46 pages • 1 hour read
Jessica KnollA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The key to Ani Fanelli’s character is her studied attempt across more than a decade to avoid establishing a consistent, readable character. This pliant and negotiated sense of identities, which she calls “reinvention,” is in turn suggested by the plethora of names, more like aliases, she goes by with chameleon ease. The impact of two traumas, the gangrape and then, weeks later, the school shooting in which she kills her only friend, lead her to a pattern of reinventing herself, of eluding definition, and of being what others want her to be.
For Ani, character is a flexible, malleable thing. She is able to play the confident, empowered woman at the workplace, ironically known for writing confident advice columns designed to inspire women of her age to assert the integrity of their identity. With her handsome and successful fiancé, she plays the dutiful wife-to-be even though she chafes against his blithe and decidedly outdated assumptions that marriage means kowtowing to his career and providing him with heirs. With Andrew, she hints at the genuine impact her rape and the shootings had on her before turning on him and unleashing a tirade of hurtful accusations that rightfully dismiss his interest in her well-being. At Bradley, fresh from her expulsion from a Catholic school (where, given her provocative and very adult body, she willingly played ringleader for a bunch of goodie-two-shoe girls who wanted to smoke pot), she all too quickly becomes the good-time party girl, exactly what Dean and his crew want her to be. With Arthur, she plays the surly emo outcast.
Only after the documentary filming, however, when Dean admits the depth of his lies and vindicates her, can she at last move to escape the prison of her doomed engagement and assert her own identity. She ends the novel empowered—alone, yes, but at last able to declare who she is.
Luke Harrison, Ani’s wealthy fiancé, is at once exactly what she wants and the last thing that she needs. Her self-defined life plan, formulated during a field trip to New York in her junior year of high school, is simple: to be one of those successful women she watches walking the sidewalks of Manhattan, “busy, important” women who go to “cocktail parties and sessions with a personal trainer” (288). With his athletic frame and good looks, Luke, Ivy League educated, a wunderkind on Wall Street, scion of a wealthy family, fits perfectly that life narrative. There is, she decides, “protection in success” (288). Even as she nears their picture-perfect wedding, Ani has doubts: “I’m the blade that nicks at the perfectly hemmed seams of Luke’s star quarterback life, threatening to shred it apart” (8). Healing from the trauma of her experiences requires more than the superficial trappings of Luke’s wealth and that privileged lifestyle. After all, Luke, the ex-jock, indirectly sides with the jocks who attacked Ani, dismissing the rape with air quotes, the antics of a wild party that got out of hand. Luke believes Ani should let those memories go in favor of assuming the duties of his wife, following him to London and providing him, and his blue blood family, a new generation. Moving on, for him, means no longer dwelling on the past.
His treatment of the photograph of Arthur and his father, precious to Ani, reveals what the increasing friction over the wedding planning hints: his gross insensitivity, his brutish disregard for her emotional health, his elitist willingness to lie to avoid unpleasantness, and ultimately his deep-seated selfishness and his preoccupation with his ego. Ani is the luckiest girl alive only when she leaves the reception dinner free of Luke. In the end Luke is the one mistake Ani does not make.
Arthur is a misfit at the Bradley School and Ani’s only friend there. He becomes one of the two school shooters who terrorizes the school until Ani stabs him to death. In the aftermath of the shootings, everybody thinks they understand Arthur Finnerman. The national media, the forensic psychologist brought in by police, social media posts, and the friends and families of the victims and the survivors are quick to pigeonhole the shooter. What quickly emerges is the cliché school shooter: Arthur was a loner, an only child, estranged from his father, smothered by his mother, a social misfit, overweight and acne-scarred, effeminate, and bullied by the in-crowd, until he reached a breaking point. In this reading, Arthur is little more than a two-dimensional caricature, a fledgling psychopath who came to the school with a grudge and a hit list.
Ani’s account, however, interrogates this caricature, and in the process, Arthur Finnerman emerges as a complex character, intelligent beyond his years, well-read, charismatic, emotional, caring (his mother recalls Arthur’s devastation over the death of the family dog), deeply sensitive, and bothered not by the antics and pranks of his juvenile and immature peers as much as by the hypocrisies and phoniness of the world at large. Indeed, his original plan is to level the entire school with the two homemade bombs. Only the failure of that plan drives him to start shooting.
The template for understanding Arthur Finnerman is not the avenging trench-coated shooters from Columbine but rather Holden Caulfield, the introspective narrator of The Catcher in the Rye, the novel Mr. Larson assigns his Honors English class to read over the summer and the subject of the first day’s discussion. Holden, institutionalized for his own good at the end of the novel, dreams of riding a nuclear bomb into the heart of Manhattan. That free-floating discontent with the human race is less the mark of a run-of-the-mill psychopath and more the dark, if logical reasoning of an existentialist at odds with a world that resists every opportunity to be better than it is.
Andrew Larson is Ani’s English teacher at the Bradley School at the time of her rape. In the aftermath of the gangrape, Mr. Larson sees how disturbed Ani is, hears the rumors swirling about the soccer players’ party, and is determined to champion Ani’s rights. When a distraught Ani, her face bearing witness to Dean’s physical abuse, finds sanctuary in his apartment, for which he is summarily terminated as a teacher at Bradley, he acts only to protect Ani. Given the widespread psychological pummeling she takes in school, Mr. Larson seems exactly what Ani needed.
When he uses his association with Luke Harrison to reconnect with an adult Ani more than 10 years later, however, he edges away from that character. He is now married with kids, and his interest in the engaged Ani reflects the feelings he cannot bring himself to express honestly. He finds in the vulnerable Ani an opportunity to insert himself into her attempts to recover emotionally from the experiences at Bradley. Their awkward stabs at making out the weekend of the documentary filming expose Mr. Larson to Ani as a phony, another manipulative male attempting to be intimate with her. That moment marks Ani’s tipping point, at which she moves at last from the limits of being defined by others.