62 pages • 2 hours read
Kazuo IshiguroA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Kathy drives around Britain as part of her job as a carer. The time alone gives her plenty of time to think. She remembers how the guardians encouraged each of the students to write a long essay on a subject of their choosing. Kathy wanted to write about Victorian novels. The students leave Hailsham and move to a place known as the Cottages, which is where they write their essays. The writing process can take “anything up to two years” and helps the former Hailsham students focus on something in their new home (71). Kathy still gets nostalgic for her essay, but she viewed it very differently at the time when she first arrived at the Cottages.
Eight former Hailsham students from Kathy’s year group are sent to the Cottages while the others are sent to similar facilities around the country. The Cottages are the remnants of a bankrupted farm that have been repurposed for the donors to live in. The residents have chores to maintain the building, but many parts of the houses are falling apart. The area is cold and wet, but the residents are excited to leave Hailsham. The only regular contact with the outside world is a grumpy old man named Keffers who delivers supplies. There are no guardians; Kathy and the others are told to look after one another. Ruth, Tommy, and a number of other familiar faces are sent to the Cottages, where they join older donors from Hailsham and similar facilities. These older residents, known as the veterans, are allowed to leave the grounds if they have permission.
Kathy and her friends depend on the veterans to help them on the day they arrived at the Cottages. The confusion of that first day seems strange to Kathy years later as she associates the Cottages with two relaxing years spent reading books. During the first weeks in the Cottages, Ruth makes “a big deal” of her relationship with Tommy (73). She very conspicuously shows signs of tenderness and affection, which Kathy believes appear immature. Kathy observes the veteran couples closely and notices that many of their mannerisms are stolen from television shows. The oldest couple, Susie and Greg, seem to mimic gestures from American sitcoms. Eventually Ruth realizes that her attitude toward Tommy does not fit the more mature environment of the Cottages, and she changes her behavior. One day, Kathy mentions this to Ruth. The discussion escalates, and Ruth accuses Kathy of being jealous of the time she is spending with the other couples. The conversation ends acrimoniously with Kathy refusing to rise to Ruth’s insinuations that Kathy is slow to make new friends.
The first months at the Cottages put a strain on the friendship between Ruth and Kathy. They quarrel more than ever but also confide in one another most nights before they retire to bed. They trust one another not to use their private confessions in their quarrels, but Ruth breaks this agreement by commenting on Kathy’s struggles to make friends. Kathy feels betrayed.
Sex is treated differently at the Cottages. There is less gossip and speculation. Kathy feels people are more mature about the matter, especially casual sex. Kathy sleeps with a few boys but refrains from starting a relationship. She admits to Ruth in one of their nighttime chats that sometimes she feels the urge to have sex but worries about the impact this urge has on her emotions and her ability to form friendships. Kathy is shocked that Ruth uses this confession against her during their argument and feels as though there are “two quite separate Ruths” (78). One is desperate to impress the veterans and frequently ignores Kathy; the other is the quiet, supportive Ruth from Hailsham.
Kathy understands that Ruth might also have felt betrayed. They two come to an unspoken agreement by which Ruth behaves differently in front of the veterans but Kathy never mentions it. This agreement may have been violated by the comment about Ruth’s stolen gestures. Kathy appreciates that Ruth made a concerted effort to grow up and mature after leaving Hailsham. Ruth never kept any mementos from their time at school, as though she wanted to leave that version of herself behind.
The residents adjust to life in the Cottages. Some people go on “courses” where they are taught to be carers. Carers are people who pause their donations for several years to take care of other donors. The carer training courses are rarely discussed at the Cottages. Neither are the people who leave the Cottages. One day Kathy finds a pile of confiscated pornography magazines. They fascinate her, and she takes them to an out-building to examine them. She examines the faces of the girls in the magazine until she becomes aware that someone is watching her. Tommy enters sheepishly and tells her that she is looking at them wrong. She should pause and consider each image rather than rifling through the pages as quickly as possible. He knows that she is searching for something, but Kathy refuses to discuss the matter.
Everyone feels more settled by the first winter in the Cottages. One day Ruth explains to Kathy that an older couple named Chrissie and Rodney took a trip to Norfolk. They saw a girl who looked remarkably like Ruth. They believe that this could be a “possible.” Kathy takes a break from the narrative to explain that all the donors are clones of real people. A possible is the real person a donor is cloned from. The idea of the possibles is a theory, and there are many unknown or disputed aspects. Discussions about possibles at the Cottages are awkward, but everyone is secretly fascinated by the idea. They hope meeting their possible might provide insight into their own futures.
Chrissie and Rodney want to take Ruth to Norfolk to see the woman they think may be her possible. Kathy quite likes Chrissie and Rodney but notes that they seem obsessed with Hailsham. She is skeptical about Ruth’s possible and worries that it feeds too much into their shared delusion of a future that the donors will not have. Ruth has long dreamed of working in an office, and the possible is spotted in this exact location. Kathy worries that Chrissie in particular has a hidden motive. She insists on accompanying Ruth, Tommy, Chrissie, and Rodney to Norfolk.
Rodney borrows a car to drive the group to Norfolk. Ruth pretends not to take the idea of her possible seriously, but the matter clearly means a great deal to her. The long car journey is made worse by Ruth’s insistence on talking only to Chrissie and Rodney. Tommy and Kathy are stuck in silence. When they reach the small seaside town in Norfolk that is their destination. They eat in a café with a view of the sea, and conversation turns to people who have departed the Cottages. Ruth insists on taking Chrissie and Rodney’s side in every matter. Eventually they talk about her possible, but Rodney seems more dismissive than before.
Chrissie changes the subject and begins to talk about Hailsham. She considers the “Hailsham lot” to be more privileged than other donors. Ruth has done nothing to dissuade her of this idea. Kathy realizes that the story about the possible was simply a pretext to have a conversation about Hailsham away from the many listening people at the Cottages. The atmosphere becomes tense as Chrissie explains that she heard a rumor that Hailsham students can get a deferral and have their donations put back by years, but only if they can prove that they are in love. Ruth nods along knowingly. Kathy has heard rumors about deferrals but knows nothing. Tommy states that he knows nothing. Kathy notices Tommy’s old rage bubbling back to the surface, but the anger fades quickly.
Part 2 of the novel introduces the concept of hope into the lives of the characters. Kathy and her friends are raised to believe that their only purpose in life is to donate their organs. They accept this fate when they are young, but as they grow older the limitations of their own mortality become apparent. They start to think more about the purpose of their lives and how little time they have left. This anxiety leads to two distinct behaviors: They imagine their lives if they lived in the outside world, and they trust in mysterious bureaucratic programs that might offer them relief.
Ruth invents an alternative life for herself. A glimpse of a magazine fills her with the dream of working in an office—of having a normal existence in which she works Monday to Friday in a small office and then lives the rest of her life without the thought of donations. She may never explicitly state the reality of her dream, but she is desperate to enjoy the mundanity of the outside world. The dull, prosaic existence of the regular office worker is a fascinating, enthralling ambition for a person who has been raised their entire life in the knowledge that they will die young after a painful donation program. The dream of working in an office gives Ruth an imaginary way to postpone her death and embrace a normal life.
Chrissie and Rodney represent the alternative way for the young clones to deal with their existence. Their theory about deferrals demonstrates how they keep hope alive in their lives. They want to believe in the idea of a deferral for couples who love one another, and they believe that all that is separating them from such a program is that they do not know the correct application process or which rules to follow. The system itself is never questioned; the donors only hope that they can find a way to exploit the system and survive a little longer. The capacity for hope among the clones is limited. They cannot imagine a world in which they do not fulfil their purpose. Instead, they only want a few extra years. Their wildest, most hopeful dreams either reflect their desire to lead dull but long lives or illustrate the extent to which the donors have become entirely subsumed into the system. They have internalized the importance of donation to the point where they cannot conceive of any other existence. Hope is introduced in Part 2 of the novel, but the way in which it is presented illustrates that this particular brand of hope is bleak and limited.
By Kazuo Ishiguro
British Literature
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Fantasy & Science Fiction Books (High...
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Fate
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Japanese Literature
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Nobel Laureates in Literature
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Romance
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Science Fiction & Dystopian Fiction
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The Booker Prizes Awardees & Honorees
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