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Saul BellowA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
While living in student accommodation, Augie pays his rent by acting as a secretary for his housemates. In doing so, he learns many details about their lives. He meets Clem Tambow often, who hassles Augie over why he seems to be “postponing” everything in his life. Clem claims that his own ambition is to have sex with Mimi Villars, who is one of Augie’s neighbors. Augie has heard a great deal about Mimi’s personal life by listening to her while she is on the phone. She is dating a graduate student named Hooker Frazer, who is married but separated from his wife. Augie’s honest, frank relationship with Mimi makes them good friends. Mimi tells Augie how she once shot a man who tried to rob her and felt “wretched” for using the thief’s gun against him. She sent him mail when he went to prison.
Augie reunites with Sylvester, the theater owner who once hired him to hand out flyers. Mimi is Sylvester’s ex-wife’s sister, and she refuses to help him repair his marriage. Sylvester is a communist who has been ostracized from most social groups. He once preached the benefits of communism to Simon, who is continuing his relationship with the wealthy Charlotte. Though they are “already married,” they plan an elaborate ceremony for the sake of Charlotte’s family.
Augie is invited to dine with Charlotte’s family. He sees that Charlotte really loves Simon, though she understands that he is not marrying her out of love. They joke about the arrangement. Charlotte slowly warms to Augie, who, Simon tells her, is well-meaning but lacking in sense. Simon plays the part of the diligent son-in-law at the family dinner. Augie is perturbed, so he struggles to play along with Simon’s stories. Simon makes excuses for his brother’s hesitancy. After dinner, Augie dances and opens up. He meets a young cousin named Lucy Magnus (related to Charlotte), but he is not interested in following in his brother’s footsteps. Speaking to Charlotte’s parents, Simon hushes up his brother’s illegal schemes and says that Augie plans on studying law. A guest hints suggestively about Georgie, but Simon does not worry that his brother’s stay in the psychiatric hospital is in any way scandalous, as he told Charlotte all about him.
Over the coming weeks, Simon invites Augie to spend time with him often. Simon’s newfound wealth makes him argumentative, but Augie allows his brother to buy him better clothes. Simon insists that men should dress well, hoping that Augie will develop “expensive needs” if he dresses better. He sets up a new business and hires a manager, whom he hopes will train Augie to eventually take over.
The business struggles, however, and Simon takes out his frustration by shooting rats and flirting with women. Augie becomes worried about his brother’s declining health. Simon courts the help of lawyers and police officers, hoping they will protect his interests. He becomes “violent and lustful,” and he is rude to Charlotte when she tries to help him. He depends on her good business sense, however, and uses her knowledge. In turn, she accepts his “affectionate roughness,” even when he is in danger of going too far.
Spending more time with Simon, Augie agrees to court Lucy Magnus. One day, the brothers visit their mother, and Simon criticizes the owner of the accommodation for not keeping the living standards high enough. When the residents are hired to put together pins for the Roosevelt political campaign, Simon is infuriated. As he lists the problems with the accommodation, Augie tries to calm him. Simon leaves, insisting that his mother “be taken care of” (236).
On the day of Simon’s wedding ceremony, Mimi teases Augie, suggesting that his wedding clothes mean that he will soon be married as well. Augie collects his mother for the ceremony, thinking about the promises of wealth made to him by Simon if he marries Lucy Magnus, who is richer than Charlotte. Simon takes a long time to prepare himself, and Charlotte accuses Augie of delaying his brother. Simon asks Augie to hide their mother’s cane because he considers it unaesthetic.
Augie surveys the guests, including the Einhorns, Five Properties, and Cissy. He feels Lucy watching him during the ceremony “in her unambiguously declarative way” (243). At the dinner, Five Properties complains about his seating position. He believes Simon is insulting him, though Cissy dismisses her husband’s complaints. The couple leaves, but Augie lies to Simon about their whereabouts to bring an end to the petty back and forth.
After the wedding, Augie begins to date Lucy. As with the Renlings, however, he feels under her family’s influence. He does not think they like him. Simon becomes more forthright and violent, pushing Augie toward Lucy and beating up drunken, disrespectful customers at his workplace. He has to call a police officer named Nuzzo, with whom he is friendly, to avoid prosecution. A “lushed-up dealer named Guzynski” spends several nights in the police lockup (246), and his improved behavior afterward makes Simon believe his violence is justified. He becomes more insistent that Augie marry Lucy, and the brothers grow apart.
Feeling troubled, Augie begins talking in his sleep, which Mimi overhears. He also wrecks Simon’s car while running errands. That evening, Augie stays in his room, and Mimi visits, telling Augie that she is pregnant with Hooker Frazer’s baby. She is uncertain about whether she will marry him. While drinking coffee with Augie, she discusses “a new method of abortion” (253). Augie is concerned about the health implications of this experimental and possibly illegal approach, but Mimi insists that she does not want to have a child.
Augie takes her to the doctor. She criticizes the doctor for his unprofessional attitude. Rather than pay the full $100 for an actual abortion, Mimi pays only $15 for the experimental shot, which does nothing but leave her in a great deal of pain. Back in their apartment building, Augie asks their “melancholy and brilliant” (259) neighbor Kayo Obermark to keep an eye on Mimi. By the following day, Mimi has a new plan to solicit an abortion. A few days later, however, Augie is called to the hospital as her “bright schemes” have failed.
Augie steals more books to pay for Mimi’s abortion. He is caught, but the store detective is his old friend, Jimmy Klein. Jimmy is now in an unhappy marriage and has a child of his own. He offers to lend Augie money for Mimi’s procedure. The abortion is scheduled for the same evening when Augie is set to see Lucy. He mentions that he will be late, and she is annoyed with him, reminding him of the importance of her family’s New Year’s Eve party the following night.
Augie takes Mimi to the doctor. While taking her inside, Lucy’s cousin, Kelly Weintraub, spots him. Augie knows that his reputation with the Magnus family is ruined, but he tells Mimi not to worry. After she receives the abortion, Augie takes her home. She is not well but does not want to return to the hospital. Instead, she drinks a “good-sized slug” of whiskey.
The next day, Augie worriedly goes to work while Mimi continues to suffer. Augie and Padilla decide to take Mimi to the hospital, but Simon interrupts them as the Magnus family has just heard from Kelly Weintraub. Simon is furious, but Augie insists on taking Mimi to the hospital, even though he is meant to attend the Magnus family’s party.
The hospital workers refuse to admit Mimi, so Augie becomes increasingly desperate. Augie and Padilla deal with doctors, nurses, and police officers, all of whom believe that Mimi has received an illegal abortion. Padilla tells Augie to go to Lucy. When Augie meets Lucy, however, she ends their relationship. He returns to the hospital, where Mimi has received blood from Padilla and is now resting in the maternity ward. Augie stays with her through the night. He leaves the next day and bursts a tire near the Colbin home. He is welcomed inside, where Anna Colbin tries to marry him to her daughter, Friedl.
Mimi repays her debt to Augie and begins dating Einhorn’s son, Arthur. Augie spends more of his day reading until he finds a job through the New Deal Works Progress Administration. He is “checking on rooms and plumbing back-of-the-yards” but dislikes the smell (286). Mimi finds him a job working with Grammick, a union organizer, as Augie can supposedly “speak the workers’ language” (287). Augie signs up workers for the union.
He visits Einhorn and discusses the political meaning of unions, and Einhorn is critical of the labor movement. Augie sees Arthur in Einhorn’s office with a child from his “second wife.” Einhorn quizzes Augie about Mimi, assuming that she has a past relationship with Augie, which he denies. Einhorn then asks Augie to find Arthur a job in the union.
Augie meets Sophie Geratis, a maid who works at one of the luxury hotels where Augie is trying to sign the staff up for his union. Though the staff at her hotel is eager to strike, Augie talks them through the complex procedure. When Augie tries to explain the situation in a one-on-one meeting with Sophie, she kisses him. Sophie is engaged but goes back to Augie’s apartment with him.
In the hallway, Mimi teases Augie about his encounter and reveals that another “young lady” has been to visit him. Augie talks to Mimi about Arthur and Einhorn. She is angry and accuses Einhorn of touching her inappropriately. She intends to keep her relationship with Arthur despite his many failings.
Later, Augie is in bed with Sophie. He is interrupted by a knock on the door and is surprised to find Thea Fenchel outside. She had a detective locate him. Sophie makes her excuses and leaves, believing that Augie would rather be with Thea than continue their “fling.” When Augie tries to contact Thea, however, she will not return his calls. Augie must visit various union members while he tries to arrange a meeting with Thea. He warns a group of workers that the strike they are planning is not legal. Augie is beaten up but saved by Sophie and her fellow friendly hotel workers. Augie runs away and finds a taxi to take him to Thea, his “real objective of days” (309).
Augie arrives on Thea’s doorstep and rings the bell to her apartment. She answers and they embrace, and then she notices his injuries. Augie explains how he was attacked during a union scuffle. For a few days, they are together without really talking about their situation. During this time, Augie falls in love with Thea and he is “very happy.” He falls in love with her lifestyle as well. Eventually, she explains that she is technically married to a wealthy older man but plans to obtain a divorce in Mexico.
Thea tells Augie that he should come with her to Mexico, and he accepts. He lets Grammick know about his plans, and then Thea purchases him a new outfit that better suits her tastes. Augie is not certain about the details of their trip, and Thea asks him questions about his commitment and Sophie, saying “some harsh and jealous things” in the process (317). She mentions her plan “to hunt with an eagle trained in falconry” (319).
Augie bids farewell to his mother, learning that Simon is as angry and as rich as ever. As he says goodbye to his friends, few people have anything positive to say. They believe that going to Mexico with Thea is not a good idea. Augie shares these doubts with Thea, who explains that she has lost most of her money and her inheritance. She plans to make money by hunting with her eagle, as well as other moneymaking schemes involving films and articles about the bird. Augie is astonished by the size of the eagle. They travel from Chicago, stopping on the roadside to listen to insect sounds while lying beneath a tree.
Augie and Thea travel to Mexico. The lack of clarity regarding their plans and intentions causes “troubles,” as does the jealousy they feel toward one another’s past romantic partners. Augie is also afraid that Thea might become pregnant, and he notes her lack of self-esteem. Thea finds a roadside zoo where she can purchase an eagle. Augie is dubious about the owner, but Thea refuses to be afraid. The bird attacks Augie, but they take it anyway, traveling with the bird in the back seat. Augie notices that a shotgun is also placed behind the seat.
While traveling, they stop to train the eagle. Thea becomes annoyed that the eagle will not learn, while Augie becomes annoyed with Thea. He is forced to help train the 30-pound bird and must let it rest on his arm for long periods. They cover its head with a hood, and its presence interferes with their romance. When they reach Mexico, the locals’ shouts of “el águila” (the eagle) are misheard by Augie, so Thea decides to name the eagle Caligula. Eventually, the couple successfully trains Caligula. They continue their exhausting journey, and when they stop for a night, Thea wins an argument over whether they can take the eagle into the hotel room despite “his excrement and fowlish smell” (336). The journey and the training regime continue across Mexico. They stay at a cheap hotel in Mexico City, exploring the city at night and sleeping during the day. Augie begins to assume that Thea will marry him “when the divorce [comes] through” (342).
Augie grows up and graduates from high school, but his desire to learn does not end. On numerous occasions, he flirts with the idea of higher education. He attends college, wondering whether studying something might help to give a direction or purpose to his life. Augie’s forays into academia are representative of a constant desire for Self-Exploration and Search for Identity. He lacks the language to define his own travails, but he finds similar language in the picaresque novels that he reads, the academic textbooks that he steals, and the conversations with fellow students, who all seem to have their lives laid out in front of them. In these moments, Augie is not studying any one academic subject so much as he is studying society itself. The detailed accounts of his time living in student accommodation, stealing books for fellow students, or conversations with people who have all the purpose and direction that he envies are essential parts of Augie’s narrative journey. He establishes markers and contrasts, defining the parameters of his identity through what he is not. By contrasting himself with others, either characters from books or students his own age, he better understands himself. This approach is a refinement of Augie’s narrative technique, in which he no longer attempts to define himself on his own terms but attempts to explore his identity by defining what he is not.
One of the many jobs that Augie takes up involves his work with the labor movement. After a childhood spent in poverty and adolescence in the bourgeois company of Einhorn and the Renlings, Augie begins to conceive of himself in economic terms. He is a worker in an explicit sense, a man who has many jobs but who has rarely possessed any form of capital. He aligns himself with the labor movement out of a default form of class solidarity. Augie is a proletarian man, so he works well as an organizer during his brief spell with the unions. More than anything, this equips him with a better understanding of his class position. He knows for certain that he is a member of the working class. Though this does not define him, especially in a country that prides itself on a belief in social mobility—The American Dream—it does form a foundation for whatever identity is to come. Piece by piece, each of Augie’s experiences helps him to better understand his identity.
For much of his youth, Augie is sheltered from real tragedy. His father is absent, but he cannot remember him. His brother, Georgie, has a disability, but he has a loving family who supports him. Even though Grandma Lausch is growing old and losing her health, she has led a long and rewarding life. When Augie helps Mimi deal with her abortion, however, he must face the very real possibility that his friend’s life is in danger. The incident not only illustrates the obstacles for low-income people who cannot afford healthcare in the United States, but it also illustrates to Augie for the first time that the society in which he lives is inherently patriarchal. Mimi and Frazer are romantic partners, but when she must deal with the consequences of their sexual relationship, Mimi is all alone and left to fend for herself. Augie cannot help her financially as he cannot steal enough books to bribe the male doctor who offers illegal abortions. When Mimi goes to the hospital, Frazer remains absent. The incident teaches Augie about the precarious nature of female existence in his society. He offers his help and empathy to Mimi, and their friendship becomes one of the most genuine and the least transactional in the novel.
Contrary to his friendship with Mimi, which offers an alternative to the novel’s largely toxic male/female relationships, Augie’s romantic pursuits in these chapters are unfulfilling. Unlike in prior chapters, he pursues his own partners, and he discovers pieces of himself through these interactions. After turning down Charlotte’s cousin, he acquiesces to Simon’s suggestions and begins dating Lucy Magnus. However, he quickly realizes that, unlike Simon, he does not want to marry for money. He eventually chooses Mimi’s health over Lucy’s New Year’s Eve party, a set of choices that steers him more toward responsibility than frivolity. After Lucy, Augie pursues two unavailable women: Sophie Geratis, a hotel maid who is engaged, and notably, Thea Fenchel, who is married and presumably rich. His pursuit of Thea is situated as foolhardy from the start as their emotional journey parallels their trip to Mexico. Their route is barely planned, the eagle is likely obtained illegally, and Thea has no experience training birds. While Augie is lured by Thea’s sense of adventure, this situation quickly becomes untenable, and their relationship quickly deteriorates in Mexico.
By Saul Bellow
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