55 pages • 1 hour read
Kurt Vonnegut Jr.A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Billy boards a plane 25 years after the destruction of Dresden. The plane is set to carry him and 30 other optometrists to a convention in Canada. His father-in-law Lionel is on board. Though fully aware that the plane will crash, Billy tells no one. A barbershop quartet entertains the passengers with rude, insulting songs about Polish people. Lionel is delighted with the entertainment and even recommends other xenophobic songs they could sing. The plane crashes in Vermont during the flight, and every person on board is killed except Billy and the co-pilot. The first people on the scene of the crash are Austrian ski instructors who move from victim to victim searching for survivors. Billy waits until one arrives near him and then whispers the words “Slaughterhouse-Five” in German. Billy is taken to a nearby hospital where he undergoes brain surgery. He spends two days in a coma, during which time he has a number of dreams.
In Dresden in 1945, Billy and Edgar Derby are told to collect food for the other prisoners. They are accompanied by a 16-year-old German named Werner Gluck. Werner is a distant cousin of Billy’s, but they never realize this. He gets lost while leading Billy and Edgar through the city. He mistakenly takes them to a dressing room that he thinks is a kitchen. Inside are 30 female teenage refugees from Breslau. They are standing in the nude, preparing to shower. When the girls see the men, they scream and try to cover their bodies. This is the first time that either Billy or Werner has seen a naked woman.
The men in Slaughterhouse-Five are given chores. They clean the nearby factory which produces vitamin-enriched malt syrup for pregnant women. The men also pack products in the factory on occasion. Many of the men steal spoonful after spoonful of the syrup using the spoons that they hide around the factory. Billy finds one of these spoons and tastes the syrup before passing the spoon to Edgar. The experience makes Edgar cry.
An American Nazi named Howard W. Campbell Junior visits the American prisoners two days before Dresden is bombed. He has written extensive propaganda about American prisoners in Germany for the Nazis and now wants to recruit men for a new German military organization named the Free American Corps. American prisoners can sign up to the unit and fight for Germany against the Russians. Campbell wears a ridiculous outfit with a ten-gallon hat, a striped body stocking, and an armband with a blue swastika. Prisoners who sign up for his military unit will receive steak and potatoes and be sent back to America, once they defeat the Russians. While the American prisoners are quiet when they hear Campbell’s offer, Edgar stands up and accuses Campbell of being worse than a bloodsucking tick. Edgar bursts into an inspiring speech about freedom and justice, explaining that there is a brotherhood between the Americans and the Russians. The two countries will unite to defeat the “disease of Nazism” (85), he says.
Everyone scatters when the air raid sirens sound. The American prisoners huddle in a meat locker underneath their quarters. No bombs fall on Dresden that night, though the men remain in their bunker just in case. Billy sleeps and time jumps to America in the future, where he meets the science fiction writer Kilgore Trout. Both of them live in the town of Ilium, where Trout works for a local newspaper. He is not a journalist; he organizes the delivery boys who take the newspapers to each house. Billy offers to help with the deliveries and invites Trout to his wedding anniversary with Valencia.
Billy and Valencia celebrate 25 years of marriage. The rude barbershop quartet sing at their party. The songs make Billy feel distressed and remind him of the doomed flight he will board in the future. His distress makes the other guests worry. They think he is having a heart attack. When Trout asks Billy about time travel, Billy denies any knowledge of it. Another song from the barbershop quartet forces him to leave the room. He goes upstairs and thinks about his years of being dislodged in time. He remembers the first night of bombing in Dresden.
Billy and the other American prisoners huddle in their meat locker. They feel the explosions of the bombs above them. They exit the meat locker the next day and see a sky filled with thick black smoke. There are no plants or buildings left. The destroyed city looks like the surface of the moon. The prisoners and four guards are the only people left alive in the prison camp, and most of the Dresden townspeople are dead.
Billy travels forward in time. He is in the zoo on Tralfamadore where he lays in bed with Montana. She is six-months pregnant with his child. When she asks him to tell her a story, all he can talk about is Dresden. He describes being marched by the guards through the destroyed prison camp. The burned out shell of the old slaughterhouse makes the men realize the extent of the destruction. They have no food, no water, and no shelter. The prisoners and the guards leave the camp and move through the destroyed city. American planes fly overhead and spray the men with machine gun fire, but no one is hit. The men walk through Dresden until nighttime. They reach a suburb which has survived intact. An inn run by a German family welcomes the men in and gives them food. The four German guards are allowed to sleep in the house, but the hundred Americans are told to sleep in the stable.
Billy is one of the only survivors of a plane crash which he knew was going to happen. He boards the plane with his father-in-law and his colleagues and allows everything to transpire. The crash demonstrates how invested Billy is in the idea of predestination. The thought of altering his behavior or trying to save the people never occurs to Billy. He is fully invested in the Tralfamadorian view of time, in which everything is destined to occur and therefore impossible to change. Billy knows that he cannot change events because he has already traveled to a future in which the events have occurred. Billy has no control over his life, so he abdicates any responsibility for trying to save people. Morality, good intentions, and effort do not save anyone or change anything. Billy already knows this to be true so he does not even try. The plane crash illustrates the extent to which Billy’s conception of time is irreversibly altered. The Tralfamadorian philosophy can also be seen as a coping mechanism for Billy. Like so many other young men, Billy thrust into the violence, deprivation, and suffering of World War II, which seems to flow inevitably and without reason.
The events of the crash also help to highlight the negative streak which runs through all of humanity. Billy listens as his father-in-law cheers along a barbershop quarter who sing discriminatory songs. The group of optometrists might seem like innocent old men, but they fully engage with xenophobic behavior. No one is entirely innocent in the world of Slaughterhouse-Five. While this behavior does not make the victims of the crash completely unsympathetic, it demonstrates that each and every person is flawed in their own way. Some people are racist, some people are murderers, and some people are completely detached from society like Billy Pilgrim. Everyone sins in their own specific way.
Another of Billy’s sins is theft. While working in the factory, he steals syrup which is made to nurture pregnant women. The nature of this sin is important, however, as Billy is not alone. Theft from the factory is so common that spoons are hidden everywhere. The life-giving syrup which is intended to save the lives of newborn babies and their mothers, at a time when the country is afflicted by food shortages, is stolen by the starving prisoners who pack the syrup into boxes. The sin is seemingly miniscule; each man takes little more than a spoonful. But each of them is marked by the same immoral action. Every person is tainted, even the good characters like Edgar.
By Kurt Vonnegut Jr.
American Literature
View Collection
Banned Books Week
View Collection
Fantasy
View Collection
Fantasy & Science Fiction Books (High...
View Collection
Fate
View Collection
Good & Evil
View Collection
Historical Fiction
View Collection
Memorial Day Reads
View Collection
Military Reads
View Collection
Satire
View Collection
Science Fiction & Dystopian Fiction
View Collection
SuperSummary New Releases
View Collection