52 pages • 1 hour read
Kody KeplingerA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Lee meets Kellie in a café. Kellie’s hair is cut and bleached. Kellie legally changed her name to Renee Gaynor-Marks, a combination of her middle name and her parents’ last names. She now goes by Renee Marks. She demands to know why Lee wanted to meet; when Lee talks about providing Kellie a chance to tell the truth, Kellie’s brusque demeanor and lack of concern for the McHales’ book confuse Lee. Kellie says she tried to tell the truth, but no one believed her; no new people in her life know that she survived the shooting.
Kellie also tells Lee that Sarah’s death simply made a better story than Kellie’s survival. Kellie attended church, but the church was in the next town. Others’ dismissal of her words was more injurious than her shoulder wound from the shooter; not even the preacher or her own grandmother believed her. Lee realizes Kellie closed the door on the past, and that she is harassing Kellie about a painful situation. Lee sits in the café after Kellie leaves, considering her next move.
Eden contributes a brief victim profile of her cousin, Rosi Martinez. She shares a memory of Rosi asking for her help in reading a manga book. Eden likes to think Rosi was trying to make peace with her after years of Eden feeling overshadowed by Rosi, and that had she lived, they might have eventually grown closer.
After meeting Kellie, Lee wants to talk to Miles. She drives to a party that Miles, Denny, and Amber are attending. Peter McHale, Sarah’s cousin, and Tara Chambers threaten her as she enters. Lee sinks to the ground in a panic attack. Denny, Amber, and Miles tell the harassers to leave. Miles escorts Lee back to her truck and drives her home. After she recovers, Lee tells Miles he was right about Kellie not wanting to tell the truth. She admits to being obsessed with the project and apologizes for harassing him with it. Miles reminds her that her project accomplished good things, such as Eden’s plan for recovery. He surprises her with his letter, handwritten on notebook paper.
Miles’s letter reveals significant truths Lee did not know: Miles feels that he took no heroic actions that day and that Coach Nolan’s death was his fault. Miles moved to town as a troubled teenager from his parents’ neglect and drug use, but Coach Nolan made it clear he thought Miles had potential as a student. On the day of the shooting, a boy in Coach Nolan’s class smarted off about Miles’s parents’ drug addiction, and Miles punched him. Coach Nolan was escorting Miles to the office when the shooter opened fire. Coach Nolan was shot in the hall. Miles turned to run and tripped over Ashley, falling on her and playing dead. Ashley assumed he was protecting her and told everyone Miles was a hero. Miles’s letter mentions how he has liked Lee since moving there. He worries that Lee will hate him for hiding the truth. He also details how Ashley convinced him to write the letter and closes by saying he hopes it “wasn’t a huge mistake” (296).
Lee goes to Miles’s house immediately. She embraces and kisses him as soon as he opens the door. They agree to see each other the next day.
Lee works on her letter before driving to California for college. Miles plans to travel with her, help her settle, and then fly home. Lee does not know what the future holds for them, but she thinks, “It’ll be okay. We’ll both be okay. We’ve survived worse, after all” (300).
Lee shares a portrait of Coach Nolan. In it, she tells how he gave her a C on a paper in history but took the time to annotate it with comments for improvement. Her next paper was an A-. Lee calls him the kind of teacher who saw how each student could succeed.
Lee recalls going with Miles and Denny to their spot in the woods after graduation and admitting she does not know what to do with the collected letters. Denny suggests that writing a letter may help. Now, her letter is complete. Lee realizes a key lesson: “It’s not my decision. I shouldn’t be the one making the choice about what to do with these letters. But I think I know who should” (307).
The text of Kellie’s letter follows. She explains that Lee and Miles met her on their way to California to give her a USB drive. Lee explained the letters and told Kellie it was up to her to decide what to do with the compilation, since Kellie’s story was the most silenced. Kellie forgot about the USB drive until just before the fourth anniversary of the shooting when she saw the McHales’ book at a checkout. The checker praised it as inspirational. Kellie bought the book. She received an email from Ashley Chambers on the anniversary, apologizing for her role in the false narrative and hoping she was doing okay. Kellie deleted the email, then read the book, which infuriated her; she recalled the USB drive. After reading the compilation, she decided to write a letter.
Kellie then explains the day of the shooting from her perspective. She was avoiding class and smoking; witnessed Lee, Sarah, and Ashley in conversation; and knew immediately what the popping sounds were. She fell trying to get into a stall, and her cross necklace, which she purchased at age seven and wore daily, fell to the floor. When the shooter came in, she prayed. When a shot ricocheted off the wall and hit her shoulder, she fell out of the stall. When the shooter found the necklace and demanded to know whose it was, she said it was hers. When he asked if she thought “Jesus is watching over you right now” (321), she answered yes, hoping it might keep her alive. He then turned, fired at Sarah and Lee, and left. Later, Kellie asked Detective Jenner for her necklace, but he told her it was still in evidence. She tried to correct the “Sarah story” in the weeks that followed, but no one listened. The harassment against her family drove them from town.
Kellie closes the letter by saying she understands why Lee left it to her to decide the fate of the compilation. She realizes now that some people will be hurt no matter whether she takes it public or not, but she appreciates the chance to “have power over [her] story” (324). Her last line indicates that the reader knows her decision.
Structurally, the last peaks of the rising action occur throughout Chapters 29-31 as suspense surrounding Lee’s inability to contact Kellie builds; that suspense leads up to Kellie’s text and their meeting in the café. Far from the resolution she expected, though, their conversation is tense and only complicates Lee’s conflict; Kellie has no interest in telling the truth, and consequently, Lee now doubly doubts the benefit of the letters; she is no closer to determining their fate. This tense interaction demonstrates differing forms of grief and coping with trauma, as well as highlighting The Impact of Trauma on Individual Identity.
Fittingly for a novel about the power of narrative and who wields it, the climax turns out to not be within Lee’s direct decision-making. Lee concedes all control of the compilation to Kellie, shifting the climactic questions to her as well: Will Kellie write a letter? Will she release the letters? Or will she hide them to go on as Renee Marks? Kellie’s choice to release the compilation including her own letter is only made clear in the last line: “And I guess, if you’re reading this, you know what choice I made” (325). The falling action and resolution—publication of the compilation—are implied. Ultimately, Lee’s move toward peace following trauma comes in the form of relinquishing the need to uncover the truth, which has served as the primary conflict propelling the plot forward.
That the climax and ultimate fate of the compilation is out of Lee’s hands marks a strong juxtaposition between That’s Not What Happened and most YA novels. Usually, a crucial characteristic of the path to resolution is the protagonist’s direct involvement in steering her own course. Here, though, the lesson on possessing control over one’s voice and narrative supersedes the more common expectation of protagonist involvement. Lee’s choice to hand the reins to Kellie completes and fulfills the theme of The Complexities of Truth and Perspective by insisting that Kellie’s point of view, the most rejected voice in the aftermath, has more merit and greater significance than the others, as she was the only survivor to see, hear, and communicate with the shooter. The story that has been taken from her and reassigned to Sarah is finally hers again.
Although Lee cedes control of the document to Kellie, she still is instrumental in her path toward change. Her lightbulb moments signify realizations, and she demonstrates acceptance of what she learns by acting on her changed mindset. The strongest examples of growth in Lee’s character arc include the moment in the café when she realizes that she is doing Kellie a disservice by insistently offering her a chance to tell the truth, as well as the moment when she decides to place the fate of the compilation in Kellie’s hands. The first moment prompts Lee to understand her errors in judgment and to apologize to Miles for pushing him to do something that didn’t feel natural to him. Thanks to her apology and his letter, they grow closer, and Lee begins to see a path toward healing and positivity. The second moment prompts an unburdening of Lee’s spirit, demonstrated by her demeanor on her way west; according to Kellie, she is smiling and confident. These moments represent maturation and growth in Lee, and her subsequent actions suggest positive outcomes from her changed mindset.
The theme of The Impact of Trauma on Individual Identity appears in Miles’s and Kellie’s letters. Miles and Kellie both struggled with identity as outsiders and “troubled teens” before and after the shooting. Because the trauma of the shooting compounded already-existing identity issues, Miles and Kellie find it very hard to communicate their truths; the hesitancy of their letters reflects that. For both, Ashley is an effective voice in the choice to tell their stories, which reveals Ashley’s character as good despite her initial anger at Kellie. Ashley’s words remind them that they belong to a special group of people who deserve to heal, and who can rely on each other’s support; this idea of belonging impacts their ultimate choice to reveal the truth. The importance of belonging is symbolized by the way Kellie signs her letter. She does not sign it as Renee Marks, a girl who hides her involvement with the shooting; instead, she acknowledges the past and the bond that will always tie her to the others, closing with, “Sincerely, Kellie Renee Gaynor-Marks and the survivors” (325). The ending speaks to the power of the truth, particularly when those outside an event determine the course of public perception toward those who were a part of an event. The text also speaks to the value of people’s lives just as they are, without martyrdom or heroism, suggesting that everyone is worthy of equal love.
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