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71 pages 2 hours read

Orhan Pamuk

My Name is Red

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1998

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Chapters 15-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary: “I Am Esther”

Esther explains that Black has lost his self-control due to his feelings for Shekure. Upon meeting Black, Esther tells him that Shekure is deeply in love with him. Black urges her to quickly deliver his note, but Esther instead delivers Black’s letter to Hasan. In his letter, Black tells Shekure that he understands her desire to wait for her husband. He also assures Shekure that he has found great pleasure in just seeing her face and that his love for her sustained him during his absence from Istanbul. Finally, he relates that he met Orhan and hopes to one day be his father.

Hasan is critical of Black’s writing, claiming that many of his lines are borrowed from famous writers. Hasan also has a letter for Shekure and asks Esther to deliver this missive too. Esther delivers both letters to Shekure, who seems pleased that Black is obsessed with her. After Shekure reads Black’s letter she asks after Hasan, questioning Esther about Hasan’s knowledge of Black. Esther lies, stating that Hasan doesn’t know of Black’s return. Esther does, though, inform Shekure of Hasan’s desire to marry her. Shekure confesses her confusion and asks Esther which man she should marry. Esther tells Shekure to listen to her own heart and assures the younger woman that no misfortune will befall her.

Chapter 16 Summary: “I, Shekure”

Shekure admits that she used to fantasize about a man falling in love with her and writing her a beautiful letter, but now she is just confused. She reads Hasan’s love letter, noting that she is afraid of him and remembering his attempt to rape her. When Orhan enters, Shekure puts away the letters and asks the boy if he wants a father, but the boy tells her he wants to marry her himself.

She goes to see her father, who expresses his worry over Elegant’s murder. Shekure informs Enishte that she needs to marry again soon. Enishte counters that she is still married, but Shekure is sure her husband is dead, claiming that she dreamed of his death the night before. Enishte reminds her that her in-laws would fight a divorce petition and that a judge would need greater proof of her husband’s demise. Plus, if Shekure married again, Enishte would want a son in law who wouldn’t take her far away; her remarriage requires his approval. Shekure thinks about telling Enishte she knows he sleeps with the enslaved young woman Hayriye, but refrains. When Enishte finally asks Shekure whom she wants to wed, Shekure is silent. Later, in her room, Shekure cries.

Chapter 17 Summary: “I Am Your Beloved Uncle”

Dressed warmly, Enishte goes to Elegant’s funeral. There, seeing the other miniaturists, Enishte remembers that Stork often criticized Elegant’s work. When Olive hugs him, Enishte judges him as a morally good man; he notes that Olive is the miniaturist who most believes in the secret book. Enishte also encounters Master Osman, who is upset by the Western art he’s been forced to produce for the Sultan and blames Enishte for his need to imitate Venetian artists. When Black embraces Enishte, Enishte realizes that Black is the one Shekure is considering as a husband. Enishte wonders if Black would consider living in their home if he wed Shekure.

As Enishte walks with the funeral procession, he encounters Butterfly, who assures the older man that Olive and Stork “are the ones behind this vulgarity” (93) and that they would use their knowledge of Butterfly’s poor relationship with Elegant for their own ends. Enishte tells Butterfly he doesn’t believe any of the miniaturists are guilty of Elegant’s murder. However, he realizes that the murderer is likely a member of the workshop, so he tells Butterfly that he’s decided to stop working on the secret book as the Sultan has stopped funding the project.

When Elegant’s smashed skull is revealed to the crowd, Enishte suddenly remembers a trip he took to Venice 30 years earlier. Assigned to tell the Venetian authorities that the Ottomans had issued a fatwa and intended to take Cyprus, Enishte toured Venice and marveled at its artwork. However, a group of Venetians sought to kill Enishte, so he was forced to hide in the Doge’s palazzo. This was the closest Enishte had been to death. Fearful of his mortality in the present, Enishte asks Black to take him back home and decides to finish the Sultan’s secret book no matter the cost.

Chapter 18 Summary: “I Will Be Called a Murderer”

Also present at Elegant’s funeral, the murderer weeps more than the other mourners, but moderates his grief after realizing that “the workshop gossips might suppose that Elegant Effendi and I had been in love” (96). The murderer thinks back to his early days in the workshop when Master Osman gave him and the other apprentices their nicknames. He recalls that although Master Osman beat the boys, he also encouraged their talents and showed them love.

The murderer confesses his nature has become divided since the killing. He’s adopted a second voice to use when thinking of himself as a murderer and he keeps this voice out of his regular life. He also admits that he doesn’t want the reader to know his identity for he fears being turned over to the Sultan’s torturers.

Although he and Elegant were once close friends, the murderer ceased their relationship after Elegant joined a conservative Muslim group. The murderer notes that he doesn’t mind that Enishte has decided to stop all work on the secret book. The murderer suspects that Enishte is working to figure out who killed Elegant. He watches Black and Enishte as they board a boat and follows them, contemplating how easy it is to kill another human being.

Chapter 19 Summary: “I Am a Gold Coin”

The narrator of this chapter, a 22-carat gold coin drawn by Stork, notes that it can be exchanged for several things, including the foot of an enslaved girl, 120 fresh loaves of bread, one-tenth of a horse, and one hour with a beautiful boy sex worker. The coin has spent time inside the sock of a shoe-maker’s apprentice and has a secret—it is not a genuine 22-carat coin, but instead a counterfeit made in Venice with adulterated gold.

For years, counterfeit coins have appeared in Istanbul, causing people to bite the coins to ascertain their genuineness. The coin finds it strange that the Venetians, who are famed for their realistic paintings, make fake coins. The coin itself traveled from Venice to Istanbul and was given to a gullible peasant in exchange for a real coin. Since then, the coin has spent most of its time in Istanbul; during the last 7 years, it has “changed hands over 560 times” (105). The coin contends that nearly all people love money, despite their claims to the contrary. The coin then relates the various people it has belonged to and the places it has gone, from a secret pocket in a chef’s sack to a wheel of kashari cheese. In the end, though, the coin entered the purse of Stork, whom it considers the greatest miniaturist in Istanbul.

Chapters 15-19 Analysis

This section continues the novel’s examination of Women's Agency in the Early Modern Ottoman World. The narrative’s most empowered woman character is Esther, who serves as an intermediary between Shekure and the men pursuing her. By delivering letters not only to Black and Shekure but also Hasan, Esther wields influence over the hapless Shekure, and indirectly, over the romantic hopes of both Black and Hasan. Esther’s attempts to help Shekure find the right man prove her untrustworthiness as an adviser. Her motivations, beyond matchmaking, are obscured by her interior judgments, which often belie the comments she makes to Shekure. For instance, Esther deems Black childish and overly romantic, but often speaks highly of his love to Shekure. In contrast, Shekure has little ability to determine the direction of her life. As a result, she is much more aware of the different cultural expectations for men and women. She tests her father, bringing up the idea of her remarriage in order to gauge his reaction and finds him reticent to agree to her marrying again—a conversation that reveals that even as a widow, she would not be able to wed without his permission. Finally, we see a woman with the least amount of standing: the enslaved servant Hayriye, who is in a sexual relationship with Enishte. The large power differential between them has several dimensions, including enslaved person and enslaver, and much older man and young woman. While it is clear that the public revelation of the relationship would bring Enishte some opprobrium, it is also clear that Enishte would be censured much more mildly than a woman in a similar position—further evidence of different gender-based strictures in this society.

The motif of falseness or duality occurs in this section in several different ways. First, Enishte sees himself as capable of intuitively understanding others. For example, during the funeral of Elegant, he immediately detects Black and Shekure’s blossoming romance from Black’s over-enthusiastic greeting. However, Enishte’s perception is actually flawed—he makes a key mistake by telling the artists that he has decided to stop working on the Sultan’s book. A more overt double is the murderer, whose consciousness has been split after he killed Elegant. At the funeral, the murderer plays the role of a sincere mourner, genuinely grieving the death despite his lack of contrition for the murder. At the same time, the murderer explains his reasoning for killing Elegant—he has a more progressive understanding of the artist’s role than Elegant’s, who saw their work for the Sultan as heresy. Finally, the counterfeit coin offers the most obvious version of falseness, highlighting the sham nature of the murderer. Just as the murderer mourns at the funeral while feeling no remorse for killing his friend, so too does the coin present itself initially as genuine and then confesses to being fake.

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