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49 pages 1 hour read

Diane Chamberlain

Necessary Lies

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2013

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Chapters 41-58Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 41 Summary: “Ivy”

Ivy and Mary Ella walk to the Gardiners’ store for flour. Ivy is terrified of facing Mrs. Gardiner and tries to convince Mary Ella to go inside without her. Mrs. Gardiner rushes out and yells at Ivy for her involvement with Henry Allen. She speaks of plans to replace the Harts with other tenants, which worries Ivy.

As they walk home, they spot Mr. Gardiner’s truck coming toward them. Suddenly, Mary Ella throws herself in the path of the truck.

Chapter 42 Summary: “Jane”

Jane is alone at the office with the receptionist when Ivy bursts in, crying and angry. She tries to attack Jane, but Jane pulls her off. Ivy tells her of Mary Ella’s suicide, blaming Jane as she had William placed in foster care. Ivy asks Jane to promise that she will not be sterilized, and Jane agrees.

Chapter 43 Summary: “Jane”

Jane tries to attend Mary Ella’s funeral, but Eli forces her to leave. He is angered by her attempts to empathize with their poverty. Eli suggests that Mr. Gardiner is William’s father and that the food he supplied Mary Ella was payment for sex.

Jane leaves and goes to the Gardiner home, waiting for Mr. Gardiner to return from the funeral. She confronts him about being William’s father, but he denies it.

Chapter 44 Summary: “Ivy”

Nurse Ann examines Ivy, who is fearful that the nurse will attempt to sterilize her at any moment. Nurse Ann says that because Ivy has been having seizures lately, she must rest until the baby is born. Ivy presses her as to whether Jane has successfully canceled the sterilization, but Nurse Ann insists she does not know.

Chapter 45 Summary: “Jane”

Jane arrives at the office to discover Charlotte in a meeting with Nurse Ann; they will not let Jane attend. When Nurse Ann leaves, Charlotte explains to Jane that she is being let go from the job. Jane protests, adamant that the sterilization must not take place and that Davison Gardiner should be prosecuted for taking advantage of Mary Ella. Charlotte says that Jane cannot remain a social worker because she cannot maintain an objective position. Jane learns that Ivy will be admitted to the hospital as Ann thinks her baby will arrive early.

Chapter 46 Summary: “Ivy”

Ivy is making lunch for Nonnie. Jane arrives and asks Nonnie for permission to take Ivy with her. She instructs Nonnie to tell Nurse Ann—who will arrive soon to take Ivy to the hospital—that Ivy has run away. Jane plans to keep Ivy at her home while Robert is away at his conference; she tells Ivy she will contact a lawyer regarding the sterilization. Ivy is unsure whether she can trust Jane but goes with her.

Chapter 47 Summary: “Jane”

Ivy and Jane arrive at Jane’s home. Jane settles Ivy in and then calls Gavin, a local lawyer and the widow of her friend Lois. She is dismayed to learn he will be out of the country until the following week. Until then, Jane must keep Ivy hidden and rested so that she does not go into early labor.

Jane’s mother suddenly arrives to drop off a loaf of bread. Jane chats with her and successfully prevents her from lingering.

Chapter 48 Summary: “Ivy”

Ivy and Jane try to pass the time by playing cards and watching television but both are worried. Jane tells Ivy that her sister and father were killed in a car accident several years ago. Ivy sees her similarities with Jane and knows she can trust her. That night, Ivy’s water breaks and her labor begins.

Chapter 49 Summary: “Jane”

Ivy’s labor continues into the night, so Jane phones her mother. She explains everything to her mother when she arrives, and her mother finally agrees not to call an ambulance. Jane consults some of Robert’s medical books, and her mother successfully delivers Ivy’s baby girl.

Chapter 50 Summary: “Ivy”

Ivy names the baby Mary, in honor of her sister. She is worried about what will happen next, but for the time being, Jane’s mother provides her with diapers and baby formula.

Chapter 51 Summary: “Jane”

Jane tells her mother the details of Mary Ella’s and Ivy’s forced sterilizations. Her mother agrees not to tell anyone that Ivy is at Jane’s home. They speak of Jane’s guilt over her sister’s death in the car accident.

Chapter 52 Summary: “Ivy”

Monday arrives, and Jane plans to call Gavin at 9:00 am. Ivy eats breakfast and tells Jane how grateful she is that Jane prevented the surgery; Jane stresses that the danger is not yet over.

Ivy heads back upstairs to rest but hears the slamming of car doors. Two police cars are in Jane’s driveway, so Ivy runs to the closet to hide. With her breakfast fork, she carves “Ivy and Mary Was Here” in the woodwork (311).

Chapter 53 Summary: “Jane”

The police are accompanied by Paula, the social worker. They indicate that Lita suggested Ivy might be hiding there. Jane lies about knowing Ivy’s whereabouts, but when Mary’s cries give them away, the police handcuff her.

Chapter 54 Summary: “Ivy”

Ivy stabs Paula with the fork as Paula takes Mary. She injures one of the police officers as well, determined not to submit to them.

Chapter 55 Summary: “Jane”

Jane is placed into one of the police cars, and Paula, holding Mary, gets into another one. Jane asks for Ivy to be placed into the car with her so that she can speak with her and calm her down, but the car pulls away with Ivy left standing outside of Jane’s house.

Chapter 56 Summary: “Jane”

Jane is placed in custody but meets with Gavin, to whom she reveals the entire story. The next day, he tells her that Ivy and the baby have been placed in two separate foster homes, and the baby has yet to be evaluated. Ivy, however, has just run away. When Gavin tells Jane that Henry Allen is missing as well, Jane knows that he must be the father of the baby.

Chapter 57 Summary: “Brenna”

It is June 22, 2011. Jane’s stepdaughter Brenna shows Gavin and Jane, who are now married, the photo she has taken of the words Ivy carved into the closet. They are on their way to a hearing on behalf of eugenics victims. Neither Jane nor Gavin knows where Ivy is or what happened to her after she fled.

Chapter 58 Summary: “Jane”

Brenna insists on stopping at a Starbucks on the way, which Jane finds unusual. At the coffee shop, Brenna surprises Jane with Ivy, whom Brenna has located. Mary, whose foster family renamed Rose, is with her. Ivy recounts her life with Henry Allen on an olive grove in California. Henry Allen has died, but he and Ivy had two more children and now have three grandchildren. Ivy fills Jane in on the lives of the Jordan children. She forgives Jane for what happened to William, and the group leaves to testify at the trial.

Chapters 41-58 Analysis

This section reveals to Jane the dynamics of the Gardiners, Harts, and Jordans, illustrating how the interplay of gender and class impacts Personal Agency and Autonomy. Jane is shocked by the revelation that Davison Gardiner is William’s father, a fact known by others but shrouded in taboo. Eli tells Jane that because Gardiner is in a position of power and authority—owning the houses in which the Jordans and Harts reside—Mary Ella is powerless and has no choice but to comply with the sexual arrangement. This is further evidence of Mary Ella’s lack of agency and illustrates how The Cycle of Poverty traps individuals in unwanted situations.

As the novel draws to a close, Mary Ella’s narrative arc illustrates the impact of the eugenics movement on individuals and their families. Consumed by grief and depression, Mary Ella dies by suicide. Ivy recognizes that Mary Ella’s depression is a direct result of her forced sterilization and the removal of William from their home. Though many characters dismiss Mary Ella’s feelings because she is regarded as unintelligent, she is affected by the loss of William, revealing the depth of her love for him. Mary Ella’s death impacts Jane greatly as she was responsible for placing William in foster care. Though Jane has previously hinted at a parallel between Mary Ella and her own sister, Theresa— noting that the two look alike—this parallel is fully developed as Jane reveals details of Theresa’s death. Because Jane was faced with the decision of going to get help or staying with her sister and attempting to staunch her bleeding, Jane has been burdened by the feeling of responsibility for her sister’s death. Near the end of the novel, Ivy recognizes that the loss of Theresa impacts Jane in the same way that the loss of Mary Ella impacts Ivy; this shared loss finally enables Ivy to fully trust Jane. As Ivy grapples with the death of her sister while preparing for the birth of her daughter, the lasting consequences of eugenics policies intertwine with the complex realities of The Cycle of Poverty and the foster care system.

As she supports Ivy through grief and pregnancy, Jane continues to navigate the boundaries of Personal Agency and Autonomy in social worker-client relationships. Jane has been warned that her personal connection to the Hart family violates the protocol of her profession. These actions finally come to a head when Jane is terminated from her job. Ironically, however, this frees Jane to aid Ivy in ways she could not before. Jane is certain that fleeing from the home is the only way Ivy can avoid forced sterilization surgery. Jane’s plan works in the short term, but Ivy’s location is quickly discovered. Despite the traumatic conditions surrounding her labor, Ivy quickly bonds with her baby after her birth, further proving to Jane that Ivy should be allowed to make her own reproductive choices.

The novel’s closing chapter, set 50 years in the future, provides a glimpse into the characters’ lives, showing Ivy’s progression toward Personal Agency and Autonomy as well as Jane’s non-traditional fulfillment of her maternal role. This narrative choice offers insight into the long-term effects of the characters’ decisions and circumstances, highlighting their growth and resilience over time. Ivy is revealed to have overcome the challenges of her youth. She pursued a relationship with Henry Allen despite the disapproval of both of their families, and she fulfilled her desire both to live in California and to have more children. Though her life is not luxurious, It is less fraught with financial hardship and challenges than her childhood was, suggesting that she has escaped The Cycle of Poverty. Jane’s life, too, appears to have changed for the better. Ending the unhappy marriage with Robert allowed Jane to marry Gavin, who is a better fit for Jane and supportive of her professional work. Their marriage allows Jane to become a mother to Brenna. Brenna’s trust in Jane was hinted at earlier in the novel, suggesting that Jane’s purpose is not to birth children, as Robert demanded, but to care for those around her who need support and love.

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