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54 pages 1 hour read

Julia Armfield

Our Wives Under the Sea

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Symbols & Motifs

The Fathomless Ocean

The ocean is a powerful motif throughout the novel. It is often personified or otherwise characterized as a living entity; frequently invoked, alternately as inspiration and as threat; and indicative both of the natural world and of supernatural territory. Leah first compares the ocean to the moon: “Uneroded by atmosphere, by wind or by rain, any mark made up there [on the moon] could quite easily last for several centuries. The ocean is different, the ocean covers its tracks” (9). The ocean is cunning and mysterious. As Leah perceives it, the ocean is a place of constant metamorphosis that is wholly itself, unmarked by others. Leah is fascinated with the ocean and well aware that her love affair with the place is, at its heart, dangerous: “To know the ocean, I have always felt, is to recognize the teeth it keeps half-hidden” (46). This observation implies that Leah’s transformation, like that of a vampire or a werewolf, is engendered by the ocean’s fateful bite.

Still, the ocean is also a place of natural wonder. What draws Leah to it in the first place is its scientific value: “There was something I loved, aged twelve, about the way the book spoke so coolly of the deep ocean, not as something to be survived or conquered but simply navigated” (56). There is much to learn from the life of the ocean, from ocean life. As the Centre sends its crew down into the depths, a spokesperson elaborates on their mission: “We know already that life exists everywhere, even in the places as yet inaccessible, and we know, too, that that life has things to teach us and must be sought out” (116). Though the Centre’s motives are questionable (see The Mysterious “Centre” below), the altruistic aim of deep-sea exploration is to unravel the mysteries of the ocean in order to further the development of humankind.

But the fathomless ocean does not reveal itself easily; exploration of this sort is not without difficulty and sacrifice. In this way, the ocean also functions as a metaphor for the human psyche. As Miri comes to realize, “I used to imagine the sea as something that seethed and then quieted […]. I know now that this isn’t how it goes, that things beneath the surface are what have to move and change to cause the chain reaction higher up” (130). Thus, as Leah undergoes her transformation, the horrors of the deep are dredged up: “Once you reach the depths […] everything has a strange name but rarely a backbone: vampire squid and zombie worms, cosmic jellyfish, tripodfish and faceless cusks and pelican eels. Creatures that live this deep are frequently solitary and only infrequently seen” (72). Both her “sunken thoughts” and her physical metamorphosis are indicative of what lies far beneath the surface.

The Mysterious “Centre”

The Centre remains something of a mystery itself throughout the entire novel. While it ostensibly has the funding and the expertise to mount a deep-sea expedition, the Centre fails to represent itself in a professional and transparent manner. Indeed, the point of Leah’s mission is not entirely clear, and it begins to appear as if the research is being conducted on the crew rather than the creatures of the ocean. Though Miri does not initially suspect that anything is amiss with the mission, in retrospect, she notes warning signs. At the going-away celebration before the submarine departs, Miri observes that “[t]he atmosphere, though convivial, seemed shot through with something unidentifiable—strange sensation, almost a flavor in the air” (38). She goes on to compare the employees of the Centre to devotees, “standing with hands clasped in front of them or under their chins, the way you might expect to witness at a church event” (38). Devotion can quickly careen into zealotry, which can lead the congregation astray. The Centre’s intention, to prove life exists everywhere, might ironically lead it to consider the crew expendable in the face of discovery.

Miri finds it impossible to access any answers or assistance from the Centre once Leah comes back changed; eventually, the Centre simply disappears, leaving not a digital trace. She notes that their full name, the Centre for Marine Enquiry, invokes “a blandness that implies longevity, a patrician sense of having always been there, of being a long-established institution, which of course it is not” (66). Its newness suggests instability. Miri also realizes that she is not entirely certain as to what Leah’s job actually is with the Centre, something she evidently knew about Leah’s previous jobs.

In the submarine, the crew begin to have their own suspicions about the Centre, especially Matteo: “I don’t think they told us the truth,” he tells Leah. “They shipped us off with so much food onboard. The comms went out before the system died, like they switched us off externally. We know all this, we know this” (162-63). He explicitly suggests that they themselves are the experiment. Clearly, Leah’s devout belief in the possibilities of the ocean feeds into the Centre’s stated mission: “I have always felt that there is something knowable about the sea, something within comprehension, and I knew that I couldn’t allow the opposite to be true” (201). She is one of the Centre’s unwitting disciples, plunging into the deep and making herself known to the gigantic octopus-like creature who dwells down there. It is never revealed what the Centre does with such information—or even if Leah chose to disclose her discovery to the Centre. That the Centre is referred to as “The Centre” may reflect its role as doubt or intuition, the instincts at Leah’s core that draw her into exploring the ocean depths, which in turn represent her buried self.

Memories of Mother

Miri struggles with the memories of her mother’s illness and death, which come to symbolize Miri’s own perceived failures. These memories crop up especially when Miri experiences stress or doubt. Miri also suffers from a measure of guilt over never introducing Leah to her mother—though Leah was a comfort to Miri during that difficult time. Miri’s mother was difficult, and Miri recalls the woman with a mix of love and fear. In Miri’s memories, her mother exhibits imperiousness and weakness, expressing both acceptance and rejection toward her daughter. Miri learns from her mother as much about who she does not want to be as about who she would like to be: “I see my mother in myself, though less in the sense of inherited features and more in the sense of an intruder poorly hidden behind a curtain” (116). Miri sees her mother’s flaws in her own easily frustrated personality, her quick temper, and her judgmental nature: “I see her when I assume people are worse than they turn out to be” (116). Miri’s relationship with Leah, however, has mitigated some of these personality traits. Miri has begun to become her own person, despite the lingering characteristics from her mother.

Clearly, Miri has inherited at least some of her anxiety from her mother. The first time her mother is mentioned in the book, the woman is associated with fear and vigilance: “Everything with my mother was always harsh chemicals—she filled a binder with clippings on the cancer risks of various meat products, sent me books on UV rays and home invasions” (7). Later, a memory of her mother’s illness—specifically, the fear that she will inherit it—nearly incapacitates Miri: “I imagined my mother’s symptoms and read them into the way that I swallowed, the way I shaped my words. I fell prey to patterns of terrible thinking” (84). However, as Miri tells her doctor, “I’ve always been like this [...], it’s just that she [Leah] made it better” (84). Thus, Leah’s support allows Miri to free herself from the domineering anxieties of her mother—Leah’s role in this capacity is part of the reason why Miri is so reluctant to introduce Leah to her mother and eventually to let Leah go.

In the end, Miri fantasizes about Leah meeting her mother as much to restore her own sense of self-worth as to alleviate her guilt: “In the fantasy, if fantasy is quite the right word, this typically takes place at my mother’s house by the sea, and perhaps my mother has never been ill, or perhaps she has but I haven’t failed her” (212). Such a meeting is not possible. However, Miri does take Leah to her mother’s house by the sea to guide her into the ocean, her now natural habitat. Miri has not failed Leah as she believes she had failed her mother; rather, she relinquishes her own self-centered needs and selfish desires in order to release Leah. Miri saves Leah’s life by letting her go.

Widow’s Walks and Wives

As Miri reminisces about the beginning of her relationship with Leah, she remembers a time they went to a wedding together. The seaside venue at which the wedding was held boasted an unusual feature, described by the receptionist as follows: “Widow’s walks are typically a feature of coastal dwellings. Wives would watch for their husbands’ ships, mothers for their sons—fishing boats, whalers, smugglers” (25). This feature foreshadows Miri’s wait for Leah, metaphorically treading up the widow’s walk each time she calls the Centre for an update. Miri also remembers the time she observed Leah leave on another mission, “watch[ing] from the viewing deck along with three or four of the other wives” (76). A modern version of the widow’s walk, the deck supports the wives who are firmly locked on land while their partners go off to explore the ocean—or to get lost at sea.

When Miri starts to doubt that Leah will ever return, she imagines finding a support group for people like her: “WIFE UNDER THE SEA? HERE’S THE NUMBER TO CALL” (79). She instead peruses message boards for groups of women who claim their husbands have been lost in space; one of the acronyms these women regularly employ in their postings is “CBW” for “came back wrong” (83). Again, this foreshadows Miri’s eventual experience with Leah: Even after her wife does come back from under the sea, Miri is a virtual widow, as Leah “came back wrong.” The gendered nature of the experience is also clear: Wives wait, while husbands explore; wives are the supportive, gentle Mother Earth to Melville’s “cannibalistic” ocean. But this juxtaposition does not fit Miri’s and Leah’s relationship, and not merely because the gender discrepancy does not apply. It is also because Leah is accustomed to providing the support while Miri is accustomed to needing it. The conventional contrasts—wife/husband, land/sea, passive/aggressive—fall apart. In their place exists a liminal space wherein Miri and Leah’s experience has room to flourish and change (see the theme Liminality as Integral to Change).

Still, Miri identifies with the wives who trod the boards of the widow’s walk. Her wife has been delayed at sea for so long she begins to despair that she will ever return. Around this time, Miri has a disturbing dream. She is in a church, surrounded by a congregation of women, “acolytes of the Church of the Blessed Sacrament of Our Wives Under the Sea” (86). Instead of a solid floor, the church opens into an abyss in which something unidentifiable moves. The preacher speaks of a sunken ship while the congregation echoes amens. Thus, Miri dreams of Leah, lost and potentially buried at sea, a dream from her point of view; she is the one left behind on the widow’s walk. But it is Leah’s narrative that proves prophetic. In an unwitting reference to Miri’s anxieties, to her disturbing dream, Leah recalls the explorer Sylvia Earle’s declaration: “[E]verything we care about is anchored in the ocean” (160)—like Miri’s wife, her Leah.

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