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63 pages 2 hours read

Charles Dickens

Our Mutual Friend

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1865

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Book 2, Chapters 1-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2, Chapter 1 Summary: “Of an Educational Character”

Charley Hexam has transferred to a better school after showing academic promise. He now studies in a school outside London and hopes to one day run his own school. Six months have passed since his father’s death and a year since John Harmon’s body was found. Bradley Headstone, one of Charley’s teachers, wants to meet with Lizzie to determine whether she is a positive influence on Charley.

As Charley and Headstone leave for the meeting, they run into Miss Peecher, a teacher who is in love with Headstone, though he does not love her. She uses her student, Mary Ann, to keep close tabs on Headstone. When Charley and Headstone arrive in the rundown neighborhood where Lizzie, who now works as a seamstress, is staying, they are met by a strange child. The “little figure” claims to be the head of the household, telling the visitors that Lizzie will be back soon. The child has a very adult manner and explains that she makes dresses for dolls.

When Lizzie returns, she greets the visitors. Charley is upset by the squalid living conditions in which he has found his sister. As they take a walk, he suggests that she move to a new home. Lizzie explains that the strange child is the granddaughter of a man with an alcohol addiction who drowned in the river and was afterward robbed by Hexam. Lizzie lives with the girl and her father (also addicted to alcohol) as a way to do penance for her own father’s sins. Charley believes that they should move on from their past and improve their lives.

After the meeting, Charley and Headstone walk together. Charley recognizes Eugene in the street; he is surprised that Eugene would be visiting such a poor neighborhood. Charley does not like Eugene, he explains to Headstone, who wonders whether the lawyer has come to see Lizzie. When Hexam’s body was found, Charley explains, Eugene brought the news to Lizzie and seemed annoyed that Charley was present. The conversation turns to Lizzie’s lack of education, which Charley is concerned could be a point of future embarrassment. Headstone suggests that she may struggle to find a husband because of this. Charley wonders whether he should hire a woman to educate Lizzie, and Headstone offers to draw up a list of suitable teachers.

Book 2, Chapter 2 Summary: “Still Educational”

Lizzie returns to Jenny Wren, the childlike dressmaker who has become her close friend. Jenny has a range of physical disabilities. Eugene arrives, mentioning that he passed Charley in the street. Eugene has kept a close watch on Riderhood through Mortimer Lightwood, though he has no updates about the man. It emerges that Eugene has offered to hire a teacher for Lizzie (and Jenny), but she is hesitant to accept. Her hesitancy is a mistake, he believes. Lizzie appreciates his desire to help and agrees to the lessons. Jenny’s father will be home soon, she says, so Eugene should leave. He departs, and the man arrives a short time later in an intoxicated state, receiving a scolding from Jenny.

Book 2, Chapter 3 Summary: “A Piece of Work”

Given a chance to run for Parliament, Veneering rallies support from his associates. He visits Twemlow, who declines to help him but offers to get support from others. Podsnap offers to help Veneering, and they work on his campaign together by talking to “influential people.” His wife visits Lady Tippins, whose connections may help secure the seat. A dinner is held at the Veneering house; Veneering delivers a speech. He wins the seat, and everyone celebrates. Twemlow, however, suspects that there are irregularities in the election, as Veneering knows nothing about the constituency that he now represents.

Book 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “Cupid Prompted”

Georgiana Podsnap is becoming friends with the Lammles. During one visit at their house, she is told about a young man named Fledgeby who is romantically interested in her. The Lammles arrange for Georgiana and Fledgeby to meet. Georgiana is more concerned with pleasing her friends than any romantic relationship. She has no idea that Fledgeby is part of the Lammles’ plot to secure her fortune.

Book 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “Mercury Prompting”

Fledgeby is distantly related to Twemlow but has flourished despite his family being relatively poor. Lammle criticizes him for not pursuing Georgiana more forcefully, as he wants the young couple to marry as soon as possible. In the meantime, he must borrow money from Fledgeby. When he is alone, Fledgeby goes out to meet with Riah, a Jewish man who borrowed large sums of money from Fledgeby’s father. Fledgeby has forgiven the debt and placed Riah in charge of his deceased father’s moneylending business. Fledgeby is surprised to see Lizzie and Jenny in the moneylender’s store; they have purchased some scraps of fabric from Riah. They appreciate that his store is quiet and peaceful, allowing them to study.

Book 2, Chapter 6 Summary: “A Riddle without an Answer”

During this time, Mortimer confronts Eugene, concerned that Eugene is keeping secrets. As they speak, Charley and Headstone come to the lawyers’ office. Charley wants to know why Eugene keeps visiting his sister; as they talk, antagonism mounts between Eugene and Headstone. Charley and Headstone criticize Eugene for arranging Lizzie’s education, as they were planning to do so. Eugene dismisses Headstone, which angers Headstone. The schoolmaster warns Eugene to steer clear of Lizzie and then departs with Charley. Mortimer asks Eugene whether he has romantic intentions toward Lizzie, but Eugene is evasive.

Book 2, Chapter 7 Summary: “In Which a Friendly Move Is Originated”

In his new position, Silas has developed an arrogant attitude and sense of entitlement. He buys his leg from Venus, who personally delivers it to the Bower. Silas mentions that he feels he has been mistreated by Boffin (who, he believes, favors Rokesmith) and been overlooked for the role of secretary. He quizzes Venus regarding Harmon’s links to dust heaps, wondering what sort of valuable items Harmon might have hidden in them. Venus acknowledges that the rumors about the dust heaps may be true; in particular, there may be an alternative will hidden somewhere. Silas insists he simply wants justice and offers to work with Venus. If they find anything, he says, they can split the profits equally. Since Venus no longer has any romantic prospects, he begrudgingly agrees to the deal. As they discuss the need for secrecy, Rokesmith interrupts with a message from Boffin. After Rokesmith leaves, Silas talks about his resentment of Boffin, who now lives in a house that Silas values a great deal. He believes that Boffin is the chief beneficiary of the murder of John Harmon.

Book 2, Chapter 8 Summary: “In Which an Innocent Elopement Occurs”

Boffin notices that Rokesmith seems to avoid contact with everyone who is not Bella. Bella has also noted how frequently Rokesmith seems to come into contact with her. His presence flusters her. After one encounter, she returns home to her family and hears her mother disparage the Boffins. Bella leaps to their defense. As she leaves, Rokesmith arrives with a bag of money. Bella takes the money to hand it directly over to her father. Bella then visits her father at his office, suggesting that he finish for the day so that they can spend time together. While they are alone, Bella tells her father that she is becoming a “mercenary” obsessed with getting rich. Mr. Wilfer is troubled by his daughter’s confession. After they part ways, Bella reflects sadly on the state of her life.

Book 2, Chapters 1-8 Analysis

Through Riah, Our Mutual Friend explores the antisemitic stereotypes that existed in Victorian society. Riah runs a small moneylending business that is actually operated by Fledgeby: Since moneylending is considered a dishonorable business, Fledgeby does not want to be publicly associated with the store in public, instead manipulating the stereotypes around such institutions to his advantage. Traditional Christian attitudes toward usury led many European nations to ban moneylending in past centuries. As a result, such businesses often became associated with Jewish communities, even though many Christians used them. Fledgeby, prone to antisemitic outbursts, embodies this arrangement, using Riah as a shield for his reputation even as he benefits financially from the business. As Riah notes, “Were I to say, ‘This little fancy business is not mine […] it is the little business of a Christian young gentleman who places me, his servant, in trust and charge here, and to whom I am accountable for every single bead,’ they would laugh” (277). The subplot is one of the ways in which the novel explores The Relationship Between Names and Identity, as Riah’s name, a marker of his Jewishness, strongly shapes the way in which others perceive him and even the vocations that are open to him.

The novel also continues to develop The Rigidity of Social Class. Because Hexam was so staunchly opposed to his children leaving the river and making better lives for themselves, his death would seem to free Charley and Lizzie. For Lizzie in particular, however, neither the past nor her social position is easy to escape. While Charley is able to find work under the tutelage of Headstone, Lizzie must rely on scraps of work here and there to get by. She meets Jenny Wren, and together the two women make a living in the shadows of their fathers, Jenny’s struggles with the unreliable “Mr. Dolls,” as Eugene dubs him, recalling Lizzie’s relationship with Hexam. Mr. Dolls will do anything to satiate his addiction, to the point where his own daughter must treat him like a child. Their relationship is an ironic inversion of the traditional dynamic between father and child, in which the tiny Jenny castigates her father for his behavior. Jenny and Lizzie bond because they are both women who have been forced to fend for themselves in a patriarchal society.

Lizzie’s lack of education—a reflection of both her class and gender—further impedes her prospects. The offer to fund her education, which both Headstone and Eugene extend, would seem a way to improve her lot in life, but the way in which this offer is extended and accepted (or rejected) illustrates the particular struggles of working-class women. In both cases, the offer is conditional: Headstone and Eugene are romantically interested in Lizzie, and they use their offer of an education to deepen her dependence on them. Headstone’s angry reaction to learning that Lizzie has accepted Eugene’s offer over his own obliterates any plausible deniability about the true nature of the offer, as he views her decision as a tacit preference for Eugene over himself. Lizzie’s education becomes a point of contention between two romantic rivals rather than anything pursued for Lizzie’s own sake. In fact, the offer could do more harm than good, as any suggestion that Lizzie was sexually involved with either Headstone or Eugene out of wedlock could permanently ruin her reputation in a society that prized female chastity.

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