narrative pacing due to their short length while building a visceral world for readers.

The theme of Cultural Identity and Colonialism is clear from the start. Losing their Asante culture is apparent through Mr. Goodluck Phillip, Kofi’s teacher. Mr. Phillip is one of their own tribe members, but he can be seen converting to English culture. He is an Asante man who traveled away to educate himself. Mr. Phillip came back as a missionary teacher committed to teaching the Queen’s English and literary works written in English, rather than honor his Asante folk talks and Twi language. His actions are considered disrespectful, as if he’s been brainwashed, by people like Nana Mosi and many others in the tribe. The education system is different with Mr. Phillip now, and Kofi being struck by his cane for not speaking English is a clear representation of the theme of colonialism overtaking their culture. Further, Kofi is conflicted on when to use their native Twi versus when to speak English. He is given mixed signals by his teacher and parents, but he thinks he is supposed to speak English in school but Twi everywhere else. Kofi’s confusion showcases the conflict between his cultural identity and the colonialism that has impacted his tribe. In contrast to Kofi’s conflicted feelings, Kwasi is more adamant that Mr. Phillip is brainwashing them and trying to overthrow their culture. Unlike his brother, Kofi is torn since he actually enjoys Shakespeare, but isn’t used to English and doesn’t like the change. This conflict of their cultural identity versus colonialism is based upon the historical facts of Europeans and Americans attempting to overtake Africans’ lands and ways of life.

As the protagonist, Kofi’s characterization and voice are embedded into each poem. Kofi is shown as a smart, quick-witted, shy, curious, and kind kid who is connected to the river and loves his family and friends deeply—positive and endearing qualities that make readers feel attached to him. In school, he tries to apply himself and learn, as shown by him doing his best to answer Mr. Phillip in the requested English. He feels guilty and terrible for being punished, though also confused on the larger context of their culture versus English culture. He wants to learn, showing his intelligence and curiosity both inside and outside of school. His questioning nature allows him to learn from multiple sources, receiving ongoing riddle and advice from people like Nana Mosi, a theme which continues throughout the book. Kofi is shown as fun-loving and caring, as he enjoys playing with Ebo and Kwasi, longs for beautiful Ama, and asks many questions of his grandfather Nana Mosi and others. Since Kofi can’t bring himself to tell Ama his feelings, his timid nature and fear are essential parts of his character. He also can’t stand up to his cousin, the main antagonist, who makes fun of Kofi often. With this foundational set-up of Kofi’s characterization, readers are prepared for him to change and grow. He must overcome his sheepish ways in his journey.

Lastly, the setting is highlighted as an important aspect of the story. Not only is Ghana, Africa, and their specific tribe essential to the story, but the Offin River is symbolic to their existence. Kofi’s innate connection to and love of water and the river is a large part of his personhood, and the river is also their resource for survival and a source of power. With the Offin River, their people can harvest gold. They also can use the jungle’s resources, like trees, for firewood and building houses, wild animals to eat, etc. As the most emphasized part of the setting, the Offin River is Kofi’s connection to water, foreshadowing his swimming competition with his cousin and character growth through swimming, where he will learn resilience and endurance. The river is also “cursed” at night, and this foreshadows the kidnapping Kofi will endure one night at the river later.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text