Secret of the Andes

Chuto is both a father figure and spiritual guide to Cusi. As the only human companion in Cusi’s isolated existence, Chuto is characterized by his quiet wisdom, steady presence, and connection to the traditions of the Incan people. He is introduced as a stoic, gentle man, responsible for teaching Cusi the ways of llama herding and survival in the Hidden Valley.

Chuto’s primary motivation throughout the novel is to protect both Cusi and the legacy of the Incas. He is often reluctant to expose Cusi to the outside world, understanding that Cusi’s innocence and isolation are part of what keeps him safe. Before each major decision, Chuto repeatedly asks Cusi, “Are you certain? Are you sure?” (125), as a way of cautioning him and urging careful thought. His protective nature is rooted in his own experience and mistakes, as he fears Cusi might be drawn away from his heritage, just as Chuto’s own previous charge was. Chuto’s biggest internal conflict arises from his failure with Titu, Cusi’s father, who ran away from the responsibility of protecting the Incan heritage. This failure weighs heavily on Chuto, who sees Cusi as a second chance to fulfill his role as a mentor.

Though not Cusi’s biological father, Chuto provides the guidance, protection, and emotional support that shape Cusi’s understanding of the world and his place within it. When Chuto sends Cusi on a journey beyond the valley, it is a pivotal moment in their relationship. Although Chuto is reluctant to let Cusi go, he recognizes that allowing him to experience the world is essential for his growth, telling him, “You are old for your age, my Cusi, and wise, too, I think” (53). These words express Chuto’s confidence in Cusi’s maturity, even as he worries about the dangers that await him.

Chuto’s protective instincts are evident throughout the novel, though he often expresses his care indirectly. Rather than overt displays of affection, Chuto shows his love through his actions. For instance, he carefully prepares Cusi for his journey by ensuring that he understands how to care for the llamas, pack supplies, and navigate the outside world. In his own way, Chuto gives Cusi the tools he will need for survival, both physically and emotionally. Chuto’s role as a father is also tied to the larger duty of preserving the Incan heritage. He is not just raising Cusi to be a man but to be a guardian of a sacred legacy.

From the beginning of the novel, Misti seems to be more than just an ordinary llama. He is Cusi’s closest companion in the secluded world of Hidden Valley, where human interaction is scarce. Misti provides Cusi with a sense of comfort and constancy, often staying near him with “his big dark eyes [...] full of questions” (16). This description suggests Misti’s almost human-like understanding of Cusi’s feelings, reinforcing the bond they share.

As Cusi matures, so does his understanding of the relationship he has with Misti. Early in the novel, Cusi attempts to overload Misti with supplies, but the proud llama refuses, as “Misti sat down! The other seven llamas sat down! They turned their heads to look at Cusi with surprise and disapproval” (66-67). This moment illustrates Misti’s independence and pride, while also teaching Cusi a lesson in respect and balance. Cusi learns that Misti, like himself, cannot be forced into a role that doesn’t fit.

Misti’s loyalty and steadfastness are most evident at the climax of the novel when Cusi feels lost and disillusioned after failing to find the family he longed for in the lower valley. It is Misti who remains with him, providing comfort and support in Cusi’s moment of vulnerability, as “Misti’s bell tinkled, tinkled, tinkled. Even when he could no longer be seen among the milling people, the sweet, clear tinkle called to Cusi” (106). The sound of the bell becomes a reminder to Cusi of where he truly belongs—not with the imagined family, but with the traditions and people of the Andes.