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50 pages 1 hour read

P. G. Wodehouse

The Code of the Woosters

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1938

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Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Young man-about-town Bertie Wooster, the novel’s first-person narrator, wakes in his London apartment with a throbbing hangover, the result of a “bachelor binge” he hosted the previous night for his old friend Gussie Fink-Nottle, a “fish-faced” biology afficionado who specializes in newts. Jeeves, his prodigiously capable valet, comes to his bedside with a bracing restorative. Jeeves is flawlessly cordial as ever, but a slight tension hangs in the air, owing to Wooster’s steadfast refusal to commit to an around-the-world cruise, which Jeeves thinks would be “highly educational” for him. Wooster moves the conversation to Gussie’s future father-in-law, a former judge named Sir Watkyn Bassett, who once fined Wooster five pounds for the attempted theft of a police helmet. Bassett, whom Wooster describes as a “hellhound,” has since inherited a fortune and retired to the country. Wooster doesn’t envy Gussie’s future filial connections to this man, and he briefly interrupts his narrative to foreshadow “old Pop Bassett’s” leading role in the “sinister affair” that is to follow (4).

The trouble starts with an invitation from his Aunt Dahlia, a somewhat bossy woman who publishes a women’s weekly called Milady’s Boudoir. To squeeze some money out of Tom, her husband, to pay for a special feature article, Dahlia wants Wooster to knock down the price of an antique cow-shaped “cream jug” so that Tom can get a good deal on it. (He’s an ardent collector of silver bric-a-brac.) Wooster is to go to the store, look at the piece, and “register scorn.” If he refuses, his aunt will deny him dinner invitations, and he’ll miss out on the gustatory splendors of Anatole, Dahlia’s incomparable chef. Coincidentally, Dahlia mentions ex-judge Sir Watkyn Bassett, who is a rival for many of the same collectibles as her husband, and (worse) once tried to lure Anatole away from her. Additionally, Dahlia mentions Wooster’s brief “engagement” to Bassett’s daughter Madeline, but Wooster explains that it was all a simple misunderstanding stemming from his clumsy attempt to woo her on Gussie Spink-Nottle’s behalf (as P. G. Wodehouse’s previous novel Right Ho, Jeeves, describes). Wooster regards Madeline, though physically attractive, as a “ghastly” girl because of her “soupy” sentimentality.

Wooster goes to the antique shop to carry out his aunt’s mission but is nonplussed to see Sir Watkyn Bassett there, with a hulking companion who seems “seven feet” tall. Watkyn recognizes Wooster’s face but misremembers his offense as bag-snatching rather than the (traditionally negligible) prank of helmet-stealing. Watkyn’s “gorilla”-like friend, whose jutting chin and blazing eyes remind Wooster of fascist dictators currently in the news, immediately accuses Wooster of stealing Watkyn’s umbrella, which the former, in his discomfiture, has absentmindedly picked up. Watkyn declines to call the police, letting Wooster off with an ominous warning before departing. In a decidedly nervous state, Wooster launches into his task of deprecating the antique cow creamer but trips over a cat, causing him to plunge out the door and collide with Sir Watkyn, dropping the creamer at his feet. The former judge, inferring that Wooster has added the attempted theft of an antique creamer to his list of crimes, calls the police. Fleeing the scene, Wooster takes refuge in a Turkish bath. Returning to his flat in the evening, he finds a pile of telegrams on the table.

Chapter 2 Summary

The three telegrams are from Gussie Fink-Nottle, whose engagement to Madeline Bassett was celebrated at Wooster’s flat just the previous night. With increasing urgency, they demand Wooster’s presence at Totleigh Towers, Sir Watkyn Bassett’s country house in Gloucestershire, to help repair a “serious rift” between Gussie and his fiancée. For Wooster and Jeeves, this is “disturbing” news because if Madeline has broken with Gussie, Wooster is next in line: He has always been too chivalrous to correct her misapprehension about his “love” for her. Another little matter is Watkyn’s belief that Wooster is a professional thief. Wooster fires off a telegram explaining the rift between Bassett and himself, and Gussie responds that he’ll get Madeline to issue him a formal invitation. The next day, her invitation arrives, lamenting the “needless pain” that the sight of her will inflict on his broken heart. In addition, he receives a telegram from Madeline’s cousin, Stephanie “Stiffy” Byng, an old acquaintance of his, cryptically stating that she needs him to do something “very important” for her at Totleigh Towers.

Jeeves answers the doorbell, and Aunt Dahlia barrels in. She, too, has an urgent task for Wooster at Totleigh Towers. The underhanded Sir Watkyn, she says, has outmaneuvered her husband, buying the very cow creamer he had his eye on, after first incapacitating him with large helpings of cold lobster. She demands that her nephew steal the cow creamer during his visit to Watkyn’s estate—otherwise, he’ll never again be a guest at her table. Wooster, who looks forward to Anatole’s cooking as to few things in life, agrees, knowing that she has him over a barrel.

When Wooster and Jeeves arrive at Totleigh Towers, the butler informs them that Sir Watkyn is out for a walk with Roderick Spode, the sharp-eyed “gorilla” whom Wooster remembers from the antique store debacle. Spode’s presence, he knows, will make the theft of the creamer infinitely more difficult. He decides to waste no time, and, telling the butler that he would like to “potter about,” slips into a small drawing room that glitters with silver. However, no sooner does he locate the cow creamer and get his hands on it than he hears a shout (“Hands up!”) from the window. It’s Roderick Spode, aiming a shotgun at his heart.

Chapter 3 Summary

Roderick Spode calls for Sir Watkyn, and the former judge instantly recognizes Wooster as the “bag-snatcher” who, just the previous day, tried to “steal” the very same cow creamer. Luckily, his daughter Madeline arrives, and, with her support, Wooster tortuously explains the many misunderstandings of the antique store incident and how he came to be in the Bassett house—omitting, of course, his aunt’s designs on the cow creamer. Unexpectedly, Spode gives him a little boost by admitting to having once stolen a police officer’s helmet himself in his student days. All throughout Wooster’s explanation, however, Watkyn feints and jabs like a prosecutor, chipping away at every claim; and when Madeline tells him, innocently, that Wooster’s uncle is noted silver collector Tom Travers, his eyes narrow suspiciously. As soon as he can get away, Wooster telegrams Aunt Dahlia that stealing the cow creamer is now completely off the table.

Once alone with the misty-eyed Madeline, who sighs a bit over his quixotic “love” for her, Wooster turns the conversation to her “rift” with Gussie Fink-Nottle. She laughs and explains that it was all a silly misunderstanding: She saw Gussie removing a fly from the eye of her cousin, Stiffy Byng, and thought it was something more. Not only have they reconciled, she says, but her love for him is stronger than ever, partly because of his new self-confidence. This strikes an ominous chord in Wooster, who, at the recent bachelor party, was astounded by Gussie’s cocksure (and perfectly sober) delivery of a long speech. Something has changed with Gussie, whose extreme shyness always made him something of a joke in Wooster’s circle. Bertie sees more evidence of this just minutes later, when, wandering the house, he catches Gussie speaking sharply to the hulking Spode. This new “self-confidence,” Wooster thinks, would do Mussolini proud. Once alone with Gussie, Wooster learns from him that Aunt Dahlia will soon be arriving—undoubtedly, he thinks, to get her hands on the cow creamer.

Increasingly perplexed by Gussie’s brusque, not to say abusive, new manner, Wooster asks him what has happened. Jeeves, it turns out, is partly responsible. A week earlier, nervous about having to deliver a speech at his wedding breakfast, Gussie turned to Wooster’s sagacious valet, who advised him to “cultivate a lofty contempt” (60) for the people who would be listening to him. Accordingly, for the past week, Gussie has made a study of his acquaintances’ contemptible flaws and failings (including Wooster’s), recording them all in a small notebook for easy reference. This has been especially useful, he says, in asserting himself against Sir Watkyn and Roderick Spode, neither of whom approve of his engagement to Madeline. Spode, he says, is in love with Madeline himself, but can’t marry because he’s saving himself for a bigger prize: to be England’s first fascist dictator. (He’s the leader of the Saviors of Britain, otherwise known as the “Black Shorts.”) Spode regards himself as Madeline’s savior as well, or at least, her knight-like protector. Because of Watkyn’s and Spode’s power to intimidate him, Gussie has been extra diligent in cataloguing their many flaws. Wooster, shocked to hear that he has written down all of these personal insults, asks him where he keeps the notebook. In his breast pocket, Gussie says—and then notices, with mild surprise, that the notebook is missing.

Chapters 1-3 Analysis

In the novel’s first pages, Wodehouse sets up the elements of his farcical plot by introducing his protagonist in all his usual complacency—and then namechecking the people and forces that will soon threaten and disrupt it, perhaps forever. One of the novel’s primary themes, Class Satire of Master and Servant, emerges as Wooster, a blithely lazy and spoiled young Londoner, rings for his valet, Jeeves, whom he depends on for every aspect of his daily life. Jeeves has a solution for almost everything; in this case, a chemical solution for his master’s latest hangover. Jeeves’s “morning reviver” has a restorative effect, but something else fogs the air between them: Wooster’s refusal to go on a world cruise, which displays a stubbornness that somewhat hurts their relationship. This is the first narrative tension of The Code of the Woosters, and not until novel’s end does it resolve, restoring full amity—mostly by way of the “sinister affair” that Wooster foreshadows on page four. Here, the story’s characters (Gussie Fink-Nottle, Madeline and “Pop Bassett,” “Stiffy” Byng, and “Stinker” Pinker) loom like dark clouds over Wooster’s warm bed, but their absurd names suggest that the stakes in this “affair” will not be terribly high. In addition, he alludes to the two “MacGuffins” that will throw the story’s machinery into gear: the antique “cow-creamer” and Gussie’s small notebook.

The first of these devices enters the story with Dahlia, Wooster’s willful aunt, whose sportive back-and-forth with him seems less formal than is usual for an aunt and nephew. Almost like an old married couple, she greets him with, “Hello, ugly,” and he hails her back as “aged relative.” Their breezy intimacy is a reminder that Wooster, his friends, and his relatives inhabit a very tight circle, in which everyone seems to have a nickname and there are few secrets or awkward silences. All are copiously acquainted with each other’s chefs, valets, hobbies, and childhood humiliations, and much of their banter reinforces this intimacy and the comfort they take in each other and in their privileged circle. (So as not to ruffle this age-old comfort, Wooster often allows his friends and relatives to talk him into ill-advised capers.) Often, Wooster speaks as jauntily to Jeeves as to his friends, but here the give-and-take ends: A valet must always be deferential and self-effacing to his “betters.” Jeeves’s “pregnant” silences, however, suggest that he might say plenty if not for the strictures of his profession.

Later that day, Wooster meets the one major character whom he didn’t already know—Roderick Spode—but whom he instantly, and astutely, nicknames “Dictator.” Spode, a fascist, and Sir Watkyn Bassett, an ex-judge who once fined Wooster for a high-spirited prank, are friends and are the story’s main antagonists. Together, they’re a sort of two-headed monster: Bassett is the long arm of the law, and Spode is the massive fist at its end. Together, they drive the action as the central menace to Wooster and his others, whose antics at Totleigh Towers mostly involve theft and other shady enterprises. Additionally, Spode introduces another of the novel’s primary themes: The Rise of Fascism in Europe.

The pressure on Wooster begins right away, at the antique shop, where his Aunt Dahlia has sent him to depreciate the silver “cow-creamer” her husband has his eye on. In true farce fashion, the situation escalates rapidly, with Spode and Bassett, who dimly remembers Wooster from court, accusing him of one theft after another (a bag, an umbrella, and the cow creamer). Wooster, too guileless to convincingly play the part of his own innocence, blunders ever more deeply into the ex-judge’s black books.

A flurry of telegrams from both Gussie and Stiffy summons Wooster to Bassett’s estate, Totleigh Towers, where Spode (who believes that Wooster is an inveterate thief) threatens him, holding a shotgun. In fact, Aunt Dahlia has cajoled the easily led Wooster, much against his will, into nearly stealing the cow creamer, playing on her intimate knowledge of him: Fine dining is the closest thing Wooster has to a religion, and he’ll stop at little to retain his welcome at Dahlia’s dinner parties. Food, fashion, comfort, and helping out friends (the “Code”) are all that drive him. Part of the novel’s humor is that, except for Madeline Bassett, Wooster is the most innocent person at Totleigh Towers. However, once marked as a “thief,” he naturally becomes, for Bassett and Spode, the leading suspect in every crime.

At Bassett’s estate, each guest or resident introduces a new pressure on Wooster. Gussie Fink-Nottle, an old friend, loses a notebook, which, thanks to Jeeves, he has filled with scabrous insults about Bassett and Spode. Gussie’s “soupy” fiancée Madeline, who is jealous of her cousin Stiffy Byng—the schemer who actually has the notebook—still sees Wooster as her romantic fallback because of a misunderstanding dating from the previous Jeeves novel. As the novel progresses, all these characters and their various agendas play off one another, with Wooster trapped always at the center.

For Wooster, the conflict with Jeeves over the “Round-the-World cruise” is soon eclipsed by the myriad threats of a jail sentence, a brutal beating, betrothal to Madeline, or all three. Worse, it’s doubtful that the impeccable pairing of Wooster and Jeeves would long survive the former’s marriage to the capricious Madeline.

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