68 pages • 2 hours read
Walter Dean MyersA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Jamal’s classmate, Ozzie (Oswaldo Vazquez), challenges him to an innocent game. They try to beat each other down the school steps by jumping but land at the feet of Mr. Davidson. Stuck waiting outside the principal’s office again, Jamal notices that the lobby has two portraits: one of George Washington and one of Martin Luther King, Jr. He wonders why the Washington picture is incomplete.
When Mr. Davidson finally calls Ozzie and Jamal into his office, he warns Ozzie that if he hangs out with Jamal Hicks, he’ll find himself “in trouble if you like it or not” (59). He dismisses Jamal without a warning because he doesn’t “think it’s going to do [him] any good” (59). He’s just waiting until Jamal does something bad enough to kick him out of school altogether.
Jamal returns to class, where he’s inexplicably teased by Dwayne for getting an answer correct. Jamal wants to “punch him out” and isn’t afraid to fight back (60). Jamal waits for Tito after school, who is wearing one of his shirts. Jamal convinces him to go to a boat basin on 79th Street that is more than an hour’s walk away. Tito has an asthma attack on the way, which upsets Jamal, but “soon they were going along the walk picking out boats, the way they always did” (61).
Tito settles on a little black-and-gold boat, saying that he’ll start with that one and graduate to a bigger boat. Jamal says that he’s going to go straight for the big boat, which Tito thinks is unwise. They see a well-dressed man emerge from one of the boats, plucking up the courage to wave and ask how much it costs. The man, whose company owns the yacht, says that he imagines it would cost $85,000 and wishes them luck with getting it.
They want to take the train home but don’t have any money. Jamal appeals to a pair of cops (one Black, one white) at the subway station to let them on without paying the fare on account of Tito’s asthma, but they yell at them to scram and threaten Jamal with a nightstick. Tito coughs during much of their return journey, and Jamal tries to raise his spirits by thinking about how they could move somewhere warm, like Puerto Rico, when they are older to help with Tito’s illness. Tito suggests that they could race their boats there, and Jamal reminds him that he’d win because he's going to have the big boat.
Mama badly burns her hand in an ironing accident, instinctively (but unnecessarily) trying to protect Sassy from getting burned. Jamal can see that she’s in pain, but she downplays it. When Jamal gets to school, Dwayne teases him for having an un-ironed shirt. They kick each other, setting up another fight. There was no winner of the first one, so Jamal isn’t afraid, but he doesn’t especially feel like fighting. Children are already gathered to watch, so Jamal goes through with it even though Tito suggests that they split. They are locked in a painful tussle when two mail carriers pull the boys apart. Jamal’s shirt is ripped, and Dwayne has dog poo on his pants. Incensed, the bigger, 14-year-old Dwayne vows to carry on tomorrow.
Tito accompanies Jamal home. Tito thinks that Jamal technically won the fight. Jamal says that he’ll fight again tomorrow if need be. Jamal puts on Tito’s sweater to cover up his torn shirt, but Mama is at work anyway. He gets cleaned up and tries on the smaller of Randy’s two Scorpions jackets, which “was still a little too big for him, but not by much” (72).
The next day, the whole school is talking about yesterday’s fight and anticipating its continuation. Between Mama and Randy, Jamal has other things on his mind. When Mrs. Rich calls on him to answer a math question, he’s thinking about Mama coming home late because her burned hand slowed her down at work. He can’t answer, and she scolds him for not paying attention.
Dwayne starts to harass him again during last period, but this time, the teacher catches him and makes him stay for after-school detention. Jamal doesn’t want other children to think that he’s scared, so he’s hanging out in front of the school when Mack finds him and wants to talk. Jamal waits for Tito to accompany him. Mack tells them that he’s informed the Scorpions that Jamal is their new leader even though they want to vote on it. There is a meeting today, and Mack wants Jamal to stake his claim, pistol in hand. Although Tito still thinks that Jamal should not join the gang, he says that he will too if Jamal is in it. He thinks that they might be able to “do some good things” by being part of the group and take care of each other (78). Jamal takes the gun from Mack, who will be accompanying Jamal as his warlord, and follows Mack to the meeting.
Mack leads Jamal and Tito to the Scorpions’ “base,” which is an old, boarded-up firehouse behind Marcus Garvey Park that they can access through a window at the back. The rest of the members are already there, watching a kung fu movie. The meeting starts informally, with two members called Angel and Indian challenging Jamal’s leadership since he is so young and inexperienced. Mack says that Randy is still the leader of the gang, and he wants Jamal to take his place while he’s in jail. Mack threatens Indian to stop him questioning Randy’s decision.
Jamal is not sure what to do. He opens his coat, thinking about giving back the gun, but as soon as he does that, the other members see that he has a “piece” in his hand. Instead of giving the gun back, Jamal allows Mack to say that Jamal is a killer like his brother, which is why he has the “heart” to run the gang. The other members grudgingly accept his leadership, and Jamal assumes the role. Then they turn to questioning Tito’s membership. Jamal insists that Tito is now a member. The rest of the members are between 14 and 16. They think that Tito looks like a child. They pause their conversation to watch a fight scene in the film. Jamal and Tito then get up to go. As they depart, Indian tells Jamal that he doesn’t have anything against him personally.
Jamal and Tito agree to meet in Central Park the following day to try shooting the gun. They chat about the meeting and the fireman poles in the clubhouse. Tito think about how he could be a firefighter and save lives.
Jamal returns home and hides the gun in the couch. Sassy comes out of the bathroom and tells him that their dad, Jevon, was at the apartment earlier. Sassy reports that he said that he was getting a new job and could give them some money, but Jamal is dubious because Jevon says that all the time. Jevon is supposed to come back later with some McDonalds for dinner. Jamal thinks about his dad. Jevon Hicks used to live with them, but it was so long ago that Jamal can’t really remember what it was like. Jevon lost a job and started drinking too much. The more he drank, the more abusive he became toward Mama, until one morning, she took the children and left. They stayed with a family member for a few days until Mama found a new apartment for them. She has been caring for the three kids ever since. Jevon used to visit frequently, but now he only comes around once in a while. Jamal is sad about how both his father and older brother have made Mama unhappy, “taking a little piece of [her] with them that they couldn’t bring back” (88).
Jamal goes into Sassy’s bedroom and draws his favorite subject from her window, the little garden behind their apartment building, which he’s sketched many times before. The courtyard used to be filled with garbage, but the landlord of the building next door cleaned it up and planted a garden for everyone to enjoy. As Jamal sketches, he thinks about the Scorpions. He admits to himself that he’s afraid of them, but he knows that they are afraid of Mack and the gun. He’s worried about fighting Indian, who is tough and wild, but Jamal hopes that the gun will protect him.
Mama returns from the shop. She asks if Jevon is there and is disappointed but not surprised to see that he is not. However, Jevon arrives and greets everyone in a familiar way. He asks Jamal about school and threatens to “straighten him out” with a belt if he doesn’t try harder (93). Jamal tears up. He wishes that Jevon were somewhere far away like Tito’s dad.
Jevon suggests that they all go to Coney Island sometime. Mama reminds him that they need money for Randy’s appeal. Jevon claims that he can get half of the $2,000. He thinks that Jamal should step up and be a “man” to help earn the rest. Sassy defends Jamal by saying he’s too young, and Mama defends him by saying that he already helps out a lot around the house. Jevon stays until 11 o’ clock, watching TV. Jamal can tell that Mama is pleased to have him there. He’s relieved to see Jevon go, but he feels upset. His dad always makes him feel like he’s doing something wrong. Jamal is not sure how to be a man.
The next morning, Jamal brings the gun with him to school in a paper bag. It “feels heavier” now. In math class, Dwayne challenges Jamal to another fight. They agree to meet in the storeroom at noon. Jamal goes to find Tito, who agrees to put the gun in the storeroom for him, provided that he promises to get rid of it after the fight. Jamal goes back to his class where Dwayne continues to harass him. Jamal thinks that if the gun shut Indian up, it will definitely shut Dwayne up. He worries about what might happen if Dwayne gets the gun from him, but the thought of Dwayne laughing at him overwhelms his concerns.
A crowd gathers to witness the fight. Jamal argues that he will not go into the storeroom to fight unless it’s just him and Dwayne. The crowd is displeased. Dwayne agrees to go in alone, and Jamal locks the door behind them.
Dwayne initially gets the better of the fight, landing punches and kicks. When he’s distracted by Jamal ripping his shirt, Jamal grabs the bag that Tito left on the shelf for him and pulls out the gun. Dwayne thinks that it’s fake at first, but as soon as Jamal says that he’s the leader of the Scorpions and shows him that it’s real, he begins to break down. He cowers on the floor and begs Jamal not to shoot. With adrenaline racing, Jamal kicks him again and again. He leaves and warns that Dwayne will “be dead” next time.
Jamal races through the crowd and out of school, ignoring Tito and a teacher calling for him. Crying, he instinctually heads for the boat basin. Jamal is wracked with anxiety about the consequences of his actions. He believes that he will be kicked out of school and possibly sent to jail. He imagines that he may never see Mama and Sassy again. He blames Dwayne for his predicament.
He wonders what to do with the gun and reflects on how everything in his life has suddenly changed for the worse in an instant. He wonders if that’s how Randy felt after the stickup that landed him in jail. Still, Jamal can’t help but acknowledge that the gun was the only way that he could have won the fight with Dwayne. Having it means that people don’t “mess with you” (109).
At the boat basin, Jamal sees two women in jogging suits carrying shopping bags. He wishes that he was part of their circle and realizes how different his life would be if he was. While they go into a boat, two teenagers come up to the railing near him, one Spanish and one Black. Jamal grabs hold of the gun and they move on. Jamal heads to 42nd Street, and Tito calls to him while he’s on his way.
This section opens with another encounter with Mr. Davidson, who is, in many ways, as great an antagonist and threat to Jamal’s future as the Scorpions are in the story. Jamal’s regular waits outside his office suggest that his punishments are futile. His observations about the portraits above the secretaries’ desks of Martin Luther King, Jr. and George Washington relate the school to its macro societal context. Jamal wonders why the portrait of Washington, the US’s first president and famous white “founding father,” is “unfinished,” symbolically suggesting that the country’s founding democratic principles—that all people are created equal and endowed with inalienable human rights—are similarly unrealized. Myers creates an obvious discrepancy between Jamal’s offense (playing a game with his friend) and the principal’s response to it (assuming that he is a lost cause), which prompts the reader to question Mr. Davidson’s authority and the assumptions that govern his attitude toward Jamal.
Myers’s third-person limited narrative technique makes Jamal a sympathetic protagonist. It gives the reader insights into Jamal’s life and thoughts that contextualize his behavior. For example, when he isn’t paying attention in math class, it’s because he’s consumed by the difficulties that he’s facing in his home life rather than because he’s a poor or misbehaving student. Myers draws attention to the problems with making assumptions (like his teachers do) about what might be perceived as bad behavior—from missing a math problem to joining a gang, which Myers depicts as largely a matter of chance. In Chapter 7, furthermore, there is a direct link between Jamal fighting with Dwayne and feeling troubled by his mother going to work with a badly burned hand because their family so badly needs the money. Afterwards, Jamal tries on Randy’s Scorpions jackets. The smaller one almost fits Jamal, which is a poignant reminder of his vulnerability in a world that is too big for him, and symbolizes Jamal’s coming of age as he grows into the role of gang leader.
As Myers develops Tito’s character, Tito’s role as Randy’s foil becomes more pronounced. Tito’s sidekick role in Jamal’s dramatic dilemma establishes his morality, loyalty, and naivety. He doesn’t want Jamal to lead the Scorpions, but he agrees to join if Jamal does. He mistakenly believes that if he’s in the Scorpions, he and Jamal can “do some good things too” (78). After the tense meeting at the gang’s club house, Tito asks Jamal if he noticed “the [fire] poles” in the building. Although he’s the newest Scorpion, Tito walks away saying, “I could be a fireman. […] I could save people” (86). This benevolent fantasy becomes cruelly ironic later in the novel when Tito ends up killing someone instead.
Chapter 6 introduces Jamal and Tito’s special refuge, the boat basin, which is a key symbol throughout the novel. In this section, it highlights The Limits of Opportunity. This city harbor for yachts is a place for the boys to dream about being rich someday—and mobile, both physically and socially. The basin is pointedly a long walk from their Harlem homes, and Tito’s asthma flares up on the way there. Jamal hates to see his friend suffer and tries to appeal to two cops, one white and the other Black, to let them ride the train back, but they yell at them to “[g]et out of here” and threaten Jamal with a nightstick, even though they can see Tito is coughing badly (64). Both of these incidents signal Tito and Jamal’s lack of mobility. The public services like the police and public transportation are not there to help them but to keep them out. When Jamal crosses a line by pulling a gun on Dwayne in Chapter 10, he instinctively returns to the boat basin after running out of the school. There, he watches two women boarding a yacht and thinks, “If he knew them, everything in his life would be different. He would probably be finished with school with a diploma and know a lot of places to go with the boat” (110). He connects being upper-class with academic achievement and social mobility.
Now that he’s pulled a gun and become a gang member, Jamal feels his narrow window for opportunity closing. He begins to identify with the slippery slope on which Randy found himself: “He had gone out of the house in the morning and things hadn’t been so bad, and now they were. Had Randy thought the same thing?” (109). Even at the basin, reality chases him. Two teenagers—one “Spanish” and one “black” (a pairing like Tito and Jamal)—approach looking threatening, making Jamal reach for his gun again. Myer uses this device of the doubled pair of boys to suggest that Jamal is being figuratively barred from lingering in this fantasy by an image of his future. Turning away from the harbor and the dreams it represents, Jamal decides to head for 42nd Street, nicknamed “The Deuce,” at the end of Chapter 10. During the 1980s, The Deuce was a notorious red-light district. As he literally turns in that direction, feeling like he doesn’t have any other place to go, Tito calls his name and saves him from slipping further into a crisis from which Jamal can’t come back.
Jamal’s father, Jevon, makes his only appearance in the novel in this section. Myers introduces him indirectly via Sassy, much later than the other Hicks family members (Chapter 8), which reflects the fact that he is mostly out of the picture. His failure to reappear for the rest of the novel (including when Randy is nearly killed) likewise reinforces his lack of meaningful involvement in the life of the Hicks family. While the reader never learns Mama’s first name, Myers frequently refers to Jamal’s dad by his full name—“Jevon Hicks knocked on the door at exactly six o’clock. […] Jevon Hicks took off his topcoat and sat on the other end of the couch” (92)—to emphasize his lack of familiarity with the rest of the family.
The portrait that Myers offers of Jevon in Chapters 8 and 9 exemplifies The Pressures of Masculinity. He constantly tries to assert—and fails to live up to—a masculine ideal that has caused a lot of destruction in their lives. He is not able to provide for his family (a reference to the high rates of unemployment in Harlem), which started the downward spiral, leading to his alcohol addiction and abuse of Mama. He often boasts that he can give them money but rarely delivers, which Myers illustrates in a small way when Jevon claims that he’s going to return with fast food but instead comes late and empty-handed to a dinner that Mama has cooked. At that dinner, Jevon plays a hyper-masculine role that descends into violent threats. He says that dishwashing is women’s work, threatens to “take [his] belt off and straighten [Jamal] out” with a physical beating (93), and scolds his son to start “acting like a man” by providing for the household (96)—which Myers presents as ironic, as Jevon himself was unable to do that.
Jamal doesn’t appreciate when his father plays the overbearing patriarch, but he still attempts to play by the scripts about masculinity that Jevon imposes. Jamal thinks that it’s “as if he was supposed to be doing something but didn’t know what it was” (96), and throughout the novel he attempts to discover and fulfill patriarchal ideals of strength and power. He’s constantly haunted by being weak and vulnerable, which Myers presents as one of the main reasons that Jamal turns to the gun for power. Even after it throws a wrench in his life after he points it at Dwayne, he still reflects that “[p]eople didn’t mess with you when you had a gun” (109). The pressures of masculinity perpetuate the violence that ensues in the novel.
By Walter Dean Myers
African American Literature
View Collection
Books About Art
View Collection
Books About Race in America
View Collection
Books that Feature the Theme of...
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Diverse Voices (High School)
View Collection
Friendship
View Collection
Juvenile Literature
View Collection
Loyalty & Betrayal
View Collection
Newbery Medal & Honor Books
View Collection
Realistic Fiction (High School)
View Collection