71 pages • 2 hours read
Orhan PamukA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The coffeehouse storyteller is dressed as a woman, which has provided him with a greater understanding of sexuality. He advises his listeners to lust after young boys rather than women; since European men frequently view women’s nude bodies through their art, they are continually aroused and unable to succeed in battle.
Fascinated by women’s clothing as a child, the storyteller put on his mother’s underclothes and dresses when alone. From this experience he learned what it is like to be a woman and that women are not evil. In women’s clothing, the storyteller felt beautiful and could imagine a man falling for him. These thoughts turned him on, which upset him.
Singing a song despite the presence of the conversative faction led by Erzurumi, the storyteller relates the story of a man who lusted after a married woman. Melancholy and drunk, the man let his entire neighborhood know of his feelings. As his neighbors believed the man was a harbinger of bad fortune, the man and his wife moved away but were never again happy. The storyteller expresses his appreciation for this story but is silenced by “strangers bursting through the door” of the coffeehouse (356).
After Erzurumi’s mob leaves the coffeehouse, Butterfly surveys the damage. Bodies litter the floor, and the storyteller is dead. Black arrives; he and Butterfly journey to Butterfly’s home, which Black intends to search, hoping to discover the murderer. Black tells Butterfly that the last page of the secret book is missing; whoever killed Enishte took the illustration and probably still has it. The two men discuss Butterfly’s artistic reputation as the most talented miniaturist; Butterfly expresses his belief that Enishte’s book was sacrilegious due to its Venetian style.
While Black searches the house, Butterfly grabs his sword and pins him to the ground. Butterfly admires the artistry of the scene, but Black focuses on the investigation, asking Butterfly about Master Osman’s past treatment of the miniaturists. Butterfly loves Master Osman, despite frequent beatings. Black then explains their need to find the murderer of Elegant and Enishte and relays Master Osman’s suspicions of Olive and Stork. Black and Butterfly decide to inspect the homes of the other miniaturists. They head to Olive’s home, which is unoccupied. They study Olive’s artwork and find a drawing of a horse with slit nostrils. Butterfly believes Stork drew the horse.
At Stork’s house, Butterfly and Black demand to know which miniaturists drew which illustration. Stork made the dog, Butterfly drew Death, and Olive drew Satan. Stork also reveals that Olive drew the horse. He expresses sorrow about the raid of the coffeehouse while Black and Butterfly ransack his belongings and find Stork’s armor. Under Butterfly’s direction, Stork dons his armor, explaining that he has witnessed battles and draws them as they appear in real life. Offended, Butterfly maintains that artists should try to represent the world as Allah sees it. Stork retorts that Allah can see just as humans see. Black and Butterfly cannot find the book’s final missing picture.
Black finally tells Stork about the drawing depicting the clipped horse’s nostrils and explains that Master Osman suspects Stork of murdering Enishte. Stork suggests that the group jointly investigate Olive, who is currently at the empty dervish lodge.
When the group approaches Olive, he hugs Butterfly and asks, “why are they killing us?” (374). Black explains that the murderer may be one of them and asks Olive about the images he drew for the secret book. Olive drew the dervishes and Satan but denies drawing the horse. Black replies that the unique way the horse’s nose was drawn identifies Olive as the artist. Olive, however, still claims he didn’t draw it. Black insists that the group must search the lodge for the final picture stolen from Enishte.
Olive watches the group search his things. They uncover a number of indecent drawings, but do not find the missing picture. Dismayed, Black reminds the men that they will now face torture. Olive starts crying and Black comforts him. The miniaturists reminisce about their youth and their experiences training under Master Osman.
The murderer sits with the other miniaturists and talks about their shared past, but for him, the world they describe seems like a dream. In the middle of the conversation, the murderer blurts out that Osman will betray them and suggests that they preemptively kill the master. Realizing the truth, the other miniaturists attack the murderer. Pressing a knife to the murderer’s throat, Black tries to get the murderer to reveal the location of the final image. He refuses to talk. Finally, Black reveals Bihzad’s needle and threatens to blind the murderer if he doesn’t tell them the picture’s location. The murderer tells them that blindness won’t matter as eventually the European style will overtake the Eastern style and they will become unnecessary. In anger, Black blinds the murderer.
The murderer finally talks, explaining how he killed Elegant. He refuses, though, to confess to murdering Enishte. Elegant’s murder, he insists, was justified, as Elegant not only believed the miniaturists were going to hell for painting heretical pictures, but also was greedy. The other miniaturists agree that they also would have killed Elegant. With tears, the murderer then admits to the murder of Enishte, noting that just before he killed Black’s uncle, he asked the older man if the murderer had an individual style.
Although the murderer begs to be set free to see the world before he goes completely blind, Black demands that he show them the final drawing. The murderer shows them the picture, in which he has replaced the face of the Sultan with his own face. The murderer admits that he wanted to be worshipped and understood as an individual, but now that he has created this idolatrous picture, he only feels isolated and lonely. He killed Elegant and Enishte in order to protect the workshop and its artists. The other miniaturists condemn the murderer, but he reminds them that “to God belongs the East and West” (400). Finally, in a scuffle, the murderer sticks his dagger into Black’s nostril. He tells Black that he will let him go if Black promises to take care of Shekure and her children. Black agrees, but the murderer still attempts to kill Black, barely missing his neck.
After kissing Butterfly, the murderer escapes and heads to the workshop. There, he encounters Hasan, who thinks that the murderer is one of Black’s companions who helped him retrieve Shekure. Hasan beheads the murderer, who continues to observe the world as he dies.
A severely injured Black returns to Shekure who cares for him and nurses his wounds. They learn from Esther that Olive was beheaded by Hasan and the pictures in his bag proved he was Enishte’s killer. Shekure then engages in oral sex with Black.
Black lives for 26 years after these events. While she and her sons are happy, Black remains sad, and his wounds never heal, although he finds work as a secretary for a pasha. Shekure attributes his sadness to possession by one of the jinn, which he tries to appease by drinking, taking an interest in art, and chasing pretty boys.
The Sultan dies four years after the story and his replacement is not interested in art. When the Queen of England sends the new sultan a clock, he shatters the gift with a mace. The Sultan also forbids the miniaturists to work on the books his predecessor commissioned. Islamic art ends and Enishte’s book is never completed.
Shekure confesses that she’s always wanted two pictures made—her portrait and “a picture of bliss” (412), depicting a mother with two children. Orhan tells her that such a picture is impossible and Shekure agrees, believing that happiness should be found in life rather than art. She concludes by explaining that she told this story to Orhan but that her son may have embellished the tale to make “a delightful and convincing story” (413).
In this final section of the novel, Black interrogates each of the three miniaturists, who more fully reveal their characters. Butterfly displays his swordsmanship to perform for his wife and admits that he loves Osman, despite the abusive way the master miniaturist has treated him. Butterfly aligns himself with Master Osman and the more traditional art style, even following Osman’s lead in believing that Stork is the murderer, despite all the clues pointing to Olive. In turn, Stork, who agrees that the horses’ nostrils implicate Olive in the murders, is shown as disorganized and violent. Yet, he assumes a leadership role and tells the group they must join forces against Olive. Finally, when Olive stalls his revelation by accusing the other miniaturists and crying, these actions highlight his duplicitous nature and inability to face his accusers. After Olive confesses to the two murders, Black threatens to blind him. While blinding has been depicted as a gift from Allah for miniaturists, Olive resists his blinding, showing that he is no longer part of the conservative tradition. Instead, his self-portrait in the book’s final illustration reveals his desire to emulate European masters.
The resolution of the murder mystery again undercuts the genre, dismissing the retributive justice that often ends detective stories. Olive’s death at the hands of Hasan is accidental, not punitive—Hasan has no idea who Olive is and thinks he is enacting vengeance on Black. However, Olive is punished in the afterlife, which, unlike that of Enishte, who met Allah and saw the world in vibrant colors, is described as “bitter and tedious” (405). Additionally, instead of existing in a state where time runs together and all events happen simultaneously, Olive is stuck in the same moment forever. These differences suggest that Olive is punished for his sins rather than rewarded for the murders he believed protected himself and his fellow miniaturists. Ironically, being stuck in time is how Olive perceived the tradition-bound miniatures advocated by Osman—he wanted to adopt European techniques to change Islamic art.
The novel’s ending combines realism with the metafiction implied by Nested Narrative Storytelling in the Islamic World. Rather than a happy ending promised by a romance plot, the novel delivers a more tempered epilogue to the story of Shekure and Black. They remain married, but Black is often melancholy and seeks solace in extramarital sex and intoxicants. Likewise, although the murderer has been discovered, this does not lead to a resurgence of art: The book Enishte hoped to complete remained unfinished, and the miniaturist tradition has died because it is no longer supported by the autocratic ruler. These details provide a realistic ending, showing that despite the fulfillment of desires and the completion of quests, life is unpredictable and the debates humans struggle with often remain unresolved. However, the novel does not solely exist in the realist mode. Rather, the inclusion of many interpolated tales that support or subvert its ideas adds a metafictional element, where readers are aware that they are interacting with an artifact created by a writer rather than being fully immersed in the world of the novel. Pamuk ends on a different kind of metafictional note, inserting a version of himself into the story as the character of Orhan, Shekure’s younger son, who has heard the story from his mother and now writes it down with some embellishments.
By Orhan Pamuk
Appearance Versus Reality
View Collection
Art
View Collection
Beauty
View Collection
Books About Art
View Collection
Globalization
View Collection
Guilt
View Collection
Middle Eastern Literature
View Collection
Nobel Laureates in Literature
View Collection
Pride & Shame
View Collection
Teams & Gangs
View Collection
The Future
View Collection
The Past
View Collection
Valentine's Day Reads: The Theme of Love
View Collection