logo

42 pages 1 hour read

Peter Benchley

Jaws

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1974

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1

Chapter 1 Summary

A large shark swims close to the shore on a moonless night. A drunken couple frolics on the beach. As the man sleeps on the sand, the woman enters the sea. The shark senses “a change in the sea's rhythm” and swims toward her (10). The shark attacks and the woman is struck by “pain and panic” (11). The shark kills and eats the woman, whose screams go unheard. The man wakes just before dawn. He cannot find the woman and, worried about “the possibility of an accident” (12), wakes the host of the house where he and the woman were staying. The host's name is Jack Foote, the man's name is Tom Cassidy. As Foote wakes, Cassidy warns him that the woman, whose name is Chrissie (Christine Watkins), is missing. He is worried that she has “drowned” (13). Foote decides to contact the local police.

Chapter 2 Summary

Patrolman Leonard “Len” Hendricks reads while manning the desk of the Amity Police Department. He receives a telephone call from Jack Foote to report Chrissie as a “missing person” (14). After noting down Chrissie's description, Hendricks promises to contact Jack if the police find any sign of Chrissie. Hendricks decides to wake his boss, Chief Brody. Because he is new to the police force, Hendricks works the “usually quiet” midnight to eight o’clock shift (15).

Brody is woken by Hendricks's call. After planning to drive into work, he studies his sleeping wife, Ellen. She is the mother of their three children and has retained her “handsome and young” appearance far better than Brody (16). Unlike Brody, Ellen was not born in the small tourist beach town of Amity. She visited when she was 21, met Brody, and she moved to the town to be with him. Brody knows that the presence of the tourists from New York reminds Ellen of “chances missed and lives that could have been” if she was not stuck in a small town (17). Though she has tried to reunite with her old friends from New York, Brody knows that his wife feels a sense of detached from Amity in the presence of the so-called “summer people”.

Brody drives to the police station, passing the beach to check for any signs of the missing person. With Hendricks, he drives out to talk to Foote and Cassidy. Brody inspects the beach; after half a mile, Hendricks finds a “mass of tattered flesh” that he recognizes as the dead remains of a woman (21). He alerts Brody. Cassidy identifies the dead woman as Chrissie. 

Chapter 3 Summary

Brody returns to the office to file the paperwork. Carl Santos, the coroner, calls him to say that the likely cause of death is “a shark” (22). However, Santos is hesitant to complete the paperwork. News of a shark attack in Amity could destroy the summer tourism trade which sustains the town through the lean and difficult winters. Brody, like everyone else, is “expected to do his bit to make sure that Amity remained a desirable summer community” (23). In the past, Brody has helped keep rumors and news of crime quiet so as not to spook the tourists. Brody and Harry Meadows, the editor of the local newspaper, have a tacit agreement to maintain this “delicate balance” (24). Despite this arrangement, Brody plans to close the beaches for several days to “deprive the fish of any more people” in the hope that it will swim elsewhere (25).

Brody meets Meadows, who agrees that the cause of death is likely a shark attack but notes the strangeness of a shark being present “when the water’s still this cold” (27). Meadows has been researching sharks and he believes that Chrissie was attacked by a great white shark, also known as the “man-eater” (27). However, Meadows’s research leads him to believe that the shark has likely left the area, so there is “no reason to get the public all upset” (28). Brody wants to inform the public of the danger, but Meadows says that he has been pressured by local business owners and the owners of his newspaper not to publish the story. Meadows also reminds Brody that he is an elected official who can “be impeached” if he annoys the Amity electorate (29).

Brody returns to his office where Larry Vaughan, the mayor of Amity, is waiting to talk to him. Vaughan is “obviously upset” (30) by Brody's plan to close the beaches (30). Though he claims to be “embarrassed” (31), Vaughan threatens to fire Brody if he closes the beaches. Brody reluctantly agrees to keep the beaches open. That night, he complains to Ellen that “the powers-that-be” are forcing him to do nothing in response to the shark attack (32).

Chapter 4 Summary

Tourists begin to arrive in Amity for the summer season and the beaches are “speckled with people” (34). A boy pleads with his mother to go play in the sea. As he rides his “raft” out into the deeper water, the shark patrols the shoreline. The boy begins to “paddle toward shore” and the energetic splashing attracts the shark (36). In “a sudden rush” (37), the shark bites the boy in half and the commotion attracts the attention of the beachgoers.

Brody’s lunch is interrupted by the news of the shark attack. He immediately feels guilty for not closing the beaches and now “a child [has] been killed because of it” (38). Brody meets Meadows at the police station and learns that the national media are now interested in the story. Meadows can’t avoid publishing the story any longer, but he insists that there was “no conspiracy” (39). Brody meets with the dead boy’s grieving mother and a witness but his attempts to console them are “clumsy” (40). Outside the station, Brody talks with the reporters from the national media. His attempts to downplay the danger fail when Hendricks arrives with the news of “another attack” (41). An old man was attacked by a shark while just beyond the surf. Hendricks, who had been on the beach, tried to help, but he was left holding the old man’s severed arm. Brody tells him to “find some notices that close the beaches” (42).

By Monday morning, the story of the two deaths is in the national newspapers. The story notes that the likely species of shark is a great white, “known throughout the world for its voraciousness and aggressiveness” (43). Though Meadows has tried not to “[pin] everything” on their earlier decisions in his own report (44), Brody is angry that he has been framed as negligent. Meadows suggests that they try to hunt and kill the shark. Their discussion is interrupted by the mother of the dead boy, who accuses Brody of causing her son’s death and says he “won't get away with it” (46). Though she is quickly taken away, Brody is concerned that she may be right and that he “could have prevented” the deaths (47). Vaughan calls, and Brody asks about his mysterious business partners, but Vaughan is insulted and ignores his questions. However, he offers to pay whatever it takes to “get rid of that thing” and save the tourism season in Amity ahead of the Fourth of July weekend (48).

On a boat some distance away, an experienced fishing boat captain named Quint discusses the shark attacks in Amity. He believes that he and the shark will inevitably “find one another, all right” (49).

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

The introduction to Jaws is the first of a series of vignettes which are interspersed throughout the main narrative, providing an insight into how life changes in Amity due to the attacks. Chrissie’s death encapsulates the events of the plot: Human activity is interrupted by the sudden arrival of a shark, whose violent interference is life-changing for its human victims but simply natural for the shark itself. To the shark, Chrissie is a series of sensory inputs followed by sustenance. To Brody and the other human characters, Chrissie is a person whose violent death is a sickening precursor of what is to come. Outside of the main narrative following Brody, these vignettes show the reader how Amity will never be the same after the shark attacks: Chrissie's death becomes a bookmark in history, delineating Amity before and after the arrival of the shark.

These deaths—Chrissie’s, the old man’s, and the boy’s—also present a contrast to the theme of capitalist nihilism that appears during scenes within Amity. The Amity townspeople know that their livelihood depends on summer tourism. They are trapped in a capitalist spiral that has worn them down over the years, eradicating their ambitions outside of Amity's survival. Brody knows that his wife longs for “chances missed and lives that could have been” (17), because life in Amity means stagnation and a lack of purpose living under the thumb of capitalism. The shark also represents a kind of nihilism: as a being at the top of the food chain, it kills for no greater purpose than survival and does not care about its victims. But when it appears, the human perspective shifts. The lives that have been lost are mourned and thus perceived as inherently meaningful.

As the police chief of Amity, Martin Brody finds himself caught in a battle between individuals and institutions. After the shark attacks begin, he recognizes the need to save human lives. He wants to close the beaches to reduce the potential for another attack. However, he faces institutional resistance. Mayor Larry Vaughan orders Brody to keep the beaches open for tourists. Vaughan is not alone in prioritizing the economy. When Brody ventures out into the community, he detects an air of resentment toward him and his plan to close the beaches. The community is willing to take the risk that Brody is not. This tension is key to Brody's character: He is forced to choose between saving the economy and saving lives. At first, Brody compromises. He allows Meadows and others to talk him into keeping the beaches open. This moment lays the foundation of guilt eventually brings him into direct confrontation with the institutions that compelled him to prioritize capitalism.

Even though Brody acted in deference to institutional pressure, he still feels guilty for each death. In this way, Brody acts as the antithesis for the nihilistic outlook that the other townspeople share. While other characters are focused on keeping their businesses open, Brody is confronted with the moral cost of this decision. Vaughan and his mysterious partners do not have to see mangled corpses, nor do they have to deal with grieving mothers. Even though Brody could justify his decisions, he chooses not to. He internalizes the accusations and feels the guilt in a very real, very human way. To him, these decisions have actual consequences.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text

Related Titles

By Peter Benchley