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68 pages 2 hours read

James Clavell

Shogun

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1975

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Book 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 4, Chapter 47 Summary

Blackthorne and Mariko see the Erasmus at Yedo. The ship has been cleaned, but none of his men are there.

Mariko and Blackthorne have spent the last few nights together, and she loves him more than ever. To calm him, she teaches him a meditation technique: listening to a rock grow to focus and gain patience. When Mariko has her period, Blackthorne takes another maid into his bed to prevent other people from suspecting them of sleeping together.

Gyoko visits Mariko and asks her to speak to Toranaga in exchange for a few secrets: that Omi’s cook and his mother were overheard plotting against Yabu, and that Zataki, Toranaga’s half-brother, desires power and lusts for the Lady Ochiba. For this information, Gyoko wants Toranaga to give her son two swords and make him samurai. When Mariko demurs, Gyoko threatens to reveal damaging information that could affect Mariko.

After listening to the secrets, Toranaga denies Gyoko’s request for her son’s promotion. Still, Toranaga is excited about Gyoko’s secrets, even though he doesn’t reveal this to Mariko. If his brother wants Ochiba, Toranaga can use the information against him. He writes a message to his mother, in which he petitions Zataki to marry Ochiba. In exchange, Zataki must help him fight Ishido and grant Toranaga’s forces safe passage through the mountains.

Buntaro formally asks for permission to behead Blackthorne for the way he looks at Mariko and for being disruptive. Toranaga counters that Buntaro must first serve as the second for Toranaga’s ordered suicide. After that, he can do what he wishes with Blackthorne. Buntaro does not want to formally accuse his wife of adultery because that would require him to kill Mariko as well as Blackthorne. Mariko wants to kill herself, calling Buntaro a coward for not formally accusing her. They agree to wait until Osaka to kill themselves.

Toranaga visits Blackthorne and reveals that he wants to take the Black Ship—this would give him leverage over the priests, who would then have to support Toranaga. Blackthorne asks to marry Mariko, requesting Toranaga divorce her from Buntaro. Toranaga will consider it but forbids Blackthorne from speaking to Mariko about it. Blackthorne believes he has solved his problems. 

Book 4, Chapter 48 Summary

Blackthorne visits his European shipmates near Yedo. Van Nekk has lice. The Captain-General died in the pit, while Maetsukker died after his arm rotted. The men stink, which it bothers Blackthorne, as does the fact that there are six women there, entertaining the dirty sailors. After a flea bites Blackthorne’s leg, he realizes that the Europeans have settled in an eta village. Etas are a low, unclean class who perform tasks that are disgusting by Japanese standards—they are butchers and handle corpses. When the men begin drinking again Blackthorne leaves without telling them that he is now a samurai.

As soon as he can, he takes a bath, feeling dirty just from having been in the men’s company. His disgust at the fact that they feel most comfortable in the lowest dregs of Japanese society makes him prejudiced against them; the cognitive dissonance of hating his home culture disturbs him.

In the morning, samurai take him to Erasmus, where he finds his sea chest empty. His rutters and navigation instruments are gone. 

Book 4, Chapter 49 Summary

Blackthorne’s consort Fujiko appears. Her legs still hurt, but the burns are healed much better than Blackthorne has ever seen. Blackthorne talks with Mariko, who is evasive. She had said earlier that their journey must end at Yedo’s first bridge. He wonders what she is planning.

Toranaga asks if Blackthorne is satisfied with the quality of the ship. 200 samurai will be enough to crew it, along with his men, gunners, and cooks.

Toranaga’s son Sudara, Sudara’s wife Genjiko, and Naga enter. Toranaga accuses Sudara of treason and orders them to put their children to death. Sudara leaves to kill his children, but his children are already in Toranaga’s care—this scene has been a test of loyalty. The children enter the room and Toranaga hugs them.

Yabu and Naga have been ordered to the conference chamber along with 50 senior generals, 23 counselors, and seven daimyos. Everyone leaves their swords outside, grumbling about being disarmed. Toranaga and Sudara enter; Toranaga accuses some of the gathered of having considered treason, which in his definition means any deviation from orders and any questioning of his will. A general, Kiyoshio, admits that he is guilty of treason in those terms, but counters that it would also be treason to Toranaga’s honor to surrender to Ishido. Toranaga orders Kiyoshio to die by seppuku, but Sudara stands and says that he does not believe anyone is committing treason. Toranaga renounces him as heir and leaves. 

Book 4, Chapter 50 Summary

Blackthorne has been confined to the castle for five days to study Japanese. Mariko visits him, though she is not supposed to, and tells him to do his duty and give Fujiko a baby. Blackthorne realizes that he no longer feels desire for his English wife Felicity. His memories of England now seem unclean. He decides to just be a pilot, like he was before he was a samurai, Mariko’s lover, and one of Toranaga’s vassals.

Hiro-matsu believes it is his duty to stop Toranaga from surrendering to the Regents. He tells Toranaga that this does not make him a traitor, because he will win, and a victor cannot commit treason. Toranaga says he never intended to go to Osaka—the capitulation was a ruse. Hiro-matsu must tell the generals that he persuaded Toranaga to listen to reason, and to maintain the charade of the coming surrender to buy Toranaga more time.

Blackthorne thinks he can control the priests if he can delay the trip to Osaka. Mariko agrees to help but won’t betray the church. Alvito and Yabu arrive, making Blackthorne remember Pieterzoon—the man Yabu boiled alive. Blackthorne hates Yabu all over again. Yabu asks Alvito why the Christian daimyos are against Toranaga, but Alvito protests that they are not.

Two samurai bring the ship’s strongbox to Blackthorne. It is filled with silver. Yabu says that Toranaga releases Blackthorne: He can leave Japan and pay his men. While in Japan, he retains his status as hatamoto. Outside, however, it is as before—he is an outsider without privilege. Yabu also gives Blackthorne 200 samurai—ronin who now swear allegiance to Blackthorne. One of them is the ex-Christian Brother Joseph—now known as Uraga, he has accepted Shinto Buddhism.

Later, Yabu tells his wife, Yuriko, that he thinks Toranaga wants him to be commander. He thinks that Toranaga is a shadow of his former self, and that he would never be able to execute Crimson Sky in his current state. Yabu’s brother Mizuno arrives with a coded message from Omi that says Buntaro is a traitor who met with Zataki twice at Mishima. It also says that Hiro-matsu is prepared to commit treason and will enact Crimson Sky no matter what Toranaga or Sudara say, if he deems it necessary. Yuriko predicts that Toranaga has no intention of going to Osaka. She believes he is playing them all for fools and will become the President of the Council of Regents, having guessed his plan with clues from Omi.

Mariko has also guessed Toranaga’s plan. Gyoko visits her and claims that when Toranaga asked her about whether Mariko and Blackthorne were sleeping together, Gyoko denied it. Gyoko reveals that Lord Kiyama—a Christian daimyo on the Council of Regents—paid the Amida Tong assassin to kill Blackthorne. Gyoko ends with one last secret: Kiku is pregnant, and either Blackthorne or Toranaga is the father. 

Book 4, Chapter 51 Summary

Blackthorne readies his samurai and European crews. They will dock the Erasmus at a village called Yokohama, where it will be safe from typhoons.

Yabu asks Blackthorne to start over in their relationship: Blackthorne will lead the fight on sea and Yabu on land.

Alvito watches the ships and curses them. Mariko asks to give confession but doesn’t actually talk about her sins. Instead, she asks for Blackthorne’s life in exchange for information. Alvito agrees to take her request to the Father-Visitor. Mariko reveals several things to Alvito: her belief that Toranaga is carrying out a hoax, and the rumor that Lord Onoshi—another Regent—might be planning to poison Lord Kiyama. She ends by saying that Toranaga will lose without Alvito’s help and that she is not worthy to actually confess.

The night before, Mariko told Blackthorne he was in danger: Yabu still wants to kill him. Blackthorne feel alone. He cannot trust anyone. 

Book 4 Analysis

Many of Toranaga’s actions have been gambits designed to provoke reactions from his enemies. As foreshadowed earlier in the novel, Toranaga is willing to appear weak and even submissive in order to lull his enemies into a false sense of security—unlike most samurai, who cannot endure being seen as indecisive, Toranaga is fine with losing some face temporarily to gain a permanent advantage. Toranaga’s self-control and cunning allows him to play on the bushido revulsion for surrender in ways that force his enemies to reveal their plans and make mistakes. He brings even the loyal Hiro-matsu to the brink of subversion—Hiro-matsu feels that he must disobey Toranaga’s orders out of a sense of duty.

The relationship between Blackthorne and Mariko takes on an elegiac tone. Mariko’s death pledge with Buntaro and her insistence that her voyage with Blackthorne must end soon foreshadow her death. Nevertheless, Mariko is careful to leave Blackthorne with paths forward, urging him to have a child with Fujiko and teaching him meditation techniques that allow him to avoid always rising to the bait in every conflict.

The theme of cultural differences between East and West and the motif of assimilation come to a head during Blackthorne’s visit to his men in the eta village. Instead of celebrating a joyous reunion, Blackthorne is disgusted by the fact that his men have retained standard European hygiene behaviors: They are drunk, lice-ridden, and they stink. He, on the other hand, is now Japanese enough to views them similarly to the way that the Japanese view members of the eta underclass. Alongside this unpleasant encounter, Blackthorne finds his idea of home changing. He has lost his desire for his wife, and in his memories England feels like an unclean place. He cannot imagine returning to a life without bathing, cleanliness, or civility. When he is given his freedom and a complement of samurai, Blackthorne decides that above all national loyalties lies his duty to the charter he swore as Pilot. However, he will soon be called upon to choose sides: whether to leave, or to stay and help Toranaga. 

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