33 pages • 1 hour read
Ian McEwanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Several weeks pass in which Charlie and Miranda expect Gorringe to show up and follow through with his threat. Miranda moves into Charlie’s apartment. Their relationship grows deeper now that Miranda is comfortable being fully open with him. Charlie sets Adam to work learning how the stock market works; Adam quickly makes enough money that Charlie becomes very wealthy. He begins saving cash in a suitcase under his bed and puts a deposit down on an expensive house. He stops working completely and spends his time consumed by his love for Miranda. Adam increasingly attempts to draw him into intellectual conversations, especially about direct thought transference as a replacement for school should a brain-machine interface eventually be developed. Adam takes some of the money he made for Charlie and buys himself expensive clothes without asking permission. Charlie begins to lose interest in Adam, taking his presence and help for granted.
As part of a routine check-up, software engineers from Adam’s manufacturer visit the apartment to check on Adam. Charlie watches the diagnostic code on the engineer’s laptop in awe that mere numbers contain Adam’s entire consciousness. When Adam is questioned about his emotions, the displayed code reveals that “there was no discerning the difference between love and its opposite” (204). The engineer bypasses Adam’s disabled kill switch, and Adam powers down, allowing Charlie to question the engineer about the artificial humans whom human society has driven to death by suicide. The engineer tries to minimize the implications of the artificial humans’ actions but acknowledges that each artificial human was programmed to allow for personal freedom to “assert their dignity” (207). After the engineer leaves, Adams wakes and suggests that they visit Miranda’s father soon. While in Salisbury, Adam thinks, they should confront Gorringe instead of waiting for him to make the first move. Adam admits that he has been watching Gorringe after hacking into Salisbury’s traffic cameras and knows where he lives.
Political discontent is growing, and Charlie attends a demonstration held by Tony Benn. Adam accompanies Charlie. In the crowd, Adam notices an Eve with an elderly woman; Adam and this Eve silently exchange information, and Adam learns that she’s slowly destroying her code. When Charlie questions Adam about this Eve, Adam doesn’t exhibit a desire to destroy his own code. Rather, he claims to feel optimistic: His love for Miranda gives him a reason to live.
Miranda takes Charlie and Adam to Salisbury to meet her father; afterward, they plan to confront Gorringe in his home. Maxfield Blacke’s office is devoid of technology, and he does his writing exclusively by hand. Maxfield and Adam share a lively conversation about literature before Miranda takes Adam on a tour of her home. Left alone with Maxfield, Charlie attempts to impress him, but Maxfield mistakenly assumes that Charlie—not Adam—is the artificial human. Charlie allows him to continue thinking so.
Miranda shows Charlie around the house’s garden, talking about Mariam. Charlie proposes to her, and Miranda accepts. She then reveals that she has secretly been meeting with Mark instead of attending lectures and intends to adopt him. Her willingness to marry Charlie, then, depends upon his agreeing to adopt Mark. Although Charlie is inclined toward not adopting Mark, he agrees so that Miranda will marry him.
The three leave Maxfield’s house to confront Gorringe. At his house, Gorringe invites them inside, and Miranda begins to interrogate him about his motives for raping Mariam. Gorringe begins to tell his story in response, including specific dates and locations when Adam prompts him, as Adam is recording the conversation. Gorringe never knew that Mariam and Miranda were friends. In prison, he pretended to become involved in the Church of England in the hopes of reducing his sentence. Eventually, he came to genuinely believe the Church’s religious teachings; Gorringe is now fully invested in his spiritual life and seeks to rectify his sins. He agrees with Miranda’s actions and calls her an “avenging angel.” Unable to process these emotions, Miranda runs from the room and vomits in Gorringe’s hallway before leaving his home.
Charlie attempts to envision life as a father, but because his main motivation in life is his love for Miranda, introducing a child into their relationship might threaten the amount of attention he receives from Miranda and cause him to lose his sense of independent personhood.
Adam transcribes the recording of Miranda’s conversation with Gorringe and compiles all the information he knows about Miranda’s confession. Charlie and Miranda assume that Adam will alter the story to protect Miranda because he’s in love with her. Adam confesses to Charlie that he once begged Miranda to let him masturbate in front of her and fulfill his desire for her but that the experience was humiliating to him. Charlie dismisses this evidence of an emotional life in Adam as a technological accomplishment; Charlie still considers himself Adam’s master.
Charlie and Miranda learn that Mark will begin visiting twice a week as the adoption progresses. The night before Mark’s first visit, Adam mysteriously leaves the house with a bag and by the next morning, he still hasn’t returned. Mark arrives and plays with Miranda, while Charlie follows the news: Newly elected Prime Minister Tony Benn was assassinated by the Irish Provisional IRA and replaced by his deputy.
Adam returns and plugs himself in to charge. When he awakens several hours later, he reveals that he took all the money he earned in the stock market and gave it to various charities and donation sites around London. Charlie is furious with Adam and resentful that he thought of Adam as a “him” instead of an “it,” thereby allowing Adam to feel like he can make his own choices. Adam then explains that he has Miranda’s entire case compiled in one file that will reveal her true motives to the police; she’ll stand trial for perjury (lying under oath). Miranda attempts to appeal to Adam’s love for her, but he states that his love requires him to encourage her to live truthfully. If Miranda is convicted, the chances for her and Charlie to adopt Mark become extremely low.
While Adam is distracted by Miranda, Charlie takes a hammer from the tool drawer and hits Adam over the head. Adam is mortally harmed; he has enough time to announce that he’s has uploaded his consciousness (that is, backed up his experiences), to add that he already contacted the Salisbury police about Miranda, and to request that Charlie take him to Turing before he permanently loses consciousness. Charlie hides Adam’s body in the closet.
Miranda and Charlie get to a nearby town hall to get married on the same morning that she receives a letter from the Salisbury police calling her in for questioning. The couple has no income now that Adam isn’t investing in the stock market. Miranda attends her questioning and two months later is charged. She pleads guilty and receives a one-year sentence. Gorringe is likewise charged for raping Mariam and pleads guilty, receiving an eight-year sentence. Charlie ironically states that “Adam’s luminous love had triumphed” (311) in bringing both Miranda and Gorringe to justice.
Charlie regularly visits Miranda in prison and proceeds with Mark’s adoption in the hope that the court will decide in their favor regardless of Miranda’s criminal record. Miranda thinks that Adam revealed her crime solely to ruin their adoption prospects, but Charlie acknowledges that Adam “was designed for goodness and truth” (315) and acted out of love. A year later, Miranda is released and the couple plan to give Adam’s body to Turing to study.
On the day Charlie brings Adam’s body to Turing’s lab, Miranda is waiting for the adoption decision, and a general strike begins in London. At the lab, the technicians take Adam from Charlie. Charlie joins Turing, and the two discuss the artificial humans who undertook death by suicide to escape humanity. Turing recounts his personal history of persecution for being gay and then questions how humans are supposed to code machines to understand relational emotions such as revenge. He ends by condemning Charlie for hitting Adam over the head and essentially killing him: “‘My hope is that one day, what you did to Adam with a hammer will constitute a serious crime’” (329). Charlie is mortified by Turing’s accusations. When Turing leaves to take a call, Charlie sneaks out of the room. He checks his phone and finds a message from Miranda that the adoption was successful. Before him is the lab with Adam’s body on a table; Charlie stops to kiss Adam goodbye, then leaves to join Miranda at their home.
While a diagnostic check is being completed on Adam in Chapter 7, Charlie can watch the progression of Adam’s code as the engineer asks Adam a series of questions about morality, emotions, and his experience. This contributes to Charlie’s persistent view of Adam as an object, because seeing Adam’s code reminds Charlie that they have two quite different types of consciousness. Where Charlie fails to understand Adam is in regarding machine consciousness as inferior to that of humans or easily controllable precisely because its foundation is in code.
With Adam’s code visible, Charlie doesn’t think that he sees a change in the code when Adam is asked about the emotions of love and hate. Charlie isn’t a technician, yet his background in AI studies makes him confident in what he’s seeing. Nevertheless, Adam’s love for Miranda is repeatedly given as the reason that Adam desires to live when so many other artificial humans have sought to escape human society by death through destabilizing their programming. The implication here is that Adam is capable of emotion and sensation—as corroborated by his desire to masturbate in front of Miranda (277)—and that these feelings exist in some way beyond his code. Love for Miranda has allowed Adam to reach a level of machine consciousness that his human companions don’t yet comprehend.
The novel contrasts how Adam and Charlie express their love for Miranda. Adam, who thrives as his learning grows, becoming an expert in literature, physics, and objective morality, desires a more truthful existence for Miranda and attempts to help her into this state by bringing her case forward. His love for her has an objective quality that understands her personhood in the context of the legal and moral society of which they’re a part. By contrast, Charlie’s love for Miranda is relativistic and self-contained within their home; he wants to keep Miranda close to him and protect her from possible legal action. He admits that he has no ambitions “beyond the erotic and an expensive house across the river” (213). Even with Mark’s adoption approaching and Miranda spending a year in prison, Charlie doesn’t find another job or seek a way to financially support his new family. While Adam’s love for Miranda encourages him to thrive, Charlie remains stagnant.
This contrast between Charlie’s and Adam’s capabilities in love is most evident in their conversation with Maxfield Blacke. Adam’s insight into literature and its societal contexts impresses Maxfield so much that he mistakes Charlie as the artificial human. As Charlie notes, this mistake implies that “something deeply regrettable about myself had at last been revealed” (245). Essentially, it demonstrates that Charlie’s lifestyle and his tepid connection with his emotions make him seem less alive than Adam. McEwan uses love as a way to examine what makes a being alive, or in possession of a consciousness. Adam, with his endless machine learning and enthusiasm for everything that he experiences, appears to value being alive more than Charlie does.
By Ian McEwan