22 pages • 44 minutes read
Octavio PazA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The first-person narrator is a man who falls in love with a wave while visiting the sea. He lives in an apartment in Mexico City but otherwise does not describe himself or his life. He is initially pragmatic about the possibility of a relationship with the wave; he does not believe a life in the city for her is possible but gives in to her cries and threats. This initial dynamic sets the tone for the rest of their relationship. When he is accused of poisoning the drinking water on the train, he cannot defend himself and is sentenced to time in prison because no one believes his story. The narrator’s perspective blurs the lines between reality and fiction in this surreal world; the wave and their relationship are very real to the narrator but merely a fantasy to others.
The wave changes the narrator’s life: She first fills it with endless light and play, and their passionate intimacy is magical, always transforming the pair and the home around them. He is aware that this love is all-consuming, and even though he will never genuinely understand her, he allows himself to be “smothered” by her. Their relationship becomes unhealthy: Their mutual passion outweighs the wave’s drastic mood swings and violent outbursts, which he tries to pacify with gifts and other lovers (the colony of fish), at the cost of his own happiness. The narrator never blames the wave for his misfortunes and remains convinced that he alone can fix their problems, even when she turns violent—characteristic of victims of abuse. She almost kills him for attacking the fish he has become jealous of, which makes him “fear and hate her” (32). Still, he lets her stay, but he spends increasing amounts of time away from home to avoid her outbursts and finally flees to the mountains for a month. The time away allows him to decide to end the relationship, but when he returns, she has frozen into a statue. At this point, the narrator has lost all feeling towards her and indifferently sells the ice to a waiter.
The wave is personified as a woman in love with the narrator of the story. On first sight, the narrator describes her as “tall and light” with “floating skirts” (27). She impulsively leaves behind her life in the sea to embark on a foreign life in the city. The physical power the wave possesses matches the emotional intensity with which she loves the narrator and changes his life. As time goes on and the newness of the relationship wears off, she becomes volatile, unpredictable, inconsolable, and even violent. Dissatisfied with the narrator, she focuses her attention on the fish he has gifted her to keep her company, which only further exacerbates his jealousy. After almost drowning him, the wave continues to lash out emotionally and destroy the narrator’s apartment, causing him to flee to the mountains. While he is away, she freezes into a statue of ice—she remains beautiful, but she has lost all feeling and life. Apathetically, the narrator sells her to a waiter to chop her up for a restaurant, rendering her into a purely inanimate object.
The wave as a character is complex; in her vivid personification, Paz stereotypes women as erratic, overly emotional, and unable to be pleased. The narrator believes she has no “center,” “just an emptiness” (31), which he will never be able to reach. This characteristic sets her apart from “mortal women,” and the narrator suggests it is her biggest flaw. At the end of the story, Paz literally objectifies her, transforming her into a piece of soulless ice that can be sold and consumed. He also makes the unusual choice to focus on the woman as the abuser, which is rare for stories of domestic violence in a cisgender, heterosexual couple focus on the woman. However, because the story is told from the narrator’s perspective, readers only understand the wave’s emotions and experiences through his eyes, never her own.
The narrator gifts the wave a school of fish in an attempt to console her and help her feelings of isolation. He jealously watches them “swimming in my friend, caressing her breasts, sleeping between her legs, adorning her hair with little flashes of color” (31). The narrator understands these fish as the wave’s new lovers, whom she “shamelessly” shows a preference for. The narrator characterizes the fish as “repulsive,” “ferocious,” “horrible creatures” that only further threaten his relationship with the wave. The narrator’s jealousy becomes so unbearable that he finally tries to attack the fish, but they slip away from him while the wave tries to drown him. As his relationship with the wave continues to deteriorate, the fish remain a constant presence in his home until he finally flees to the mountains.
By Octavio Paz