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Charles DickensA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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When Riah visits Fledgeby, he brings the accounts of the moneylending business. Lammle unexpectedly visits at the same time, compelling Fledgeby to hide that he is the real owner of the business. Fledgeby and Lammle mock Riah and send him away so that they can talk in private. Lammle then says that Podsnap has communicated that his daughter will no longer associate with the Lammles. Someone, Lammle suspects, told him about the plan to marry her to Fledgeby. Lammle criticizes Fledgeby for moving so slowly, though Fledgeby is reluctant to give up their plan altogether. They part as friends, though Fledgeby resents the Lammles’ attempts to blame him for this setback. Fledgeby then questions Riah about where Lizzie has gone. Given her desperate situation, Riah explains, he helped her to get out of London to a secret destination. During the course of the conversation, Riah tacitly admits that Lizzie was attracted to Eugene but that he could not marry her because of her class.
Later, Riah visits Jenny Wren. She tells Riah about her father’s recent drinking and says that she feels “solitary and helpless” without Lizzie (435). They visit Abbey together and show her the letter that exculpates Gaffer Hexam, as Lizzie asked them to do. Abbey realizes that she judged Hexam incorrectly and says Lizzie will always be welcome in her pub. The conversation is interrupted when a body found in the river is brought into the pub. Abbey identifies the man as Riderhood and sends messages to his family and to the doctor.
A witness explains that Riderhood’s boat collided with a passing steamer. The doctor believes that he may be able to save Riderhood, who wakes up shortly after Pleasant arrives. Any “sympathy and interest” for Riderhood predicated on his assumed death is quickly forgotten once he wakes up (445). People begin to dislike him again.
When the Wilfers celebrate their wedding anniversary, Bella goes back home. The day is marked by difficulty and awkwardness, including the presence of a man named George Sampson. Walking with her father, Bella tells him that Sampson proposed to marry her. She turned him down, as she is still concerned with amassing as great a fortune as possible. Now George is spending time with her sister, Lavinia. Bella also confides that she has noticed a change in Boffin. She sees Boffin be very rude to his secretary in front of Mrs. Boffin and fears that he has been “spoilt by prosperity” (460).
Alone with his wife, Boffin defends himself by insisting that employees must be taught to respect authority. In the following days, Boffin takes an increased interest in stories of miserly old men. Meanwhile, Bella is growing closer with Mrs. Lammle. Mrs. Lammle introduces Bella to a string of rich men, but Bella finds fault with them all. She tells Mrs. Lammle that she is immune to romance, as money is her only factor in deciding whom to marry; she reveals that she rejected George Sampson for this exact reason. Privately, Mrs. Lammle sees Bella as selfish, so she does not feel guilty about conning her.
Bella becomes increasingly dismayed by Boffin’s greedy behavior. When he demands that his secretary take up residence in his house, she is even more concerned.
Rather than invite Silas to his new home, Boffin has taken to visiting the Bower so that Silas can read to him. Any time he does not do so, Silas is joined by Venus, who is rapidly losing interest in their efforts to search the dust heaps for documents. One evening, Boffin arrives late and finds Silas and Venus together. Boffin has heard the name Venus and wonders whether Venus ever bought anything from the deceased Harmon. Venus insists that he did not. Boffin listens to Silas read books about reclusive misers who left their homes filled with hidden treasure. The stories excite Venus and Silas, who take it as a confirmation that there is something hidden in the Bower. Afterward, Boffin takes a solo walk around the property. Silas wants to follow him in case Boffin reveals the location of the valuables. He and Venus secretly do so, watching as Boffin digs a bottle from a dust heap and fills in the hole. They later pretend to have seen nothing. They make small talk, and Boffin becomes irritated when asked about what he was doing. He leaves. Silas wants to chase after him to steal the bottle, which he believes must be connected to the hidden fortune, but Venus forcefully stops him.
After their tussle, Silas accepts Venus’s reasoning. He reveals that he has found a metal box buried in the dust heaps. A label on the box claimed that it contained the late Harmon’s will. Silas has opened the box, and he believes the will inside to be genuine and of a later date than the will that is publicly known: It leaves Boffin one of the dust heaps and the rest of Harmon’s property to the Crown. Silas believes that Boffin knows that he was not the intended recipient of Harmon’s estate. At Venus’s shop, Silas shows the will to Venus. Silas suggests that they could cut the paper in two, each keeping a half. Instead, Venus recommends that he keep the document and Silas keep the box. They will maintain their watch of the dust heaps for more valuables, and if they uncover anything, they will use the will to blackmail Boffin into giving it to them. Silas now believes that he is the rightful owner of anything found in the dust heaps, including the bottle that Boffin took away, and wants to stop Boffin from taking anything else. When questioned, Venus admits that his attempts to court Pleasant Riderhood are progressing but declines to share much information. Silas leaves feeling frustrated. He regrets bringing Venus into his scheme. Standing outside the Boffin mansion, he imagines himself its owner.
Betty Higden has left London and spent her time selling knitted items from town to town. She is very poor and sad, as well as worried that she will be sent to a workhouse. Any money she makes is spent paying off the officials who drag itinerant people to the workhouse. She becomes very sick and collapses. Lizzie Hexam finds and stays with the dying Betty, promising to notify the people at the address “sewn in the breast of her gown” (511).
The discovery of a second will has significant ramifications for the unfolding narrative—i.e., who stands to inherit the Harmon fortune—while also developing these documents as a motif related to the corrupting influence of wealth and greed. The first will is the foundation of the novel’s plot, drawing John back to England so that he can determine whether to marry Bella while unexpectedly elevating the Boffins to high society. When Silas comes into possession of the will disinheriting Boffin, he never once considers whether he should reveal the dead Harmon’s apparent wishes to the rest of society. Instead, the will becomes a bartering chip in a bid to enrich himself, to the extent that his possession of the document makes him feel entitled to a portion of the Harmon estate despite not being mentioned in the will himself. Ironically, his desires will be confounded by the existence of a third will, which Boffin will then ignore, instead giving the fortune back to John Harmon.
Venus’s taxidermy shop further suggests the immorality of the men’s scheme. Taxidermy involves manipulating the dead without their consent—a symbol of Venus’s plot with Silas. Like taxidermy, the blackmail scheme is an elaborate attempt to reanimate the dead for new purposes, forcing Harmon into new positions that are more in accordance with Venus’s desires than anything resembling reality.
Silas and Venus rationalize their plot with reference to Boffin’s growing miserliness. Boffin’s moral decline would seem to be the novel’s strongest evidence for the problematic nature of wealth, but it eventually turns out to have been an elaborate ruse undertaken for the purpose of bringing Bella and John together. This places Boffin in a position analogous to that of an author manipulating events for the purpose of testing or rewarding characters (an ironic role given that Boffin cannot read or write). It also places him in a role parallel to that of Silas and Venus, scheming either to uphold Harmon’s will (by arranging the marriage) or to subvert it (by ensuring the marriage is based on love). Although the novel frames Boffin’s motivations and actions as benevolent, it is a mark of the extent of societal corruption that he too resorts to deception and manipulation.
The demise of Betty Higden continues to explore The Tension Between Poverty and Dignity. Although the Boffins offer to subsidize the journey she undertakes after Johnny’s death, she refuses their charity. Her refusal gains more meaning as the novel shows the suffering she endures traveling from town to town. She struggles for money, often starving because she is forced to pay what little she has to corrupt local officials. Betty is shown to be a good and charitable woman who devotes her life to caring for others, but a self-interested society treats her with contempt. However, in contrast to the many characters who respond to societal corruption with corruption of their own, she insists on self-reliance, supporting herself even as her life and her strength are whittled away by her poverty. The novel frames this as noble, though it also implies that she should not have been in this position to begin with.
By Charles Dickens