49 pages • 1 hour read
Nino RicciA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The story opens on a July afternoon in 1960 in the small village of Valle de Sole in the Italian Apennine Mountains. The narrator, Vittorio Innocente, describes how the town is quiet and the men are working in the fields. He lives with his mother, Cristina, and his grandfather, the town mayor. His father left for America four years ago. Earlier that July day, his mother received a letter. After his grandfather left for Di Lucci’s bar following lunch, Cristina told Vittorio that she was going out but wouldn’t tell him where.
Vittorio is sitting on the stoop of his grandfather’s house trying to study. He falls asleep. He wakes up when he hears a shout near the stable. He runs toward the stable and sees a green snake. Then, someone jumps out of the stable, startling Vittorio. He goes into the stable where he sees his mother. He tells her he heard a man yelling. His mother “stare[s] at [him] hard a moment,” and Vittorio eventually says he “didn’t see anything” (7). His mother kisses him approvingly. Vittorio sees blood on her ankle, and they realize she has been bitten by the snake. She tells him to run to Di Lucci’s, because Di Lucci has a car.
Vittorio runs to Di Lucci’s bar yelling that his mother has been bitten by a snake. Vittorio, his grandfather, and Di Lucci get into the car, but Di Lucci realizes he doesn’t have the keys. He gets out and yells to his wife asking where the keys are. She says she has no idea and asks him where he is going. Vittorio’s grandfather finds the keys and they drive to the house. The whole village watches the commotion.
They pick up Cristina, who is very calm, and drive away. Di Lucci tells them to tie something around the leg so that the poison doesn’t spread, and they use Vittorio’s shirt. As he drives, Di Lucci asks questions about the snake and how Cristina was bitten. When she admits that she was bitten in the barn while feeding the pigs, Vittorio’s grandfather says she had already fed the pigs that morning. Cristina responds that she was checking their water trough, but Di Lucci is suspicious.
They arrive at the hospital in Rocca Secca, where many people are waiting to see the doctor. Di Lucci tells the receptionist that Cristina has been bitten by a snake and bribes the receptionist so Cristina can get seen more quickly by the doctor. Vittorio sits down next to an old man who tells him about the ailments of the other people waiting. Then, a young woman comes in vomiting. Her “black-habited guide” (21) and Di Lucci argue with the receptionist about who should be seen next. While they argue, Vittorio remembers how his paternal grandfather dropped dead in the middle of a family argument. He thinks his mother looks as his grandfather did that day and cries out that she is dead, but she is just in shock.
The doctor arrives and says he will see Cristina next. The only available stretcher has a dead man on it. They remove the dead body and put Cristina on the stretcher.
The next day, Di Lucci takes Vittorio and his grandfather to visit Cristina in the hospital ward. Earlier that day, Vittorio found a pair of tinted glasses in the stable. He recalls that he found another pair of tinted glasses a year earlier in the hot springs his mother had shown him. When he asked his mother if he could keep them, she took them away and threw them in the river.
That night, Vittorio hides the second pair of glasses under his mattress, and they are crushed. He buries the fragments in the pasture the following afternoon. Two days later, Cristina returns home. His grandfather has purchased a store-bought mattress in Rocca Secca. He tells Vittorio that he will sleep in his own room instead of with his mother from now on. Vittorio thinks about his father, about whom he knows very little.
That night, Vittorio sleeps in his new room where two German soldiers once slept. He imagines or dreams he can hear their ghosts entering his mother’s room and the three of them leaving together in the middle of the night.
Soon after is the Feast of San Camillo de Lellis, a local saint. Vittorio recalls what his schoolteacher, la maestra, told him about San Camillo’s story. She has inspired his interest in religion because his mother and grandfather are not very religious.
That day at church, they listen to the priest, Father Nicola, talk about how “the villagers’ superstitions” come from “the devil” (39) while looking at Cristina. His mother does not like Father Nick. Vittorio describes how the priest comes into the schoolhouse to question the students about the catechism and beats them if they do not know the answer. The priest also tells them stories, like that about his roommate at seminary, Dompietro, who hides his shoe under his bed every day to remind himself to get on his knees and thank God. Cristina thinks those stories are silly.
That afternoon, Vittorio’s aunt and cousin come over, but the family seems tense. The next day, Cristina’s friends Maria and Giuseppina come over. Maria and Cristina gossip about the priests until Giuseppina complains they are being disrespectful and “too proud” (46). When Cristina asks Giuseppina to sit down because she isn’t “contagious” (47), Giuseppina quickly leaves.
Later that day, Vittorio overhears Maria and Giuseppina saying that the snakebite was a sign of God’s judgement, that Vittorio and Cristina are lazy, and that his father will find out.
Vittorio describes how the villagers in the area are all envious of one another. He recounts a myth his grandfather told him about a giant named Gambelunghe who cleared the jungle on the mountain and planted crops. Gambelunghe’s offspring argue amongst themselves over who has the best land and so God curses them. To avoid envy, the offspring split the land evenly, leading to each having small patches of land, sometimes miles apart. He also describes how the villagers are afraid of the evil eye.
No one comes to the house to visit Cristina or Vittorio’s grandfather anymore. One day, Giuseppina comes over. She advises Cristina to go to confession, talk to the priest, or do a ritual sacrifice of a chicken or other animal to rid herself of the evil eye. Cristina laughs and calls it nonsense. Giuseppina warns that Cristina is going to bring a curse on her household. Later that night, no one in the household speaks to one another.
The entirety of Lives of the Saints is told in first-person narration from the point of view of Vittorio Innocente. Although there are moments of lyrical description that paint the scenery and background in sophisticated language, as might be expected of an adult looking back and describing their childhood, Vittorio’s perceptions of events are essentially that of a child. As a result, he does not have a complete understanding of the motivations and impulses of the adults around him. This requires the reader to fill in with their own understanding to draw connections between events. Vittorio, for his part, picks up details by chance, often by overhearing conversations between adults. In this early section of the novel, Vittorio is as his surname name suggests: Innocente, or innocent. Over the course of the novel, Vittorio undergoes a Loss of Childhood Innocence, a process that begins when he catches his mother with a man in the stable, even though he does not understand the significance of the encounter.
Father Nick’s sermon on the feast of San Camillo de Lellis is a clear example of how Vittorio does not understand the significance of the subtle language and actions of the adults in his life, particularly in the beginning of the novel. Although Cristina disdains Father Nick, describing him as “our fatted calf” (39), he has clearly chosen the subject of his homily as an attempt to protect Cristina from neighborhood gossip following her snakebite. He preaches against The Influence of Superstition and Myth while “cast[ing] a significant glace at [Vittorio’s] mother, as if pregnant with some secret meaning he wished to share with her” (39).
Vittorio does not understand what this “secret meaning” could be, but Cristina’s later discussion with Giuseppina about how to purge herself of the “evil eye” following the snakebite reveals that the priest is aware that the villagers have been growing suspicious about Cristina’s snakebite and the bad omen it portends. The choice of the word “pregnant” in this sentence foreshadows Cristina’s own pregnancy as a result of her tryst in the stable with an unknown man. Although Father Nick could not have known Cristina was pregnant, it suggests that the villagers are at least somewhat aware of her affair.
Lives of the Saints is peppered with expressions and bits of dialogue in untranslated Italian dialect. This provides “local color,” a literary technique that uses concrete details of traditions, language, and scenery to anchor a story in a particular place and time. For instance, the use of snippets of Italian dialect show how, in a small town like Valle del Sole, the daily spoken language is not standard Italian but rather a dialect. Vittorio’s grandfather’s title is given as lu podesta, or “the mayor,” even though lu is not a definite article in formal Italian.
The differences between dialect and formal Italian also give insight into the class standing and opportunities afforded to various villagers. Ricci describes how the women “spoke the most flattened form of the local dialect, because unlike the men […] they were far from any edifying influence, whatever proper Italian they might have learned in their five years of school in Valle del Sole long-forgotten” (45). In contrast to the humble peasant women, Cristina has had more education and can speak “in an Italian more rounded and precise than la maestra’s” (45). This difference in language between Cristina and the other women is just one example of how she embodies the conflict of Traditional Values Versus Personal Freedom in the village, contributing to the local perception that she is a “princess” (47).