logo

50 pages 1 hour read

Ian McEwan

Sweet Tooth

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2012

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Character Analysis

Serena Frome

Serena Frome is the protagonist and the narrator of Sweet Tooth, though the final chapter reveals that Thomas Haley is telling her story. This final reveal is telling of Serena’s character as a whole: she prefers to be the passive observer rather than the active instigator. She is a keen reader but does not ever entertain ideas of being a writer herself. Even in her career, Serena is happy to watch and take notes from afar rather than actively engage, making her an ideal candidate for the world of intelligence. Even her own life’s story is told by another person, though he does so with her permission.

Another of Serena’s defining traits is the need for love and validation. After growing up in a household with an emotionally distant father, she craves the attention of older or authoritative men. Men like Tony, Max, and Haley provide Serena with the validation she never received during her childhood. They are more mature, smarter, or in positions of greater power than Serena, meaning that she feels a need to please them as she feels a need to please her father. Criticism from these authority figures makes Serena feel small, transporting her back to her childhood. Serena’s life is a quest to achieve the love and validation that her father did not provide, though her tendency toward passivity means that she can only seek this validation vicariously through other people.

Serena’s life blurs the distinctions between fiction and reality. She conducts a secret affair with Tony in a remote countryside cottage which feels divorced from reality and her day-to-day life. From there, she takes a job with MI5 that requires her to adopt a fake persona as part of her assignment. Her fake persona is based on her own love of fiction, meaning that Serena’s appreciation of one fake reality feeds into the fake reality which she creates with Haley. With the reveal in the ultimate chapter, Serena becomes one of the fictional characters which she adores. Her entire life becomes a novel, ensuring that there is no real distinction between reality and lies in her life. Serena’s actions and emotions are real, but they are mired in a murky, duplicitous world of lies, to the extent that Serena can never be sure what is real and what is fake, including herself.

Thomas Haley

Thomas Haley is an academic and aspiring writer who is drawn into a strange world of spies and mistruth. Despite the money given to him by the Foundation and the encouragement he receives from Serena, Haley is always caught between the worlds of academic and fiction. To him, academia is a safe place where he can casually analyze the work of others and share his enjoyment with the world, without the risk of exposing himself to wide critique. Fiction is a chaotic alternative. The stories he writes offer criticism of the world at large, but this criticism makes Haley more of a target. While people can dispute his academic research, they can scorn his writing. He must be tempted out of his safe world of academia, and he is rewarded with widespread praise before everything falls apart. Ultimately, Haley is proven right to fear fiction; it becomes his undoing, and he must retreat into the quiet, safe world of academia.

Haley falls quickly for Serena. Part of his attraction is the way she flatters him. Serena’s praise for his fiction is the push Haley needs to make the leap into writing a novel, while her innocence allows him to indulge his passion for teaching at the same time. Haley teaches Serena about literature, guiding her through his favorite subjects. Her presence means that he never truly has to give up teaching. Her flattery and her interest provide the foundation on which Haley can finally exercise his flair for writing.

When Haley finds out the truth about Serena, he is angry. This anger quickly turns into a new plan: He becomes a spy. Haley uses his creativity to turn a relationship-ending, career-ending issue into his greatest achievement. He is no longer torn between academia and fiction because his role as a spy means that he no longer has a choice. He turns his entire life into a fiction with the knowledge that he will soon return to academia. Haley gives himself one final experience of the chaos of fiction writing before allowing himself to return to the quiet, contented world of academia and the warm embrace of Serena’s love.

Tony Canning

Tony Canning is an old man with a taste for younger women. His position at Cambridge University gives him access to many such women and Serena is not the first of his string of affairs. He is practiced in infidelity, so teaches Serena how to keep their affair hidden from his wife and the community. Despite this need for secrecy, Tony’s affection for Serena is sincere. As he explains in a letter delivered to her long after his death, he genuinely cares for her. His parting gift is to give her a job in the world of intelligence. Not only does he have experience in this field, but his lessons on how to hide an affair and global politics become the perfect preparation for Serena’s entry into MI5. Tony’s penchant for younger women is not just the product of a raging libido; he is genuine in his affection, if not all his actions.

One of the few times that Tony lies to Serena is when he breaks off their relationship. He carefully orchestrates a reason to get angry at her, while hiding the truth about his terminal illness and his betrayal of the British state. Tony views his actions as an immediate pain inflicted on Serena to save her from a far greater, more drawn-out pain later. Though he is deeply pained by having to destroy their relationship, he considers it an act of mercy. His behavior becomes a demonstration of his love for her.

Tony’s memory is complicated by his role as a traitor. As Nutting reveals to Serena, Tony passed secrets to the Soviets during the Cold War. Though he tried to justify his actions with claims of bringing balance to the world, he was forced to do so by an illicit affair with a Russian woman who blackmailed him. Just as Serena suspected, Tony tried to dress up his treachery in intellectualism. At his lowest point, he tried to distinguish himself but only showed that he was the same as everyone else. Tony was a clever man, but prone to the same emotions as anyone else. Rather than demonize him, the truth about Tony’s betrayal makes him more fallible and, as a result, more human.

Max Greatorex

Max is an ungainly, awkward man who provides Serena with her real introduction to the inner-workings of MI5 while also falling in love with her. Throughout the initial stages of their relationship, she is never quite sure whether Max is the awkward man who he projects into the world, or whether this is simply an act to distract attention. When he reveals his engagement, she believes that he has been testing her suitability for the Sweet Tooth assignment. However, his engagement falls apart and he reveals that his affection for her was real. Max attempts to show the world that he is the consummate MI5 employee, but he only serves to embarrass himself. He even criticizes Serena for her lack of professionalism, while simultaneously revealing the entire Sweet Tooth operation to Haley and the press. He reveals himself to be a hypocrite with dreams of being an intelligence operative, rather than the exemplary employee he always considered himself to be.

In telling Haley and the press about Sweet Tooth, Max crosses a legal line. He commits a crime that could not only see him fired but facing serious legal repercussions. He becomes his own worst enemy, betraying not only his country but also his personal beliefs. The irony of Max’s betrayal is that he gains nothing from it. Even though he is motivated by spite and anger, his attempt to destroy the relationship has the opposite effect on Serena and Haley and they choose to forgive him. They do not publish the account of his crimes until after the expiration of the statute of limitations. Max is such a poor judge of character that his attempts to destroy a relationship make it more secure and viable. Serena and Haley can continue their relationship while Max is left bitter, alone, and irrelevant.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text