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70 pages 2 hours read

Jane Austen

Persuasion

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1817

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Volume 1, Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary

The narrator recounts Anne’s history with navy man Captain Frederick Wentworth, Mrs. Croft’s younger brother and a relative of a nearby curate. In 1806, when Anne was 19, Captain Wentworth visited the curate and soon met Anne. They fell in love and became privately engaged. Sir Walter and Elizabeth disapproved of the match, as Wentworth was socially inferior to Anne and had little money. Lady Russell, also believing Wentworth to be an unsuitable match, persuaded Anne “to believe the engagement a wrong thing” (27) and to break the engagement. Anne never found love again, although the Elliots’ neighbor, Charles Musgrove, once proposed to her. Charles married Anne’s younger sister, Mary, when she refused him. Anne continued to feel regret and sadness over the broken engagement.

Now 27 years old, Anne better understands what happened between herself and Captain Wentworth. “She [does] not blame Lady Russell” (29) but knows that Lady Russell’s motives for persuasion were prejudiced and prioritized the family’s social status over Anne’s happiness. Through the years, she has followed Captain Wentworth’s distinguished military career in the newspapers. Anne anxiously awaits the day when her social circle must overlap with Captain Wentworth's again, as the Elliots, Musgroves, and now the Crofts will live so close to each other that formal visits of acquaintance will be required. She is thankful that the engagement was largely a secret; only Sir Walter, Elizabeth, and Lady Russell knew about it.

Chapter 5 Summary

As Admiral and Mrs. Croft tour Kellynch Hall, Anne walks to Lady Russell’s house to avoid them. When Anne returns, she learns that the Crofts have been approved by Sir Walter as tenants and will soon move in. Lady Russell, “convinced that Anne would not be allowed to be of any use” by her father and sister in Bath (32), arranges to bring Anne to Bath herself after Christmas. For the intervening two months, Anne will stay with her sister Mary at Uppercross, the Musgrove home. Mary, who often believes she is ill and in need of attention, claims to need Anne to occupy her.

Lady Russell is upset that Mrs. Clay is invited to go to Bath with Elizabeth and Sir Walter, fearing that Mrs. Clay will charm Sir Walter into marriage. Anne tries to warn Elizabeth, but Elizabeth is sure that Mrs. Clay’s plainness would never “induce father to make a degrading match” (34). Anne suggests that looks can be ignored if the woman is persuasive and agreeable.

Anne travels to Uppercross Cottage to stay with Mary, her husband Charles, and their two children. Once there, her company assuages much of Mary’s presumed illness and the two set off to the Great House to visit Mary’s Musgrove in-laws. Charles’s younger sisters, Henrietta and Louisa, are present. Mary and Anne are “received with great cordiality” by the Musgroves, who are are “friendly and hospitable, not much educated, and not at all elegant” (39). Anne greatly enjoys the visit, and she and Mary walk with the Musgrove sisters.

Chapter 6 Summary

Anne reflects on the benefits a change of scenery has had on her emotions and thoughts, and strives to be a worthy member of the Uppercross social circle. Anne and Charles have no awkward feelings about his previous proposal, and Anne’s only complaint about staying at Uppercross is “being treated with too much confidence” (42), as she is often called to mediate small domestic disputes between Charles and Mary. The extended Musgrove family sees each other daily for walks, dinner, and dancing. Anne sometimes plays the piano, but her performances are often overlooked, prompting her to remember when her mother was still alive and Anne “knew the happiness of being listened to” (44).

In keeping with societal rules, Mary and Charles Musgrove visit the Crofts after they move into Kellynch Hall. The Crofts return the favor and come to Uppercross Cottage, where Anne finally meets them. She is relieved to find no indication that Mrs. Croft knows about Anne’s past with Captain Wentworth. The Crofts expect a visit from one of Mrs. Croft’s brothers soon, but they do not specify which. The Musgroves are extremely keen to meet Captain Wentworth, as their deceased son was once a sailor on his ship. Anne prepares herself for the inevitable meeting with Captain Wentworth by concealing her feelings.

Volume 1, Chapters 4-6 Analysis

These chapters introduce Austen’s investigation of persuasion as a powerful force that motivates actions, reactions, and interactions with other people. In her role as proxy mother and confidante to Anne, Lady Russell’s powers of persuasion steer Anne away from marrying a man she genuinely loves because of his low birth inferior income. Anne is young, impressionable, and surrounded by a family preoccupied with societal standing; crucially, she also trusts Lady Russel’s advice, and does not yet have the maturity to resist her mentor. Anne’s persuasion results in years of unhappiness and seclusion, so much so that Anne resolves never to give similar advice, as Austen later portrays through Anne’s dispassionate support for the Musgrove sisters in their choice of husband.

Knowing the power of persuasion intimately, Anne perceives the threat that Mrs. Clay’s poses toward Sir Walter, believing “there is hardly a personal defect [...] which an agreeable manner might not gradually reconcile one too” (34). Lady Russell and Anne worry about Mrs. Clay’s influence over Sir Walter and Elizabeth because Sir Walter and Elizabeth are vain enough to be vulnerable to Mrs. Clay’s powers of ingratiating herself.

Austen also plays with the notion of persuasion in the tone of narration used to describe each character. Irony, wit, and humor are used to direct the reader’s emotional attachment toward certain characters and away from others, following Anne’s own inclinations toward or against certain people. For example, the description of the Musgroves (38-39) occurs before either Anne or Mary enters the scene; in this way, the narrator primes the reader favorably toward the Musgroves before they enter the action of the plot. The Musgroves have an immediate restorative effect on Anne, and their confidence in her helps Anne reconnect to her own sense of joy and desire, feelings that have been absent since her broken engagement and in the difficult company of her father and Elizabeth. Ironically, Anne’s improvement in the Musgroves’ company proves Lady Russel correct in her hypothesis that Anne needs a change of scenery and company. The cheerfulness and self-composure Anne develops at Uppercross, in combination with her hard-earned emotional maturity, will allow Anne to better honor her feelings when Captain Wentworth returns to her life.

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