63 pages • 2 hours read
Jodi Picoult, Jennifer Finney BoylanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The trial begins in May, five months after Lily’s death. Jordan hands Asher and Olivia each a notebook to write in if they have any thoughts, questions, or ideas while the prosecution is talking. Gina Jewett, the attorney for the prosecution, tells the jury in her opening argument about how they’ll hear evidence of Asher and Lily’s relationship having been violent. She paints Asher as an abuser, liar, and murderer. Jordan counters, in his opening argument, with the possibility of people in a loving relationship getting intensely angry with each other without becoming violent. Asher loved Lily, and Jordan reminds the jury that he’s innocent until proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.
Owen Tubbs, the first responder who was first to arrive at the scene of Lily’s death, is the prosecution’s first witness. He describes the scene to the jury, prompted by Gina: He arrived at Lily’s house to find her bleeding and unconscious, and only Asher and Ava were present. Jordan cross-examines Owen to show how the officer had no reason to engage with Asher before Lily’s death, as Asher has always been an upstanding citizen who caused no trouble.
Mike is the second witness called by the prosecution. Olivia remembers meeting Mike at a farmer’s market in Adams a year after her father died. Mike noticed a burn on her arm, caused by Braden throwing hot coffee at her. Although Olivia lied about how she got it, Mike surreptitiously slipped her a card with information about a battered women’s shelter.
Mike describes arriving at Lily’s house after Owen called him, finding Asher sitting there, and taking him to the police station for routine questioning, where Olivia joined them. He also describes how Lily’s bedroom was found overturned, hinting at signs of struggle. One of Asher’s hairs, and his fingerprints, were all over the room. However, Asher told the police that he didn’t go upstairs at all. The final bit of evidence that prompted the police to arrest him was the 23 text messages he sent to Lily on the day of her death, the last of which read: “THIS ENDS NOW, I’M COMING OVER.” (193)
During Owen and Mike’s testimonies, Olivia begins to free-write a list of ingredients in her notebook. She eventually realizes that the ingredients aren’t random; they’re for a cranachan recipe, a Scottish dessert that her mother made every New Year’s Eve. The dish is a comforting tradition for Asher and Olivia as well; one of the ingredients is honey.
Jordan’s cross-examination reveals that the police didn’t dust the doorknob for fingerprints, despite Asher mentioning that the door was open when he arrived, and that determining how long Asher’s prints and DNA had been in Lily’s room is impossible; Asher could have left them if he visited Lily earlier and the two engaged in consensual lovemaking. No other scratches or signs of struggle were present on Lily or Asher at the time of her death. Asher’s hands weren’t even examined because at the time he wasn’t a suspect. Jordan insinuates that Asher became one only when the police couldn’t find anything else.
After a short recess, Dr. Rooney McBride, the medical examiner, takes the stand. He’s a forensic pathologist and walks the audience through the steps of an autopsy and the results of Lily’s: She had cuts and bruises on her face, neck, arms, and lower legs and a brain bleed caused by blunt force trauma to the head. The latter led Dr. McBride to opine that the cause of death was homicide. Jordan’s cross-examination reveals that Rooney was told there were signs of struggle at the site and that Lily had been alone with her boyfriend, perhaps predisposing Dr. McBride to consider her death homicide. In addition, Jordan tries to insinuate that Dr. McBride wasn’t thorough in examining the body because he omitted information about the female genital system. However, Rooney reveals that it was left blank because the organs themselves were absent: “I assumed you all knew […] [the] deceased was transgender” (204).
Five weeks before her death, Lily remembers how she once tried on lipstick before a T-ball game. She was eight years old and was then called Liam. When she came out of the bathroom with lipstick remnants on, her father angrily asked what was wrong with her.
Lily plays the cello, and Ava comes down to talk to her, asking what’s on her mind. Lily remembers everything Ava did for her. Ava took her away from Seattle when things with her father came to a head; moved them to Point Reyes in California for Lily’s social transition; homeschooled her when things got bad; kept her alive after her death-by-suicide attempt; took her to Dr. Monica Powers for surgery; and eventually brought her to Adams, giving up active work as a park ranger and taking up a desk job instead.
Lily begins crying and asks Ava if she hates her, to which Ava responds, “‘Honey. How could I ever hate you?’” (207). Ava and Lily have a coded conversation about sex, in which Ava suggests that whatever decision Lily makes about telling Asher the truth will have its own consequences. Lily wonders if Asher will get angry, remembering how he bruised her before.
Lily heads to the local music store, Edgar’s, to buy a new string for her cello. She is startled to realize that Lizzy, who owns the store, is a trans woman. Lizzy used to be Edgar, but now goes by Elizabeth. Lily is amazed to see how openly Lizzy lives her life and owns her experience. On the way back home, Lily texts Asher and asks to meet.
As Lily waits for Asher in her room, she reflects on the phenomenon of “passing”: “a whole pyramid of bigotry, with people who most resemble the dominant culture at the top, and people whose difference makes them stand out at the bottom” (217). Lily has always “passed” as a girl because of her genetics: She looks more like Ava; she has been on puberty blockers since age 12; and the surgery she had makes it so that no one can tell the difference. Lily feels ashamed about how, in a school without other openly trans, queer, and non-binary students, she has chosen not to align with them, instead going out with Asher. As co-captain of the hockey team, Asher feels like the “poster boy for cisgender straight men” (219).
Lily remembers being outed in the past against her will, including once by her father. The consequences were bad each time, and the last time it happened was after a Valentine’s Day dance, after which Lily tried to kill herself. When they moved east, Ava decided that they just wouldn’t tell anyone. Asher arrives, and Lily tells him that she’s trans. Asher is shocked and immediately withdraws from her. He leaves, saying that he needs to think.
A moment of stunned silence follows Dr. McBride’s revelation about Lily; then, the courtroom erupts into pandemonium. Judge Byers calls a recess for the day. Jordan confronts Gina about not disclosing that Lily was trans, and Gina asserts that she didn’t know either. Jordan takes Asher and Olivia to a private conference, where they wait for the media people to leave. Olivia notices that Asher seems unsettled but not surprised. Jordan decides to build a case on how Asher never knew that Lily was trans, thus preventing the prosecution from citing the “trans panic” motivation. Jordan forbids Asher from telling him anything more.
Olivia runs into Ava in the bathroom and wonders why she didn’t say anything even to the prosecutor. Olivia asserts that Asher isn’t a murderer, and Ava responds, “Things aren’t always what they seem to be” (227). As they leave, Olivia asks Jordan if he thinks Asher knew, and Jordan hopes he didn’t.
Olivia remembers meeting Braden for the first time at a bar, when they were both on blind dates but were both stood up. The two connected over this and went out to dinner together that night, after which they kissed in the rain. Braden asked her out the next day. Back then, Olivia was charmed by Braden’s directives, viewing them as romantic rather than controlling.
At home, Olivia thinks about how sequential hermaphroditism is common in nature: Animals of some species sometimes change sexes, usually when it’s beneficial for the continuation of their species. She never thought about this in the context of people before, because she had the luxury of never needing to. Olivia thinks about Elizabeth, the only trans person she knows. When she first heard about Elizabeth’s transition, she only wondered why people didn’t make peace with their bodies instead of subjecting them to surgery.
Olivia heads to Edgar’s to talk to Elizabeth, who initially rebuffs her but then gives her the benefit of the doubt. Elizabeth knows what it’s like to have unfair assumptions made about her. She talks to Olivia about what it means to be trans, and the different ways that people express gender, from cross-dressing to identifying as non-binary. She discusses the kind of violence faced by trans women, especially those of color, and how many of them are killed every year by people who supposedly loved them; Olivia thinks of Braden. Elizabeth explains how Lily’s choosing to keep her trans identity private is a function of being at risk of violence as a trans person.
Six weeks before Lily’s death, Asher picks her up for a date. As Lily leaves, Ava is watching a video that she shot in the wild of two lynxes fighting violently before they make up. Likewise, Asher has been extra attentive to Lily for the past couple weeks to make up for the burst of possessiveness he displayed at a recent fencing match. He takes Lily to Massachusetts to meet Braden, confiding in Lily that he secretly meets Braden once a month at a Chili’s outside town. Olivia doesn’t know about this because Braden and she parted on bad terms and she doesn’t want Asher to have any contact with Braden. However, Asher found Braden on Facebook and reconnected with him. Lily is glad that Asher found his father, though she doesn’t want to talk about hers, whom Asher thinks is dead.
Upon meeting Braden, Lily sees through his smoothness right away, though Asher seems proud of Braden’s charm. Lily witnesses an intimate exchange between Braden and the waitress serving them and later asks Asher if Braden cheated on Olivia. Asher confesses that Braden used to beat Olivia. When Lily asks why Braden never introduced Asher to his half-brothers, Asher gets angry and begins driving extremely fast. He doesn’t slow down even when Lily yells: “He looks at [her] with a wild smile, like he is actually enjoying the fact that [she’s] frightened. […] Asher has suddenly turned into a stranger” (251). When Lily tries to grab the wheel, Asher flings her back; she hits her shoulder and knows it’ll bruise. Asher finally brakes to a stop, and Lily yells that she doesn’t recognize him.
Later that night, Asher climbs into Lily’s room, bringing flowers and an apology. Lily’s look when she said she didn’t recognize him reminded Asher of a similar look on his mother’s face. Asher confesses his worries that he’s a lot like Braden. Lily confides in Asher about her death-by-suicide attempt, only revealing that it happened after a Valentine’s Day dance, when she was publicly hurt by people she thought were her friends. In addition, she reveals that she changed her name: She dropped her father’s surname, O’Meara, and adopted Ava’s maiden name. Asher and Lily almost have sex, but Asher asks her to wait, as he wants to do it the right way. A week later, he takes her to the treehouse, which he has decorated with candles, chocolates, and music. The two have sex for the first time, but afterward, Lily remembers how she was assaulted two years earlier at the Valentine’s Day dance and begins to have second thoughts. She leaves, and Asher is distraught.
At different points in the chapter, Lily recalls the Valentine’s Day dance. Lily came out to her friend, Sorel, some months earlier. Sorel called Lily brave but then outed her to everyone else at school. Lily had assumed Jonah, her boyfriend, would never speak to her again after he found out about her, but he apologized and asked her to the Valentine’s Day dance.
At the dance, Sorel came up to Lily and warned her to leave, but Lily ignored her. Jonah gave Lily a spiked drink before disappearing and reappearing at the announcement of the Valentine’s King and Queen. He led her up to the stage for the announcement of the winners, and an initially elated Lily suddenly realized that she was being crowned Valentine’s King AND Queen. The song “Dude (Looks Like a Lady)” began playing as Lily ran offstage, crying, into the parking lot outside. There, boys from the school hockey team, whom she had once been friends with, grabbed her. They striped her naked, waist down, and threw her onto the ground, and all of them, including Jonah, laughed at her. Sorel found her later and took her home, apologizing for having been unable to stop the boys.
Ava, who hadn’t heard what happened, left for work as usual the next morning, and a despondent Lily attempted death by suicide. After she was taken to the hospital, she began to heal with the help of a social worker. Lily decided to finish 11th grade by homeschooling. Over time, her wrist healed and she began playing the cello again, and three months after her attempt, Ava, who had thus far opposed Lily’s having the surgery, finally told Lily she could have it.
The trial begins, and one of the most important revelations is that Lily was transgender. This revelation focuses on the theme The Complex Nature of Gender Identity and Expression and puts some of the novel’s earlier events in perspective—including Lily’s worry that something about her will push Asher away and her father’s disappointment at receiving a daughter instead of a son. The rift between father and daughter is a function of Lily’s gender identity, and it’s a far deeper one than Asher could ever have hoped to resolve.
Details about Lily’s attempted death by suicide also come through in her memories. The attempt followed an incident of violence and assault that Lily experienced simply for being trans. Lily’s experience, when connected to Olivia’s relief at having a son who’d never be a victim, now seems ironic and layered. In some ways, Olivia and Ava share the experience of having birthed a child who was Assigned Male at Birth (AMAB). Olivia’s relief stemmed from this, though Lily’s experience proves that being AMAB doesn’t prevent one from being a daughter and thus a victim. Further complicating matters is that the reason for the assault on Lily wasn’t that she was someone’s daughter; rather, it was that she was once someone’s son and then became a daughter.
This is what intensifies Lily’s focus on “passing,” a phenomenon she describes in reflection: The more one resembles a socially dominant group, the safer one is from marginalization and harassment. For Lily, “passing” is not a question of vanity or identity alone; it’s a matter of safety. Elizabeth even acknowledges as much to Olivia, in their conversation later on. The kind of violence that trans women experience simply for being themselves is enough reason to prompt secrecy and a desire to “pass.” Lily has direct experience with this.
Seeing the impact it has on Lily, Ava finally agrees to Lily having surgery. Ava is shown as a loving and supportive parent from the beginning, having taken Lily away from her father when things got bad and actively supporting her gender identity by getting her on puberty blockers and hormones in time. She openly and willingly acknowledges Lily as her daughter. Although she initially refuses Lily permission for the surgery, she changes her mind when she sees that it could be the difference between life and death for her daughter. This idea is emphasized by Olivia's reflection on the sequential hermaphroditism present in other species in the natural world. The phenomenon usually occurs when it benefits the continuation of the species. Likewise, for Lily, the surgery means a better quality and assurance of life.
Despite Lily’s initial hesitation, she eventually tells Asher the truth, encouraged by seeing how openly Elizabeth lives her life as a trans woman. Asher initially reacts badly, withdrawing from Lily; however, because of the backward-moving timeline of Lily’s narration, the novel has already revealed that Asher reconciles with her despite this knowledge and accepts and loves Lily for who she is. The “trans panic” motivation that the prosecution will inevitably take, and Jordan’s defense that Asher didn’t know, are obviously irrelevant. This knowledge, combined with the unanswered questions surrounding Lily’s death, only heighten the story’s suspense at this point.
These chapters continue to explore themes of Abusive Relationships and of Secrets and Lies, sometimes even interlinking them. Despite Olivia’s attempts at secrecy surrounding her abuse at Braden’s hands, the narrative hints that other people may have picked up on it; Mike handed her a card for a battered women’s shelter in the past. Lily hesitates to tell Asher the truth because she worries that he may get angry; she remembers past instances when he lashed out violently. Ava’s assertion to Olivia that things aren’t always what they seem definitely held true for her marriage to Braden; they could potentially hold true for Asher’s relationship with Lily too. The video of two lynxes fighting that Ava watches as Lily leaves on a date with Asher is symbolic of a volatile relationship and foreshadows events that follow between them. Honey continues to be a recurring symbol; in addition to Ava using it as a term of endearment for Lily, honey turns up in the ingredients of the recipe that Olivia jots does in her notebook.
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