85 pages • 2 hours read
Wu Cheng'en, Transl. Anthony C. YuA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Taizong enters the Underworld where he learns that the Dragon King has indeed opened a case against him. Taizong is at fault because he’d promised to save the Dragon King, but the Dragon King was executed. However, because Taizong is marked to live for another two decades, he’s sent back to continue his life. Taizong promises to send fruit to the kings of the Underworld in his gratitude, and then he is reborn.
Along his path to rebirth, Taizong meets the souls of those who are stalled from being reborn because their lives were unjustly claimed; he promises to hold a spiritual service in their honor so they may be reborn. When Taizong returns to life, the first thing he does is send food to the Underworld, as promised. A man named Liu Quan volunteers to die to take the food, because he hopes to bring back his deceased wife’s spirit. The kings of the Underworld agree and send her spirit into the body of Taizong’s sister because both are destined to be immortals.
As promised, Taizong holds the service for those souls who are trapped in the Underworld, unable to be reincarnated. He requests that monks come from all over the region to attend and participate in the service, and they start to arrive over the course of the next month. The next task is to choose a monk to lead the service: Xuanzang is selected. Taizong recognizes his name because he knows Chen E. The service will last for 49 days, and it’s scheduled for the third day of the ninth month. Guanyin also attends the service. She interrupts Xuanzang and yells at him for his preaching. Guanyin reveals that what he should be preaching is contained in the text in India, to the west. Taizong asks who will undertake the quest, and Xuanzang volunteers, much to Taizong’s delight. Taizong gives Xuanzang documentation that will allow him to travel throughout the land. Taizong gives Xuanzang another name: Tripitaka.
Tripitaka begins his journey to the west. It’s early, and the sun hasn’t come up yet. His horse trips, and they fall into a pit where they’re captured by an ill-intentioned demon king. The demon eats Tripitaka’s attendants, with the threat that he’ll eat Tripitaka later. An old man appears, walking with the aid of a stick. He frees Tripitaka, who thanks him, showing gratitude and humility. The old man offers to show him how to get out of the pit and back on the road. When Tripitaka turns to thank the old man again, he’s gone. The old man has flown into the sky on the back of a crane and has dropped a few lines of poetry that reveal he is the Planet Venus. The poem also informs Tripitaka he will gather disciples and urges him not to feel anger regarding the scriptures.
Tripitaka continues on his way. A tiger almost devours him, but the warden of the mountain, Liu Boqin, saves him. Boqin invites Tripitaka and his horse to rest at his home. In exchange, Tripitaka prays for Boqin’s deceased father and saves his spirit. The spirit comes to the family that night: Tripitaka must be rewarded because the spirit will now be reincarnated into a good family. Because Tripitaka won’t accept any gifts, Boqin agrees to escort him for part of his quest. They hear a voice cry out that his master has arrived.
It’s been 500 years, and Wukong is desperately happy to see Tripitaka. Wukong tells Tripitaka about Tathāgata and shares that he was imprisoned because of what he did in Heaven. He explains that Guanyin promised him the chance at redemption if he protected Tripitaka and served him. In order to release Wukong, Tripitaka must remove the written command of Tathāgata at the top of the mountain. Tripitaka does this, and the mountain breaks open. Wukong is free and bows to Tripitaka. At that moment, six bandits attack them. Wukong defeats all the bandits with ease, killing them. This upsets Tripitaka; Wukong doesn’t like Tripitaka’s anger and leaves him to journey alone. Tripitaka meets a woman who gives him clothes for Wukong and casts a spell to make him return; she disappears, and Tripitaka realizes it was Guanyin. Wukong talks to the Dragon King, who reminds him that if he doesn’t follow Tripitaka, he won’t be redeemed. Wukong is then referred to as Pilgrim and returns to Tripitaka, who has control over him because of Guanyin’s magic.
Tripitaka and Pilgrim continue their travels, and they reach Eagle Grief Stream. They hear a noise and observe a dragon in the waves. The dragon tries to eat Tripitaka, but Pilgrim saves him and they flee. Instead of eating Tripitaka, the dragon eats Tripitaka’s horse and goes back under water.
Pilgrim fights with the dragon but can’t capture it, so he turns to Guanyin to help. She tells the dragon that Pilgrim serves the man the dragon was waiting for—this is the dragon Hui’an fought. Guanyin changes the dragon into a horse. With the dragon-turned-horse, Tripitaka and Pilgrim can continue their journey.
When Tang Taizong fulfills his first promise to send food to the Underworld, he shows that he can keep his word, even though the Dragon King was executed when Tang Taizong was supposed to stop the execution.
When Guanyin shows up at the spiritual service led by Xuanzang and announces the quest, Xuanzang is happy to undertake it; as a monk, he seeks spiritual knowledge. This is the point when the novel’s events start to converge: Taizong knew Xuanzang’s father and grandfather. Guanyin wouldn’t be seeking Xuanzang without having first tried to help vanquish Wukong, and she’s promised to send her pilgrim, Xuanzang, to free Wukong so that he can have another chance.
Xuanzang Tripitaka begins his quest and continues to show that he embodies an opportunity for redemption. He saves a warden’s father’s spirit, which was trapped by sin, so that the spirit can be reborn into a good family. This foreshadows that he will also help Wukong find redemption, as Tathāgata promised when he imprisoned him.
Wukong hasn’t given up his prideful, violent ways, but he’s reminded that this is his chance for redemption. Between that and Guanyin’s magic, he agrees to follow Tripitaka on a path toward goodness. Guanyin’s interference to help Tripitaka is common in an epic: The hero (Tripitaka) will often receive divine help in through a disguise that evokes wisdom, such as Guanyin disguised as an old woman, and the Planet of Venus disguised as an old man.
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