52 pages • 1 hour read
George SaundersA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Jerry (Jer) is teaching the narrator new vocabulary. The narrator, an old man, describes his experience in uneven, stilted language, as if he doesn’t have a full vocabulary yet. Jer calls the narrator “89” and teaches him words like “bastard,” “turd,” “creep,” “idiot,” “poor,” “freedom,” and “oppressor” (198-199). Jerry also teaches the narrator how to bellow loudly. Then, Jerry announces that it is time for the narrator’s first job, and he describes how important the narrator is for the mission. Jerry also tells the narrator that, throughout the job the next day, his name will be “Greg” (199).
Greg is taken to the job on a bus with several other people. He notices that there are several other Gregs in the group. At the job site, the group is given colorful clothes to replace their identical green outfits. Their supervisors then instruct them to shout at a different group opposite them; they bellow the phrase “Bastardturdcreepidiot” (201), and police look on. Afterword, Greg and the others are rewarded for their efforts with root beer.
The next day, Greg and the others are taken to a different job site, where a similar event occurs. This time, however, a physical confrontation occurs and results in several members of Greg’s group brutally beating a member of the opposition. This makes Greg uncomfortable, and he leaves the scene and finds a bathroom to hide in. When Jerry finds Greg, he is punished for his abandonment of the scene and his root beer reward is withheld; instead, Greg is given a pill that puts him to sleep.
That night, Greg awakes and thinks about these events. Certain words come to his mind that he has never learned before, such as “beat down” and “Tom’s dizzy oasis” (206). Suddenly, Greg remembers his own, real, name: Elliot Spencer. He repeats his name multiple times, and Jerry hears him; Elliot receives a “scrape test” to re-wipe his memory (207).
Elliot goes on a third job to a new site. This time, Jerry convinces Elliot to go to the opposing protestors’ side, where he is brutally beaten. As he loses consciousness, Elliot has flashbacks to his prior life, in which he had an addiction to alcohol and was living below a bridge.
Elliot wakes up in an unfamiliar place, surrounded by photos. Jerry and his colleagues are pleased with Elliot’s performance at the job site and say that Elliot’s beating has been broadcast nationally; this will help to elicit support for their cause. They then explain to Elliot—whom they call Greg—that a news reporter is arriving shortly to interview Elliot on his experience as a political protester. Jerry and his colleagues feed Elliot a false story about his own life and motivations, which he is instructed to tell the reporter if asked.
The reporter, however, is suspicious of the group that has wiped Elliot’s memory and forced him to partake in political protests. When she asks Elliot whether he can remember his birthplace or any events from high school, Elliot is only able to recite back the words that he has been taught: “freedom,” “poor,” “sick,” and “oppressors” (216).
Jerry and his colleagues, Meg and Kennedy B., say that they need to re-scrape Elliot’s memory and claim that the beating has caused him brain damage. Suddenly, a series of flashbacks from Elliot’s previous life return to him: an image of his mother, his childhood dog, and a snowy day during his youth. Then, Elliot refuses to sign off on a new memory scrape, as he has realized that his entire past has been stolen from him by the brainwashing. Jerry takes Elliot outside, and Elliot asks whether he can see his mother. Jerry explains that Elliot’s mother will be dead by now. Jerry then reminds Elliot about his past life, in order to convince him to sign off on the memory re-scrape. Jerry explains that Elliot was violent, addicted to alcohol, and experiencing homelessness and volunteered for the project in order to live a better life. Jerry advises Elliot to re-scrape his memory rather than return to the desolate existence from which he was rescued.
Elliot asks Jerry for some alone time to consider. Outside, Elliot thinks more about his mother, his youth, and his ex-partner, Ruth. He realizes that both his mother and Ruth are probably dead and that he himself will die soon in his old age. However, he realizes that he wants to live the rest of his life free and with his own memories; Elliot leaves the house behind and thinks optimistically about this new path that he has chosen.
When the narrative begins, Elliot—first referred to as "89"— is taught a new vocabulary that includes words such as "bastard," "turd," and "oppressor." This diction reflects how Jer and his team are manipulating language to shape Elliot’s perception of his opposition; in turn, they hope, his resentment will expand from his language to his behavior. This experiment realizes itself in the setting of a political protest, where Elliot and several others are given new identities and tasks to perform. The repetition of the phrase "Bastardturdcreepidiot" during the protest becomes a symbolic act of control, emphasizing how language can be weaponized to dehumanize others, even as those wielding that language can be unaware of the power of their words.
The narrative complexity increases when Elliot begins to resist the forced amnesia, or the brain scrape, and has flashbacks to his childhood. The flashbacks to his prior life under a bridge, addicted to alcohol, add layers to his character and evoke pathos. Jer and his colleagues’ attempts to remove Elliot from the streets and alter his life allude to eugenic principles of removing supposedly undesirable traits (according to white supremacist and classist values) from populations, highlighting the far-reaching outcomes of unchecked Oppression and Control.
Despite the fact that refusal to conform to Jer’s narrative has resulted in punishment in the past, Elliot decides to leave Jer and go into the world on his own. It is only after he learns his true name, Elliot, that he feels empowered enough to escape the mind-control of the oppressing group. In this, the story illustrates that there is power in personal identity and that the removal of one’s personal identity is an affront to their autonomy and freedom.
By George Saunders